Nikandra ndi munthu wamlengalenga yemwe, ngakhale ali ndi mankhwala amtengo wapatali komanso mawonekedwe okongoletsa, amakhalabe mlendo osowa m'minda yathu masiku ano. Zosasamala kusamalira, zolimba, zosaganizira, zazikulu, zokongola za ku Peru izi zimapambana ndi zipatso zake zofanana ndi zipatso, ndi maluwa okongola a lilac, ndi masamba akulu. Kukongoletsa komanso kumatulutsa mosalekeza, Nikandra amatha kudula komanso kumabedi a maluwa, monga wolemba yekha komanso wama ensembles osakanikirana. Ali ndi matalente ambiri mwakuti munthu amatha kusankha chomera monga woyimira mutu wa chimodzi mwazina zachilengedwe.
Physandis Nicandra (Nicandra physalode). © Lotus JohnsonNikandra ndi maluso osiyanasiyana
Maluwa okongoletsera pachaka, duwa lokongola louma, chomera cha kuchiritsa - awa si mathero a talente ya Nikandra. Ichi ndi chosiyana ndi chomera choyang'ana koyamba, chikangowoneka m'mundamu, nthawi yomweyo chimakopa chidwi. Zachidziwikire, kusowa kwa kukhudzika kopitilira muyeso komanso chidziwitso chatsamba sikumakhala koyipa nthawi zonse. Nikandra ndi imodzi mwazikhalidwe zomwe momwe kukongola sikumawululidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mbewu ku Nicandra, koma ndi buku limodzi lokha lomwe ladzalidwa ngati umodzi - Physalis Nicander (nicandra physalodes) Dzinalo la chomera chodabwitsachi limasonyezeratu mawonekedwe a chipatsocho. Wamphamvu, wamphamvu, voluminous physaliside nicandra makamaka ndiwowoneka modabwitsa. Mtengo wa chilimwewu umatalika pafupifupi mita imodzi (ndipo m'nthaka yachonde umakula mpaka 1.5 m) ndipo umawerengedwa kuti ndi mbewu yayitali, yokhoza kupanga makatani amphamvu. Pakati pa mitundu ya nicandra, mutha kupeza mitundu yotsika, ya squat pafupifupi 30 cm (mawonekedwe ochepera). Kutalika kwa nicandra sikumakula mwachangu monga kutalika, kukhala ochepa mpaka 80 cm mulifupi tchire lalitali. Masamba ndi akulu, oonda, opatsa chidwi, pa petioles lalitali, ali ndi malire akuluakulu. Chifukwa cha masamba owoneka bwino, nikandra imawoneka ngati chimphona chenicheni.
Physandis Nicandra (Nicandra physalode). © Rome MaximeMaluwa a Nikandra m'mimba mwake ndi ochepa masentimita 3. Lilac yowala, yokhala ndi kamvekedwe kabuluu kozizira, imawoneka zachilendo kwambiri. Kunja, amafanana ndi nyali zaku China, zomwe zimangokhala ngati zopachika nthambi zamtchire. Ndipo pharynx yoyera mkati mwa corolla amapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino kwambiri. Pambuyo maluwa, zipatso zazikulu zimamangirizidwa ndi nyali yoyenda ndi bulangeti, yomwe imakongoletsa mbewuyo mosachepera maluwa.
Maluwa nikandra amapitiliza mpaka madutsa oyamba, amagawika mafunde angapo. Pambuyo pa maluwa akulu mphukira, zipatso zimayamba kupanga, koma tchire limatulutsa mwachangu mphukira ndipo nthambi zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati zikutenga baton ku mphukira zazikulu.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yazoyambira, palinso mitundu yokongoletsera ya nikandra:
- physaliside nicandra mawonekedwe a ruber okhala ndi masamba akuda ndi ofiirira, petioles ofiira;
- Mitundu ya Black Pod imawoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha maluwa ake ozungulira, ozungulira-owoneka bwino komanso amtundu wakuda kwambiri.
Physandis Nicandra (Nicandra physalode). © Colin JacobsPokongoletsa malo, Nikandra amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- kwa otchulira kamodzi ndi kuwongolera udzu;
- kupanga maziko oyambira;
- kudzaza ma voids pakati ndi kumbuyo kwa mabedi a maluwa ndi rabatok;
- kupanga ma ensembles obisalirapo m'makoma ndi mipanda;
- kutsindika zomangamanga - pakhonde, ndima, masitepe, masitima, masitima apamtunda;
- ngati voliyetric filler ya ensembles, wosasunthika kwakanthawi;
- ngati mbeu yodulira masamba okhazikika ndi owuma (nthambi zokhala ndi zipatso zimafunika kudulidwa kuti zisazizire chisanu).
Mikhalidwe Imafunikira ndi Nicandra
Nikandra akhoza kukhala otetezeka pakati pa oyendetsa ndege omwe amatha kukhazikika nthawi zonse. Mtengowo umakongoletsa kwambiri m'malo a dzuwa, koma osawopa kuwala kwa shading. Choyipitsitsa chowunikira, ndichuma chochulukacho chidzaphukira, pomwe msipuwo sukusintha. Koma nicandra saopa zolemba.
Undemanding ndi nicandra ku dothi. Ayenera kukhala opepuka, okhala ndi ngalande komanso zakudya zabwino. Panthaka yodzala, chomera sichitha kuwonetsa mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa chake ndibwino kusintha mawonekedwe a nthaka mukadzala, kapena kulimbitsa chisamaliro ndikupereka umuna, zomwe zingapangitse nicandra kukula bwino.
Bokosi la mbewu la Nicandra. © Colin JacobsKufika kwa Nicandra
Kubzala nthaka isanakhazikike kumachitika pokhapokha dothi loipa kapena kusowa kwa madzi okwanira. Kumbani dothi mwakuya, maulendo awiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa organic kanthu, mwachitsanzo, kompositi, kapena kuyambitsa zinthu zoyipitsidwa ndi feteleza wathunthu wama mineral "amagwira ntchito bwino".
Mukabzala mbande, ndibwino kusamalira bwino kwambiri nyererezo: bwino mutapulumutsa dothi, ndiye kuti nicandra imasintha ndikukhazikika. Mutabzala, nicandra imafunika kuthirira kosiyanasiyana.
Ichi ndi chilimwe chachikulu chilimwe, koma osawopa nkhukuta. Tchire la Nicandra libzalidwe mtunda wa 30 mpaka 40 cm pakati pa mbeu, chifukwa izi zimakongola kumtunda, ndipo sizimakula msanga.
Physandis Nicandra (Nicandra physalode). © ChironiusChisamaliro cha Nicandra
Chomera chobadwa ku Peru chimalekerera chilala ndipo chimawerengedwa ndi mbewu zosagwira chilala. Kuthirira pafupipafupi, komanso mwadongosolo sikofunikira kwa Nikandra, ndikokwanira kungoyendera maluwa ndi kuthilira m'masiku otentha kwambiri (kulipirira kutentha kwambiri). Nicandra amakonda njira zakuya koma zosowa kwambiri.
Chakudya chamasamba chidzafunika kokha munthaka zosauka. Kwa nikandra, pomwe nthaka sinayende bwino nthawi yobzala, nthawi yonseyo muyenera kuyiyika ndi madzi kuthirira feteleza. Mwamwayi, munthu wa chilimwe uyu amadzimva kukoma akamadyetsedwa feteleza wokwanira wama mineral, komanso akamagwiritsa ntchito organics (mwachitsanzo, mullein solution). Nthawi zambiri umuna umakhala mwezi uliwonse kuyambira nthawi yobzala m'nthaka.
Nicandra atavutika ndi chisanu choyamba, munthu sayenera kuyembekezera kubwezeretsa tchire. Kumbani iwo nthawi yomweyo ndikungotaya pamalowo, kapena kuwononga. Mukayamba kuchita izi, ndibwino kuti: nikander yayikulu ikhoza kukhala malo azirombo ndi matenda, omwe amadzaza nthaka ndi mbewu zapafupi.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Nikandra amatha kudzitamandira chifukwa chotha kupirira komanso m'munda wamakhalidwe osadwaladwala, samadwala tizirombo. Koma pali imodzi “koma”: chomera chikamwalira, makatani akuluakulu mutchetcha amatha kusanduka chofungatira chachilengedwe cham'munda, ndi bowa.
Bokosi la mbewu la Nicandra. © Forest & Kim StarrKuswana kwa Nicandra
Njira yabwino kwambiri yakuberekera nyengo yotentha iyi ndiyoyenera kuti imalimidwa kudzera mu mbande. Nyengo yayitali yokwanira samalola kufesa mbewu mwachindunji. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kubzala pakati pa Epulo mu chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopepuka, chonyowa. Mbewu za Nicandra zimayikidwa ndi 1 cm, zimamera kokha pansi pagalasi kapena filimu. Mukamakula, limbitsani mphukira ndikuwonekera kwa tsamba lachitatu loona, nicandra ikhoza kulowa m'miyala ingapo. Mbande zimafuna kuumitsa kwa nthawi yayitali musanabzalidwe m'nthaka. Sizichitika mu greenhouse, koma kutenga mbande tsiku mu mpweya wabwino, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yomwe ntchito m'munda. Pambuyo poti chiwopsezo cha mazere okhudzana ndi msinkhu wasowa, nicandra imasunthidwa kupita kumalo okhazikika. Panthaka yabwino, ndikwabwino kukonza nthaka.
Ngakhale kuti chisanu chimakhala chochepa kwambiri komanso kuopa kuzizira, Nikandra amakwanitsa kubzala mbewu ngakhale m'madera omwe kumatentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo: mtengowo umadzipereka wekha, womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mbande.
