Calla (Calla) amatchedwanso Zantedeschia. Zomera zoterezi, zomwe ndizosatha, ndizogwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa Aronica kapena Aroid. Amakonda kukula m'malo otentha kwambiri ku Africa (kuchokera ku Tanzania mpaka ku Nigeria), komanso ku South America. Chomera choterocho chili paubwenzi ndi calla marsh (Callas). Chomera ndicho chokhacho chomwe chikuyimira, pomwe chimamera kuthengo kokha ku Northern Hemisphere. Maluwa amatchedwanso richard kapena calla ethiopian. Dzina lotere ngati chomera cha zelyesky lidalandiridwa kuchokera kwa Germany K. Sprengel wa botanist wotchuka. Ndipo adapatsa dzina lotero duwa polemekeza mnzake wa ku Italiya D. Zelyeschi, yemwenso anali katswiri wazomera. Komabe, dzina lodziwika bwino la mbewuyi ndi calla. Maluwa oterewa ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa, chifukwa ali ndi timapepala tokongola, komanso maluwa ochititsa chidwi kwambiri a mawonekedwe osadziwika. Ndipo amakondedwa chifukwa amathanso kukhala wamkulu pobisika komanso kunyumba.
Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro chomera
Chomera, ka ndi china chilichonse chimayenera kusamaliridwa bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lalikulu la callas ndikuti amakula bwino panja panthaka komanso m'nyumba zamapoto. Malamulo a chisamaliro:
- Mukabzala, callas sayenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka. Mizu yawo imangodzaza pang'ono ndi dziko lapansi. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa maonekedwe.
- Alimi osadziwa maluwa amalima duwa la chomera ichi (pepala lophimba). Imadzipukuta mozungulira khutu la inflorescence. Maluwa enieni ndi ochepa kukula ndipo alibe mawonekedwe okongola. Koma ndi onunkhira kwambiri.
- Kalla ikhoza kutuluka nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi mwezi). Chowonadi ndi chakuti, choyambirira chimakula, kenako mphukira imawonekera.
- Mukakumba tubers, ndikosavuta kuwonongeka, chifukwa chake muyenera kuchita njirayi mosamala kwambiri.
- Chochititsa chidwi, mbewu iyi imatchedwa "barometer Living." Chowonadi ndi chakuti mvula isanatuluke, chinyezi cha mlengalenga chimakwera, ndipo calla amakumana chifukwa chakuti madontho amadzi amapangira malangizo a masamba.
- Pobzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chomwe chili ndi makhoma amiyala, makamaka tikulankhula za calla ya ku Itiopiya, yomwe imakondanso kukula yokha (popanda oyandikana nawo). Izi zimalola chinyezi chambiri kutuluka.
- Duwa limatha pafupifupi milungu 4.
- Kukonzanso mwadongosolo dothi lokwanira mumphika kumafunika. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani dothi lakumtunda ndikuyika yatsopano, yesetsani kusasokoneza mizu.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu ya maluwa a calla okhala ndi zithunzi
Mu mtundu, mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya mbewuzi imasiyanitsidwa, komabe, atatu okha ndiodziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima ndi omwe amalima.
Kalila Wopopayi (Kalikoku wa Athiopica)
Ichi ndi mbewu yayitali bwino, yomwe maluwa ake ndi oyera muutoto. Zoyendera zingakhale zazitali kupitirira masentimita 100, pomwe m'malo mwa bulb mu calla yotere, gawo lobisika ndilopanda phokoso. Chomera choterocho chimakonda chinyezi ndipo chimakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu obiriwira obiriwira omwe samatha ngakhale nthawi yayitali. Mitundu yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi:
- "Nicolai" - peduncle amatha kutalika masentimita 150. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono komanso tinsalu titalitali. Gawo lakumunsi komanso lakunja kwa chivundikiracho ndi chobiriwira, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndizosiyanasiyana kuchokera masentimita 8 mpaka 12.
- Ngale - mmera wopindika womwe umafikira masentimita 50. Njira yabwino yakukula mu nyumba.
- Schonevanoibruckerin - peduncle kutalika ukufika 100 cm. Magawo okhala ndi masamba okhala ndi mtima ali ndi mtundu wowala, gawo lakumunsi kwa mabedi limakhala lobiriwira wakuda, ndipo mainchesi a gawo lomwe lili pamwamba limasiyana kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 15 cm.
- Imulungu wachilengedwe - Izi ndi mitengo yabwino kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri, kutalika kwake kungakhale pafupifupi 90cm.
Calla Rehmann (Calla rehmannii)
Ichi ndi chomera chophatikiza bwino, chomwe kutalika kwake sikuposa masentimita 70. Malo ogona nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wapinki, koma amatha kukhala ofiira-ofiira kapena burgundy-lilac. Timapepala tating'ono ta utoto. Pansi pamtunda pali mizu yofanana ndi yomwe imapezeka mu gloxinia kapena begonias. M'dzinja, limataya masamba, ndipo nthawi yozizira, nthawi yopuma imawonedwa. Mitundu yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi:
- Chameleon - chomera chopindika, chomwe chivundikiro chake chili ndi utoto wa pichesi. Oyenera kukula m'munda wotseguka komanso kunyumba.
- Phwando lamadzulo - chomera chakuda cha satin.
- Chilimwe cha India - ofiira ndi makangaza makangaza.
Calla Elliott (Calla elliottiana)
Pali ma masamba ambiri obiriwira okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtima, pali kansalu pamaso pawo. Paso pake panali chikaso, ndipo kutsogolo kunali kubiriwira chikaso. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi theka la mita. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Chikona chachikasu - pamtunda wa masamba obiriwira obiriwira pamakhala kansalu ka utoto wachikasu. Chophimbacho ndi chikasu cha dzuwa.
- Vermeer - kutsogolo kwophimba pang'ono kophimba pang'ono ndi koyera ngati mkanda, mkati mwake muli chitumbuwa cha lilac chokhala ndi penti yakuya yakuda. Pamaso amdima wobiriwira pamakhala madontho oyera.
- Kukongola kwamaso akuda -mabediwo amakhala ndi kirimu wowawasa wokoma pang'ono pang'ono. Pamaso pazithunzi pali kachidutswa.
Palinso mitundu ya calla yomwe imamera zakutchire zokha: calla amawoneka (Calla albomaculata), calla chisangalalo (Calla jucunda), zonunkhira za calla (Calla odorata), (Calla pentlandii), calla wamphamvu (Calla valida).
Zithunzi za kukula kwa maluwa a calla maluwa
Callas ndiwokongoletsa bwino kwambiri dimba lililonse, chifukwa ali ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa mosadabwitsa. Malo omwe maluwa amenewa amakulira ndi ofanana ndi utoto wokongoletsa wachiarabu. Chaka chilichonse, masamba atsopano ooneka bwino amakula, ndipo zokongoletsera zazikulu zimawoneka - phesi la muvi ...
Chomera choterocho chimafunikira malo otseguka a kukula kokwanira. Amakonda dothi lokhala ndi michere yambiri. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike mumchenga kuchokera kuzowala za dzuwa mwachindunji, popeza amatha kutentha masamba. Motere, ma callas amalimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe pafupi ndi zitsamba kapena mitengo. Nthaka yachonde iyenera kukhala acidic kapena pang'ono acidic. Komanso, iyenera kuthiridwa bwino, chifukwa ngati tubers imadzaza madzi nthawi zonse, izi zitha kuwononga mbewu. Kusakaniza koyenera kwambiri kwa dothi ndikubzala ndi mchenga, masamba humus, nthaka ndi peat, zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa chimodzimodzi.
Tikukula maluwa a calla panja
Kubzala masika
Tikuyika malo otseguka amapangidwa m'masiku oyamba a Meyi. Asanabzale, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 30. Pambuyo pake, kuyang'aniridwa kwathunthu kumachitika. Madera omwe akhudzidwa ayenera kudulidwa mosamala ndikuwathira mankhwala obiriwira bwino.
Feteleza wophatikizira wa mchere uyenera kulowetsedwa m'nthaka (pa mita imodzi imodzi kuchokera 30 mpaka 40 g). Kukumba lapansi. Kuzama kwa mabowo kumayambira masentimita 5 mpaka 10, ndipo mtunda pakati pawo ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Tuber imatsitsidwa mu dzenje, ndikuyika, ndipo malowa ndi madzi ambiri. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mphukira za calla sizimawoneka kale kuposa milungu 2-4, chifukwa gawo lobisika liyenera kupanga woyamba. Osatulutsa dzenje kuti mutsimikizire kuti chilichonse chadongosolo. Mutabzala crescent, mbewuyo safunika kuthirira.
Pali njira yokonzera izi kuti zibzalidwe panthaka. Chifukwa cha izi, m'masiku otsiriza a Marichi kapena Epulo woyamba, muyenera kudzala tubers m'miphika yaying'ono. Kubzala kumachitika ndikuzama masentimita awiri mpaka atatu, pomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza ndi nthaka kapena dothi lochitidwa ndi uvuni kwa mphindi 40. Kutsirira kumachitika kamodzi kapena kawiri m'masiku 7, pomwe masiku 7 atsala musanatsanulidwe, muyenera kuumitsa calla. Kuti muchite izi, tsegulani zenera kwa nthawi yochepa. Ikani mbewuyo ndi dothi lapansi.
Yophukira
Mu nthawi yophukira, mbewuyi sinabzalidwe.
Kusamalira Munda wa Kalla
Kusamalira maluwa a calla sikudzabweretsa zovuta zapadera. Chachikulu ndikuthilira madzi munthawi yake ndikumasulira madziwo panthaka imeneyi. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kwadongosolo komanso koyenera, pomwe masiku otentha kuchuluka kwawo ndikuchulukirachulukira. Pakakhala kuti mutathira dothi musanabzale mbewu, ndiye kuti safunanso zakudya zina pakadakula. Komabe, ngati dothi mulibe acidic, muyenera kuthiririra ndi madzi, momwe muyenera kuwonjezera acetic kapena citric acid.
Zambiri za kukula m'nyumba
Kusokonezeka
M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imafuna kutentha 22 mpaka 25 madigiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira iyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti chipindacho sichizizira kuposa madigiri 14. Imafunikira kuunikira kwabwino, koma kumafunikiranso kugudubuka kuchokera kumayendedwe achindunji a dzuwa. Sililekerera kukonzekera. Acidity ya dothi iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi 6-6, pomwe peat yophatikizidwa ndi utuchi kapena sphagnum ikulimbikitsidwa kuti iwonjezedwe kunthaka yodzazidwa ndi michere. Kubzala, tubers amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mainchesi ake omwe ali ofanana ndi mainchesi 6. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mphika womwe mainchesi 25 ndi mainchesi 25, ndipo kuya kwa kubzala kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 5cm, pomwe tuber ikabzalidwe ndi mbali yapansi. Ma callas obzalidwa amayenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho lakonzedwa ku fungicide.
Chisamaliro
Kusamalira chinyumba choterocho ndikosavuta. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kolondola, monga tuber ikhoza kuyamba kuvunda. Pali chinyengo chaching'ono chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi woti mulingalire maluwa ndikuwonjezera kutalika kwa mtundu wa mabedi. Chifukwa chake, usiku, duwa liyenera kusungidwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 16, ndipo masana - limayikidwa pamalo abwino-oyaka (sipayenera kukhala kunyezimira mwachindunji kwa dzuwa). Zomwe zimachitika kuti distillation ichitika nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti calla ifunika kuwunikira kowonjezereka. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa masana sikuyenera kukhala kosakwana maola 10. Pakudyetsa gwiritsirani ntchito feteleza wamadzi woyenera (mwachitsanzo, "Kemira Lux"), pomwe umasungunuka m'madzi, pomwe umathiridwa ndi duwa. Ndipo amathira feteleza pamadzi ndi kuthirira kulikonse.
Momwe mungafalitsire
Mutha kufalitsa pogawa tchire, tubers, komanso mbewu. Komanso, njira yomaliza ndiyosadalirika komanso yayitali. Mutha kugawa chitsamba mu nthawi yophukira, ndipo ndi calla yekha waku Itiopiya ndi mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana yoyenera izi. Chifukwa chake, titakumba chomera, ndikofunikira kupatula mbewu kwa icho ndi chidutswa cha nthangala. Amabzala mumtsuko wodzadza ndi zosakaniza za dziko lapansi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ndikayamba kwa kasupe, umayikidwanso ndikuchokera panthaka. Mitundu ina ikhoza kufalitsidwa mosavuta ndi ma tubers. Kuti muchite izi, m'dzinja amakumbidwa ndikusungidwa nthawi yonse yozizira. Mu April, obzalidwa panthaka.
Zolemba pambuyo pa maluwa
Ma callas a Rhizome ndi tuberous ayenera kusamalidwa mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mu chomera cham'mimba, nthawi yokhala matalala imawonedwa mchilimwe ndikutulutsa kwa nyengo ya sultry. Chomera chimayamba kumera pang'onopang'ono, kenako nkuima kwathunthu, pomwe masamba amasintha mtundu kuti ukhale wachikaso. Kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo duwa liyenera kusamutsidwa kuti likhala lotseguka, ndikuyika m'malo otentha, otetezedwa ndi mvula. Kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, chomeracho chimayenera kuziwitsidwa, ndikumachotsa ana onse akale ndi masamba, ndikusintha dothi kukhala watsopano. Amayika malo owala bwino, amapereka kuthirira ndi kudyetsa nthawi zonse. Izi ndizomwe zimadetsa chomera. Ma callas obzala m'mundamo amakumbidwa m'dzinja, ndipo limodzi ndi mtanda wanthaka iwo umasungidwa m'malo abwino ndi owuma nthawi yonse yachisanu.
Zomera zazikulu kwambiri zikaphuka, chivundikiro chake chimakhala chobiriwira pang'ono ndi kutuluka. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu komanso owuma. Ma callas omwe adakulidwa mumsewu ayenera kukumbidwa mosamala mu 3 ya Seputembala. Nthaka yowonjezera imachotsedwa mu tubers ndikuyika kwa theka la mwezi m'malo ozizira (madigiri 5 mpaka 10). Izi zimalola michere kudutsa mu tuber kuchokera mlengalenga. Kenako masamba ofota ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Kusungidwa kwa calla yozizira
Pakatikati patali, callas sangathe kuzizira panja. Masamba ofiira ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikukutidwa ndi ma tubers. Amatsukidwa ndikuthiridwa kwa theka la ola mu yankho la manganese potaziyamu. Ndiponso, tubers amayenera kutsukidwa ndikusungidwa m'malo amdima mpaka atawuma. Pambuyo pa ma tubers amaikidwa m'matumba a pepala ndikusungidwa pamalo abwino, mwachitsanzo, m'mabokosi azomera mufiriji.
Chimbulu chofufuzirachi chikuyenera kusungidwa m'malo abwino osungirako, koma amathanso kusungidwa ngati tubers. Komabe, ziyenera kuyamba zouma pang'ono ndikuchotsazo masamba. Muyenera kuwunika kamodzi pa sabata momwe mbewu yobzala imamverera. Chifukwa chake, ngati kutentha kwambiri, kumayamba kuuma, ndipo ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, kuwola kumatha kuoneka.
Denga lanyumba kwa nthawi yopuma, monga lamulo, limasiyidwa mumtsuko. Amasamutsira ku loggia kapena khonde lozizira. M'malo momwe calla imasungidwa mwapadera nthawi yopuma, ndikupangitsa kukula kwina, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maluwa.
