Iberis ndimaluwa obiriwira osatha kapena pachaka, herbaceous kapena theka-shrub ochokera ku banja la Cruciferous, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maiko ambiri ku Europe ndi Asia, komanso ku Crimea ndi Caucasus. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 40 yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe pakati pawo pali zikhalidwe zosagwira ozizira komanso zotentha, zosaganizira komanso zachikhalidwe chosasangalatsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera m'mundamu ndi chiwembu cha anthu, pamaluwa amaluwa ndi maluwa, pamayala a Alpine komanso pamalire ndi udzu. Kwa okongoletsa maluwa, Iberis ikufunika maphwando komanso maluwa.
Kufotokozera kwa duwa la Iberis
Zosiyana ndi maluwa ndi gawo lomwe limakhala muzu wa tsinde, nthambi zowongoka kapena zokwawa, masamba obiriwira osachedwa pang'ono, inflorescence-maambulera kuchokera kumaluwa onunkhira oyera oyera, apinki, ofiira, a lilac kapena a lilac mpaka sentimita imodzi mulifupi ndi zipatso za pod mbewu mkati. Kumera kwakukulu kwa mbewu kumapitilira kwa zaka 4 zitatha kutola. Maluwa a Iberis amagwira ntchito pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, mbewu za pachaka zimaphuka kwakanthawi. Maluwa oyamba amawoneka pakati pa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, kutengera mitundu ndi mitundu, ndikupitilizabe kusangalatsa ena ndi malingaliro awo okongola pafupifupi nyengo yonse yachilimwe. Zomera zimatulutsa bwino komanso mopatsa ulemu, nthawi zina zimakonda kupezeka masamba ochepa pafupifupi masamba osawoneka. Chomera cha herbaceous chimafalitsa ndi mbewu, kudula komanso kugawaniza chitsamba.
Kukula Iberis kuchokera ku Mbewu
Kubzala Mbewu za Iberis
Njira yofalitsira Iberis imadziwika kuti ndi yosavuta kwambiri ndipo ndiyotchuka. Mbewu zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa maluwa alionse kapena kusonkhanitsa panokha.
Kubzala poyera kumachitika kuti akuya 5-10 mamilimita. Nthawi yabwino yofesa ndikuyamba kwa Epulo. Mukabzala mbewu kawiri kapena katatu ndikudalirana kwa masiku 15 mpaka 20, ndiye kuti maluwa atha kupitilirabe m'miyezi yotentha. Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha masiku 10-15. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa mbewu, kusiya mtunda pakati pa mbande za 15 cm. Mutha kubzala mbewu m'dzinja.
Mbande za Iberis
Kubzala mbande kumachitika kumayambiriro kasupe (m'masiku oyamba a Marichi). Kuti muchite izi, mumafunikira chidebe cham'munda chomwe chili ndi tinthu tating'ono, tokhala ngati madzi komanso mchenga wabwino. Mbewu zofesedwa mpaka milimita imodzi ndikuwazidwa ndimchenga wowonda. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba bokosilo posachedwa ndi polyethylene kapena galasi ndikuchotsa chivundikirocho pokhapokha ponyowa nthaka (mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa). Zili ndi mbeu m'chipinda chofunda komanso chowala, palibe chifukwa chosankha.
Kubzala kwa Iberis kunja
Kubzala Iberis
Mbande zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe panthaka kumapeto kwa Meyi, kuti mbewu zazing'ono sizitha kuvulazidwanso ndi chisanu chamadzulo. Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo otseguka ndi dzuwa. Nthaka yoyenera kwambiri ku Iberis ndi mchenga, miyala kapena loamy kuti madzi asasunthike mmenemo, omwe amawonongera molakwika kukula kwa gawo.
Momwe mungabzalemo Iberis
Kubzala mbande kumachitika limodzi ndi chotupa ndi njira yodutsa, popeza mbewu zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mizu yosalimba. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15. Mmera umayikidwa mu dzenje lobzala, umadzazidwa ndi dothi, wophweka ndipo kuthirira koyambirira kumachitika.
Kusamalira Iberis m'munda
Kuthirira
Kusintha kwa nthaka ndi kuthirira madzi kumafunika kuti pakhale maluwa pokhapokha ngati masiku owuma komanso otentha kwambiri osagwa mvula.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kuthira manyowa m'nthaka sikofunikira. Ngati mungafune, mutha kudyetsa maluwawa ndi feteleza ovuta a mchere, koma osapitirira nthawi 1-2 nthawi yotentha. Zakudya zowonjezerazi zimakhudza kukongola ndi maluwa ambiri.
Kudulira
Kudulira mitengo kuyenera kuchitidwa maluwa. Kutengera kuchotsedwa kwa gawo lawo 1/3. Kusunga mawonekedwe okongola ngati bedi la maluwa kapena bedi lamaluwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidulira mitengo ya inflorescence munthawi yake.
Thirani
Iberis wazaka zapakati pa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ayenera kubzala, monga chikhalidwe chimataya mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa pakapita nthawi, maluwa amatuluka, ndipo kukula kwa inflorescence kumachepa.
Iberis pambuyo maluwa
Kutolera ndi kusungira mbewu
Popeza nyengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu imatha kuchitika nthawi yonse ya chilimwe, mbewu zosapsa nthawi zonse zimatha kukolola pang'onopang'ono, osadikirira kutha kwa nyengo yotentha. Choyamba muyenera kusonkha ndi kupukuta nyembazo, kenako ndikutulutsa njerezo. Moyo wa alumali wa kubzala zinthu ndi zaka zinayi, choncho umayikidwa m'matumba kapena pakatoni katoni ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chouma komanso chozizira mpaka mutabzala. Ngati panalibe mwayi woti asonkhanitsidwe, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimatha kuchulukitsa podzibzala.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Ngakhale ma Iberis amakhala osatha ndipo ali m'gulu la mbewu zosagwira chisanu, malo odalirika a miyezi yozizira sangaletse. Tikadulira nthawi yophukira, tchire limatha kuphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce, imapulumutsa mbewu mu chisanu champhamvu ndipo chipale chofewa sichikhala nthawi yayitali.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Khungu, lomwe limapezeka pachitsamba chamaluwa, limadyera pamtengowo ndipo limasiya mabowo ambiri owoneka ngati masamba. Kuti tichotse tizilombo, ndikokwanira kuti dothi lizungulira chinyezi.
Kabichi aphid imaberekanso mwachangu, ndikofunikira kuthana nayo pachizindikiro choyamba mothandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yapadera. Kwa malita 10 amadzi muyenera kuwonjezera pafupifupi 300 magalamu a sopo wa potaziyamu (madzi), sakanizani bwino mpaka kusungunuka kwathunthu. Mobwerezabwereza kuyamwa kumachitika mu sabata limodzi.
Mealybug amwalira kokha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa - Fitoverm, Mospilan, Aktara.
Iberis imagwira kwambiri mitundu yonse ya matenda. Matendawa amathanso kuyamba ndi kuthirira kosayenera (mopitilira muyeso), komwe kumapangitsa kuti mizu ibowole. Chitsamba chodwalacho chimayenera kuchotsedwa pomwepo ndipo dothi liyenera kutetezedwa.
