Chosasamala kwambiri, chosasamalika komanso chosasangalatsa kwa nthumwi zonse za zinnia ndichopapatiza. Ichi ndi chomera chodabwitsa komanso chomakula pakokha, chomwe chimatha kupirira bwino ndi gawo la ntchentche yapadziko lonse lapansi. Iyenera kukhala itakula chaka chilichonse. Koma zoyesayesa zonse zimabwezera zabwino zomera izi. Masamba owoneka bwino ndi maluwa osalala owala bwino amasintha mapilo opendekera a zipatso zachilimwe kukhala mawonekedwe okongoletsa a minda yamaluwa yachilimwe.
Njere-leve zinnia - mawonekedwe a kulima ndi malo m'munda.
Zinezi zoperewera komanso zowoneka bwino
Ziphuphu zophatikiza ndi njerezi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kuti wachibale wa nyenyeziyo, yemwe adaberekanso kutchuka kwamakedzana. Koma kumuwona ngati chomera wopanda luso kungakhale cholakwika chachikulu. Izi zinnia zimatha kupereka zovuta ku mitundu ya nyenyezi ndi ma hybrids ndikudabwitsidwa ndikukongoletsa kwambiri kuposa momwe mungayembekezere. Timakondanso kumutcha zinnia waku Mexico. Mtengowu ulidi mliri wa ku Mexico ndipo uli pakati pa ntchentche zaku Mexico kapena Central American.
Zinnia yopapatiza (Zinnia angustifolia) - yaying'ono, yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri komanso masamba owuma masamba pachaka. Ichi ndi chomera chofanana komanso chosavomerezeka, monga zinnias zonse, koma ndi masamba okongoletsa kwambiri. Kuchititsa chidwi kwamaluwa ndi maluwa obiriwira pamtengowu ndiwofanana, zomwe zimatipatsa mwayi kuti zithe mitundu ya zinnia ndi mitundu yake yam'madzi monga chilimwe chonse.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa tchire mu zinnias zopanikizika kumakhala masentimita 30, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imakhala chomera chofanana kwambiri. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mitunduyo mukadzala bwino ndi masentimita 40. Mbewuyo imamera ngati mawonekedwe wandiweyani, wolimba bwino kuyambira pansi, chitsamba chowongoka ndi mphukira yolimba, yolimba, komanso yamphamvu.
Chifukwa cha nthambi, mbewuyo, ikabzala m'magulu, imapanga mitundu yambiri yokongola yomwe imawoneka yokongola ngakhale isanafike maluwa kapena maluwa ochepa. Masamba ocheperako ndiye mwayi waukulu wamitundu iyi. Amasiya lanceolate, sessile, yokhala ndi mfundo yaying'ono, koma yodutsa. Kutalika kofika mpaka 5-6 masentimita, maziko a masamba m'lifupi ndi ochepa mpaka 2 cm.
Pa mphukira, masamba amakonzedwa awiriawiri. Utoto wa zinnia zobiriwira-zopendekera-zokha zimangowonjezera kukopa kwake. Osakhala amdima, koma wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mithunzi yotentha amasiyanitsa bwino ndi maluwa obiriwira ambiri achilimwe komanso zopangidwa pachaka.
Nthawi yamaluwa ya zinnia nyembambaifolia imapitilira kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, pomwe chomerachi chikuphatikizana ndi kwaya kwa eni munda wamaluwa omwe wafika pachimake pa maluwa, ndipo imapitilira mpaka mundawo utamangidwa ndi kupuma kwa nyengo yachisanu. Nthawi zina, nyengo yabwino, nthawi ya chilimwe komanso yoyambilira yophukira, mbewu zimaphukira ngakhale itangoyamba kumene kuzizira, komabe sizingathe kulekerera chisanu.
Mitengo yokhotakhota yokhotakhota ndi mabasiketi wamba osavuta okhala ndi malo otetezera maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi mabango opanga bwalo lolimba. Madengu a zinnia yopapatiza-levedu osazungulira 4 masentimita, masikono ocheperako amakwaniritsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa maluwa.
Maonekedwe a zinnia yopapatiza-akuwoneka kuti ndi osasangalatsa. Mitundu ya chikasu choyera, choyera, chofiirira, chamaluwa chamabango ndi chamdima kapena mithunzi yamalanje ya mabango - zonsezi ndi njira. Zomera zosiyanasiyananso, maziko kapena maluwa a bango nthawi zina amasiyanasiyana chifukwa cha malo owala a bulauni kapena lalanje.
Zinnias zopendekera ndi zipatso. Zomera zimapanga udzu wowonda, wopanda mawonekedwe, osati wokongola kwambiri, wobala mbewu zazikulu ndi zomera mpaka zaka zinayi.
Maonekedwe a zinnia yopapatiza-akuwoneka kuti ndi osasangalatsa.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zosakaniza za zinnia nyembambaleaf
Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya zinnia yopapatiza-lopanda matendawa sichitha kupikisana ndi zinnia zokongola, koma cholowa chimakupatsani mwayi wosankha mbewu pazipangidwe zamtundu uliwonse komanso phale lautoto aliyense. Kusankhidwa kwa mbewuyi makamaka ndi cholinga chofuna kupeza mitundu yosakanikirana ndi mitundu yokongola komanso kuchuluka kwa zipatso, komanso mitundu yokhala ndi mabasiketi ang'onoang'ono a inflorescence achikuda omwe amatha kutulutsa chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu. Mitundu payokha imakhala yocheperako kuposa zosakaniza zamitundu mitundu.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya zinnia yopapatiza-pamavedwa ndi nthano zopeka:
- kalasi "Old Mexico" (Mexico wakale) - zinnia zoopsa zamoto zokhala ndi ma inflorescence ofiira owoneka bwino pomwe malangizo a ndimu achikasu a maluwa mabango akuwoneka bwino;
- kalasi Glorienstein (Glorienschein) - yaying'ono, yodumphika mpaka 25cm kutalika kwake ndi mabasiketi ang'ono koma owala a inflorescence okhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni komanso maziko a malalanje a mabango, okhazikitsidwa ndi malo owala a lalanje;
- kalasi Sombrero (Sombrero- - zinnia zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi masamba okongola komanso mabasiketi ofiira ofiira a inflorescence, okongoletsedwa ndi malire oopsa amoto.
Kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana kwakhala nthano zenizeni ndipo wamaluwa ambiri amakonda kulima zinnia yopanda nthambi zenizeni ngati kuli kotheka kuti apangidwe, ngakhale atakhala ndi thumba limodzi la njere.
Mtundu wosakaniza kwambiri ndi "Wanyamuleti waku Persia" (Makatoni aku Persian), yoperekedwa ndi aliyense wopanga mbewu za pachaka ndi mtundu wawo. Uku ndi kusakaniza kwa zinnias ndi mitundu yofiirira, yachikaso ndi yofiirira ya inflorescence yaying'ono, yomwe, chifukwa cha masamba owonda, imapanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi makapeti.
Mitundu ina ya zinnia yopendekera-modutsa imapezekanso:
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana Zakale (Zakale) ndi phale loyera-lalanje-lalanje ndi zitsamba zokwawa zomwe zimakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito chomera ngati chivundikiro cha chaka ndi chaka;
- zosakaniza zokwawa "Nyenyezi" (Nyenyezi yowala) yokhala ndi utoto wachikasu cha lalanje ndi masamba akuda kwambiri, mphukira zoonda kwambiri komanso zophukira, amathanso kukhala wamkulu ngati chivundikiro cha chaka;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana Sweetie (Maswiti) - zodabwitsa za pinki-zoyera-zachikaso ndi lalanje zinnias ndi maswiti a pastel shades of color;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana Mzere wa Lollipop (Chithunzi Mzere) ndi mabulosi achikasu, ofiira komanso amitundu ya chitumbuwa cha inflorescence.
Njoka-leve zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia), kalasi "Sombrero" (Sombrero).
Njirayo-leve zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia), "Old Mexico" yakale (Old Mexico).
Narrow-leaved zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia), sakanizani "Maswiti" (Maswiti).
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinnia nyembambaleaf pakupanga kwamunda
Chinrow-leaved zinnia ndi chilengedwe chosadzionetsera, chomwe chiri bwino kusakonda iwo omwe amakonda kupitiliza kulima pang'ono, osapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Chomera ichi, choyambirira kuphatikiza kudzikuza ndi mitundu yambiri ya chilimwe, ndi nyengo yotentha yonse.
Njirayi-leve zinnia ndichisankho choyenera kwambiri cha nyimbo zachilengedwe ndi mtundu wowala. M'minda ya nostalgic ndi agogo aakazi, amawonetsera mawonekedwe ake apamwamba a mphesa, makamaka ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma ngakhale mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, zinnia izi zimatha kupanga mphamvu yokongoletsa ngati kapeti wamtchire kapena zithunzi.
Zinnia-leve-ezineved zingabzalidwe mumitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- zamabedi a maluwa a "chintz" ndi malo owala;
- zokongoletsa za kapinga;
- kutseka voids;
- mumapangidwe ophatikizidwa kapena katapeti;
- kupanga mzere wotsika kapena chingwe chokhotakhota;
- m'maluwa otsika maluwa kuchokera pachaka;
- ngati chivundikiro kapena maluwa ambiri;
- monga njira ina m'malo duwa loyenda;
- kukongoletsa mundawo, makamaka kubzala kosakanikirana pamabedi okongoletsera.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri za zinnia podzaza zazikulu ndi zotengera ndi mabedi amaluwa amiyala. Njirayi yopanda waya, ngakhale ingakhale yotsika mchisomo mpaka m'mazere otsika a zinnia mokongola, imawoneka bwino pakupanga kwa dimba labalidwa ndi khonde.
Kwa zinnia yopapatiza ngati mnzake, nyengo yachilimwe yopanda chitsamba ndiyabwino kwambiri - ma aster apachaka, marigolds ndi calendula, verbena onunkhira bwino komanso zovala zamasiku ano za Turkey.
Zinnia yopapatiza-amawoneka bwino pakuwumbidwa kwa dimba loumbika komanso khonde.
Zambiri za kukula kwa zinnia
Wokonda wachikondi komanso wofunda, wazingwe komanso wopendekera m'munda angakonde malo otentha, osawomba kwambiri. Magawo akum'mwera ofunda azigwirizana ndi bukuli la chilimwe komanso momwe zingathere. Komwe kukonzekera kolimba kumalamulira, ndibwino kuteteza zinnia ndikusankhidwa ndi okwera.
Zinnia zamtunduwu zimamera bwino m'dothi lililonse lotayirira. Ndikofunika kupewetsa dothi la acidic ndi calcare, kusintha momwe amachitidwira. Zinthu zokhwima zomwe feteleza ndi michere ya mineral zimalola maluwa ochulukirapo, koma izinia amakula bwino mu dothi la "pafupifupi" lililonse. Zomera sizilekerera zinthu zachilengedwe.
Kubzala zinnia nyembambaleaf
Mbeu zotsalira ndi zotsalira zimabzalidwa malinga ndi malamulo ena onse. Pa lalikulu ikamatera, mutha kuyika mizere, koma ndikofunikira kuyika maenje ang'onoang'ono omwe anakumbidwa ndi kukula kwa mbande zadothi. Chomera sichimawopa kulumikizana ndi mizu, koma mwanjira imeneyi chimasinthana ndi nthawi yayitali komanso kumatulutsa pambuyo pake. Mtunda wocheperako nthawi yobzala ndi wofanana ndi mtengo wotalikirapo wa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri zinnias zopyapyala zimabzalidwa 25 cm pakati pa tchire.
M'madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, zinnia zopyapyala zimabzalidwa kokha mu June, kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu. M'madera akumwera, mbande zitha kubzalidwa mu Meyi.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira zofunika
Zinnias zotsika ndi mbewa zimateteza chilala modabwitsa. Ngati sitikulankhula za chilala chambiri, chomera chimatha kuthirira popanda kuthirira. Ngati nyengo ndiyotentha, mkati mwa maluwa nthawi yotentha, ulimi wothirira 1-2 umachitika ndikunyowetsa nthaka.
Ndikwabwino kudziwa ngati kuthilira zinnia ndikofunikira malinga ndi momwe masamba adatsikira: kutsika kwawo osawongolera m'mawa kukuwonetsa kuti mbewuyo ikusowa chinyontho. Ndikofunika kuthirira tchire lakuda pang'ono, popanda kuwaza masamba, komanso - inflorescence. Zinni zaumbika zimathiriridwa pambuyo pometsa dothi mpaka theka.
Kudulira ndikusintha mbewu
Kuti zinnia zopapatiza ndizikhala pachimake kwa nthawi yayitali, ndibwino kuti chomera chithe kuchotsa inflorescence mwachangu munthawi yake ndikuletsa mbewu kuti isade. Ngati zokongoletsera zimatayika pakagwa mvula yambiri, mutha kusankha masamba owonongeka kapena mphukira. Mtengo ukadzala ndi chisanu, zinnia zimatha kuchotsedwa pamabedi amaluwa: tchire zotsika, ngakhale nthangala zakhwima, sizingadzitamande zokongoletsa ndipo sizikupanga nzeru kuzisiyira mpaka kuphukira.
Kuti zinnia zopyapyala ndiziphulika kwa nthawi yayitali, ndibwino kuti chomerachotseke nthawi yake.
Feteleza kwa zinnia yopapatiza-leved
Akakulidwa panthaka yathanzi, zinnias zopendekera sizingadyetsedwe. Kuti mupeze maluwa ochulukirapo pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa maluwa oyamba, mutha kuphatikiza feteleza ndi michere yonse ya mchere mu mulingo woyenera. Zitsulo zopyapyala zozungulira, zimadyetsedwa pakadutsa milungu itatu iliyonse, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta pokonzera chaka kapena mbewu zamkati.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Mosiyana ndi zinnia zokongola, odwala matendawa samadwala. Ndi pokhapokha ngati pamtunda wakuda womwe ungakhale wopanda chinyezi womwe ungatulutse maluwa amtundu wa ufa kapena kuwonekera pamtunda, vutoli litha kuthana ndi njira imodzi yokha - kuchotsa ndikuwonongeka kwa magawo kapena mbewu zowonongeka.
Nkhono zimadya zin mtundu wamtunduwu zopanda zochepa kuposa zinnias zabwino.
Kufalitsa kwa Zinnia nyembambaleaf
Ngakhale kupilira kwakukulu, zinnia zopapatiza zimaberekedwanso makamaka mbande komanso mbewu (kupatula kum'mwera komwe kumakhala nyengo yofunda, pomwe mbewuyo ingabzalidwe mu dothi lokha mu Epulo-Meyi koyambirira). Zaka zopambana, kufesa kumapeto kwa Meyi kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza zinnias za nyimbo za nthawi yophukira.
Mukabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha mu Meyi, maluwa amachedwetsedwa kwa milungu ingapo. M'nthaka, mbewu zimafesedwa ndikuzama pafupifupi masentimita 1-2, pamtunda pang'ono, m'mizere, osakulitsa mbewu. Mbande zimayamba kufera mbewuzo zikangokulira.
Kwa mbande, njere zimaphikidwa kale ndikufesedwa mu dothi labwino lopatsa thanzi mpaka masentimita 1. Mwakuwala kowala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kosachepera madigiri 22 pansi pagalasi kapena filimu ya zinnia iphuka mwachangu. Galasi imachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zimakula mwachangu. Mukatambasula, pezani nthaka kuti iphukire. Zinnia imalowa pansi potulutsa pepala lenileni kapena lachitatu.
