"Muzu wa Moyo" - Ginseng

Mwa zamankhwala akale, kuyambira nthawi zakale, makamaka ku East Asia, malo otchuka amapatsidwa "muzu wamoyo" - ginseng. Amadziwika kuti amachiritsa pafupifupi matenda onse. Zachidziwikire, sizili choncho. Kafukufuku wa sayansi wokhudzana ndi zamankhwala okonzekera omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku mizu ya ginseng, yopangidwa ndi asayansi aku Soviet Union, adawonetsa kuti ali m'gulu la zinthu zosangalatsa komanso zopatsa chidwi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutopa ndi kutopa, kutopa, kugwira ntchito kwamatenda am'mimba komanso mitsempha yamkati, neurasthenia, komanso kukulitsa kukana kwa thupi kumatenda kapena zinthu zina zowononga chilengedwe. Zosakaniza za ginseng muzu ndi glycosides omwe amatchedwa panaxosides. Zachidziwikire, simungathe kudzipereka nokha. Popanda chidziwitso cha dokotala, sitipangira izi kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe apakamwa kuchokera ku "muzu wamoyo".

Real Ginseng (Panax ginseng) ndi masamba osatha a herbaceous ochokera kubanja la Araliaceae. Muzu wake ndi ndodo, cylindrical, nthambi, yoyera kapena yotumbululuka. Pamwambapo, muzu umodzi umakhala wofesedwa kwambiri pachaka chimodzi, womwe umayambira mu umodzi. Tsinde ndi lowongoka, losalala, mpaka 70cm kutalika, limatha ndi phokoso la masamba atatu kapena asanu azithunzi zazitali. Peduncle amanyamula maluwa ambiri okhala ndi ambulera yosavuta. Maluwa amakhala amitundu iwiri, nondescript, wotuwa pinki wokhala ndi zonona zoyera. Zipatso - zokhathamira, zokhala ngati mabulosi, zikacha, ndikupeza mtundu wofiira. Mbewu (nthanga) ndi zoyera chikasu, chowumbirira, chomangira, makwinya. Misa ya zidutswa 1000 za nyemba zatsopano 3540 g.

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ginseng imamera ku Primorsky komanso kumwera kwa Khabarovsk Territory, nthawi zambiri imakhala m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino za mitengo yamitengo yotalika mpaka 600 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Imapezeka m'makope amodzi, osadziwika ndi "mabanja" a 2 mpaka 20 kapena zambiri zam'mera. Zachilengedwe ndizochepa kwambiri, motero ginseng amalembedwa mu Red Book. Imalimidwa mochita ku Primorsky Territory, komwe minda yopangidwa mwapadera idapangidwa, mdera lamapiri la Stavropol Territory. Olima Amateur amalima ginseng m'malo osiyanasiyana mdzikolo.

Kwa iwo omwe akuyamba kumene kuchita nawo ntchito yosangalatsa iyi, koma yolimbikira ntchito, tikufuna kuwapatsa zambiri ndi upangiri wothandiza. Kuti mupewe mantha opanda pake komanso zokhumudwitsa zam'mbuyo, kumbukirani: ginseng amakula pang'onopang'ono. M'chaka choyamba, tsamba limodzi lokha lomwe lili ndi masamba atatu limapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu. M'chaka chachiwiri, ma sheet awiri okhala ndi masamba 3-5 amawonekera. Kukula kokulirapo kumachulukira, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka chachisanu, mbewu zimafika kutalika kwa 40-70 masentimita, kukhala ndi masamba 5, lirilonse lomwe lili ndi masamba 4-5. Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kwa mizu kumachitika mchaka chachitatu chamasamba, pomwe mbewu zimayamba kubala zipatso, kuyambira chaka cha 4, anthu onse omwe amapanga zipatso zambiri amapatsa mbewu. Pa chomera chimodzi, zidutswa 40-100 zimapangidwa. Akuluakulu - 5-7 mm mulitali, 4-5 mm mulifupi ndi 1.5-3 mm wandiweyani.

M'mbewu za ginseng, mluza umapangidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, zofesedwa kumene mwatsopano zimamera pokhapokha miyezi 18 mpaka 22, ndiye kuti, mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Kuti mupeze mbande pachaka chofesa, kufunikira kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mbeu kumafunika (zina zambiri pansipa).

Ginseng nthawi zambiri imamera mbande. Mbande amatchedwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Zabzalidwe bwino kwambiri mu kugwa. Ndizotheka kumayambiriro koyambirira, isanayambike regrowth, koma izi zimachepetsa kupulumuka kwa mbewu. Nthawi zina mizu ya ginseng, yomwe imawonongeka nthawi zambiri, siyimangokhala mphukira kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, ngati kuti "mumagona", kenako ndikubala zipatso.

Dera lomwe likukula liyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zomwe zikupezeka, ili pafupi ndi kasupe wamadzi wothirira ndipo khalani ndi malo otsetsereka pang'ono oyenda ndikusungunuka ndi madzi amvula.

Chinyezi chadothi chakukula kwa ginseng ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chomera sichimalola kukokoloka kwa madzi - ngakhale kusefukira kwakanthawi kwa malowo ndikusungunuka kapena madzi amvula amachititsa kuti afe. Ndipo nthawi imodzimodziyo, mizu yopanda malire imapangitsa ginseng kuti azindikira chilala komanso mphepo zowuma. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa komanso yonyowa.

Ginseng akufuna padziko lapansi. Zabwino kwambiri kwa izo ndi zotayirira, zotulutsa madzi bwino, pang'onopang'ono (pH 5.2-6.5), dothi lamchenga komanso loamy wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a humus (6 - 10%).

Kukonzekera kwa dothi kumachitika pasadakhale. Amayamba m'dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo kwa zaka 1.5-2 amathandizira pansi pa nthunzi yakuda, kumasula mwadongosolo. Feteleza zachilengedwe zimathandiza bwino munthaka komanso mankhwala munthaka - manyowa, masamba ndi matabwa humus, komanso kompositi wazaka 2-3.

Feteleza zachilengedwe ndi michere zimayambitsidwa pansi pa bedi lofunikira pang'onopang'ono musanadule zitulu. 6-8 makilogalamu a humus kapena kompositi, 25-30 g ya superphosphate ndi 5-8 g ya potaziyamu mankhwala enaake amawonjezera pa 1 m2 kumadera omwe mbande zimadzalidwa. Momwe ginseng imadzakulidwa, 10-12 kg ya feteleza wachilengedwe, 40-45 g wa superphosphate ndi 15-16 g wa potaziyamu klorayidi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 m2.

Ginseng salekerera kuthamanga kwa dothi, imakonda kukhudzidwa makamaka ndi nitrate. Mlingo wokulirapo wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni amathandizira kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda ndi matenda.

Pofuna kukonza nthaka m'nthaka, kumathandizira mchenga wozungulira (20-50 kg / m2) ndi boiler slag wamalaala (10 kg / m2).

Ginseng ndi mtengo wololera mthunzi. Samalolera kuti pakhale dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, imakulidwa ndi ma shading okumba kapena pansi pa mitengo.

Kusweka ndi kudula kwa zitunda kumayambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala, milungu iwiri kapena itatu kubzala kwa ginseng. Nthawi yomweyo, zitunda zakonzedwa kuti zifesere masika ndi mbewu. Amapezeka komwe akuchokera kummawa kupita kumadzulo. Kutalika ndi 25-30 cm, m'lifupi ndi 90-100 cm, ndipo kutalika ndikwakutsutsana. Pakati pa zitunda pangani masiketi 70-90 cm.Dothi limasulidwa ndikudulidwamo, makamaka komwe mbande zimamera.

Omwe alimi ambiri amapanga zitunda kuchokera kuzinthu zosakanizika ndi dothi. Zomwe zikuluzikulu ndi masamba humus, peat moss, nthaka yamtchire, humus ndowe, utuchi wowongoka, slag wamalaala ndi ena ambiri. Kuchokera pamatabwa amapanga kutalika kwa 25-30 cm, komwe kumadzazidwa ndi kusakaniza.

Mbeu zobzalidwa zobzala mbande zofesedwa kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi woyamba. Pakuchulukana, amasakanikirana ndi mchenga woyeretsedwa wowerengeka wa 1: 3 mwa voliyumu ndikusungidwa kutentha kwa 18-20 ° mumvula yonyowa pang'ono. Nthawi yotentha ya stratation imatha miyezi 5-6. Munthawi imeneyi, zimasungunuka mwadongosolo kamodzi, pamwezi, ndikulekanitsidwa ndi mchenga, wowuma ndi kuwola, kenako osakanizika ndi mchenga ndikupitilira kupirira kutentha. Munthawi ya matenthedwe, kukula kwa mluza. Pakutha kwa mbewu zake ndi fupa lotseguka zimayenera kukhala osachepera 80-90%.

Nthawi yotsiriza itatha, mbewu zimasakanizidwanso ndi mchenga wonyowa pang'ono muyezo womwewo ndikuyika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena firiji, pomwe zimasungidwa kale kutentha kwa 1 - 4 °. Gawo lozizira la stratation limatha miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu. Pamapeto pa nthawi imeneyi, mbewu zimasungidwa mpaka kufesa pa glacier kapena mufiriji pamtunda wa 0 °.

Asanabzale, amalekanitsidwa ndi mchenga ndikuwotchekera pamchenga. Mbewu zokhala ndi mayendedwe athunthu kuti zilimbikitse kumera zimapatsidwa chithandizo cha 0,05% ya boric acid kapena 0,2% yankho la potaziyamu wa potaziyamu kwa mphindi 30.

Mbewu zokhala ndi vuto losakwanira nthawi yayitali (zitatu zosakwana miyezi itatu) zimachiritsidwa ndi njira ya 0.02% gibberillin musanafesere kwa maola 23 kenako ndikutsukidwa m'madzi ozizira.

Mbewu zobzalidwa mu August muzoyenera kukhala zakonzeka kubzala mu Meyi chaka chamawa.

Zingwe zomwe zakonzedwa mu yophukira zimasulidwa ndikuzama masentimita 10-15, ndikuzikongoletsa ndikuyika chizindikiro ndi bolodi yokhala ndi mizere yayitali masentimita 4. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa pamanja m'matumba omwe amalembera chizindikiro, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakutidwa ndi dothi. Mbewu zimabzikiridwa ndi masamba kapena dothi la m'nkhalango, utuchi watsopano wokhala ndi masentimita 1.5 - 2. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuthirira pang'ono. Mphukira zimawonekera patatha masiku 15 mpaka 20 mutabzala.

Mbewu zofesedwa kumene mu September. Kukonzekera kwa zitunda ndi njira yofesera ndi yofanana ndi kufesa mbewu zosanjidwa. Mphukira zimawonekera mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Chisanu chikachitika, zitunda zimapangidwanso ndi masamba okhala ndi masentimita 6 - 7.

Mizu wazaka ziwiri wazibzalira kumapeto kwa Seputembala - theka loyamba la Okutobala. Nthawi yomweyo musanabzike, mapalewo amalembedwa 20X20 kapena 25X20 cm. Kuti mbande zapachaka, malo odyetserawa ayenera kukhala 6X4 cm, kwa biennials - 8X4 - kapena 10 × 5 cm pa chomera chilichonse. M'mitsime, mbande zimayikidwa pakadali 30-45 ° mpaka pansi, kuti mitu ya mizu ndi impso ikhale yakuya masentimita 4-5. Mukabzala, mizu imawongoka ndikuphimbidwa ndi dothi, ndikuyipangira pang'ono. Ndiye zitunda amazikanda ndi utuchi watsopano, utuchi kapena masamba a humus okhala ndi masentimita 2 - 3, komanso kuphatikizira nyengo yachisanu. Pamene kasupe kubzala madzi.

Amakumba masamba azaka ziwiri asanabzalidwe, masambawa atatha, kuyesera pang'ono zowonongera ngakhale mizu yaying'ono kwambiri komanso nthawi yachisanu, pomwe gawo lakuzomera limamera. Mizu yake imakhala yowonongeka, yokhazikika (yosakwana 0.3 g) ndipo odwala amachotsedwa.

Kukula kwakula kwa ginseng kumayamba kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi koyambirira, kumatulutsa mu June, zipatso zimacha mu Ogasiti. Chapakatikati, ginseng imakhala ndi chisanu chaching'ono, koma masamba omwe amamvera kwambiri kuzizira amafa opanda 4-5 °. Mukugwa, chisanu cha 5-7 ° chimawononga masamba. Timalimbikitsa kuphimba zitulu ndi mbewu zokhala ndi utuchi wouma wokhala ndi masentimita 4-5 kapena masamba - 6-7 masentimita kwa nthawi yozizira. Malo oterowo amakupatsani mwayi kuti mupulumutse mbewu ngakhale mu chisanu chambiri. Muyenera kudziwa zoyipa kuposa chisanu, ginseng imalekerera nyengo yotentha yokhala ndi thaws ndi mvula pafupipafupi.. Zikatere, mizu imavunda ndipo mbewuyo imafa.

Chapakatikati chisanu chitasungunuka, zitunda zimachotsedwa pamalowo ndikuyika zida za attenuation. Ntchitoyi iyenera kumalizidwa kumera mbande zam'mera zisanafike.

Kuti mupeze ginseng pangani zishango zingapo, zoyikidwa pazithunzi zolimba. Zipilala za mafelemu zimakhazikitsidwa m'mbali mwa zitunda pa mtunda wa mamita 2-3 kuchokera pachilichonse, kutengera zinthu zomwe zikupezeka. Kutalika kwa mizati kuchokera pamwamba pa zitunda mbali yakum'mwera kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 1 mita, ndipo kumpoto - 1,2 - 1.5 m .Tchinga zishango zimagwiritsa ntchito matabwa, slate ndi zinthu zina. Kukula kwa zikopa kumatengera m'lifupi mwa zitunda. Zowoneka zimapangidwa mbali zonse ziwiri kuti ateteze m'mbali mwa zotchingira dzuwa.

Pakati pa mseu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zishango za matabwa okhala ndi mipata ya 0.5-1 masentimita. Ena alimi amateteza mitengo ya ginseng, kuyika nthambi za mitengo yolumikizira mafelemu. Koma m'malo omwe mbande zimamera, zishango ziyenera kukhala zonenepa.

Kutsegula koyamba kwa kuya kwa masentimita 2-3 kumachitika asanadutse masamba a dzinja. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti zisawononge impso ndi mizu. Pambuyo pake, dothi limamasulidwa ndipo namsongole amasulidwa. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsata njira pakati pa zitunda ndi gawo loyandikana ndi kotsala.

Munthawi yotentha ndi yowuma, mbewu zimamwetsedwa (nthawi ya maluwa ndi zipatso - tsiku ndi tsiku).

Kuphatikiza mchere kumagwiridwa katatu pakulima ndi kuthirira (0,1-0.2%, ndiye kuti, 10 - 20 g pa 10 l yamadzi - zothetsera zovuta kapena zosakanizira feteleza pamlingo wa 2 - 3 l / m2).

Mu nthawi yophukira, gawo la mlengalenga limadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.

Zokolola m'mbuyomu pomwe zipatso zimatenga mtundu wofiira kwambiri. Izi zimachitika mu Ogasiti. Amalekanitsidwa ndi zamkati ndi kupukuta pa sume, kutsukidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi madzi mpaka zamkati ndi mbewu za puny zomwe zimayandama pamwamba zimachotsedwa kwathunthu. Kenako amakhala pansi, ndikulola madzi ochulukirapo kukhuthala ndikuwuma pang'ono mumthunzi, nthawi zina. Lumitsani pafupifupi tsiku limodzi. Kuuma kwanyengoyi kumachepetsa ntchito ya mbewu ndikukupangitsani kuti zimere. Zikauma, mbewu zimataya msanga mphamvu zake, kuti zisungidwe mumchenga wonyowa pang'ono.

Mukamayanika, mbewu za mtundu wa bulauni kapena zofiirira zimasankhidwa.

Mawu ochepa onena za chitetezo cha mbewu. Mizu yake imatulutsidwa ndi mankhwala kwa mphindi 10 musanabzalire 1% yankho la Bordeaux fluid. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa nthawi ya kukula, akugwiritsa ntchito maula a 6-8. Loyamba ndi pomwe masamba amawonekera ndi yankho la 0.5%, pomwe ena omwe ali ndi yankho la 1%.

Ziwalo zonse za mmera zimathandizidwa ndi fungicide - masamba, ma peduncle, maambulera omwe ali ndi zipatso komanso kunja kwa masamba.

Zomera zikakhudzidwa ndi mwendo wakuda, mbande zimamwetsedwedwa katatu ndi 0,5% yankho la potaziyamu ya potaziyamu ndi nthawi ya masiku 7-10.

Pokana nsabwe za m'masamba, mbozi, masamba am'madzi ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayipitsa nthito za kumtunda kwa mbewu, pyrethrum (2-4 g / m2) kapena 1 - 1.5,% kuyimitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mawayilesi amagwidwa ndi nyambo yochokera ku mbatata. Chimbalangondo chimawonongedwa mothandizidwa ndi nyambo zakuphwa, zomwe zimalowetsedwa munthaka ndikuya masentimita 3 - 5. Ziphuphu za grouse zimasankhidwa pamanja. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a typhoid kapena zoocoumarin poizoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi mbewa. Amayala mabowo kapena kuthira m'machubu okukulungani ndi pepala. Ma Slugs nawonso amagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo. Mutha kupukutira ziwembu zamadzulo za chimango chatsopano.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito: