Chitsamba chonyengerera (Physocarpus) ndi membala wa banja lapinki. Dzinalo Lachilatini la chomera chotere limakhala ndi mizu iwiri ya chilankhulo chakale achi Greek, monga: "physo" - "bubble" ndi "carpos" - "zipatso". Pali mitundu 14 mwa mtunduwu. M'mikhalidwe yamtchire, cystic fibrosis imatha kupezeka ku North America ndi East Asia. Mukakulidwa m'mundamo, chitsamba ichi chimadziwika chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwawo, komanso chakuti chimatha kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino nthawi yonse yomwe ikula. Komanso, chitsambachi chikukula msanga komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi mpweya. Chomera chimakula ngati chimodzi ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Komabe, mpanda wa vesicle ndiwopatsa chidwi kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe a vesicle
Tchire lokhazikika limakhala ndi nthambi zobowola zomwe zimakhala korona wobowola. Pachitsamba chachikulu, kupendekera khungwa kumachitika, ndi mikwingwirima yambiri. Kutalika kwake, kumatha kufika masentimita 300. Masamba a masamba atatu-asanu ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi masamba a viburnum. Maluwa oyera oyera amakhala ndi stamens ambiri. Ali m'gulu la inflorescences a hemispherical mawonekedwe, omwe m'mimba mwake amatha kufikira masentimita 5-7. Maluwa otuwa amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe. Zipatso za mbewu zotere zimawonekeranso mochititsa chidwi, ndimapepala otupa, omwe akakhwima, amasandulika ofiira. Mitundu iwiri yokha ya vesicle yomwe imalimidwa, pomwe pali mitundu yambiri yowoneka bwino, masamba ake omwe ali ndi utoto wosiyana.
Kukula kwa vesicle pamalo otseguka
Nthawi yobzala
Ngati munakwanitsa kugula mbande mu nazale kapena pakati pa dimba lokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka, zitha kubzalidwa panthaka iliyonse pachaka (koma osati nthawi yozizira). Ngati mbande zogulidwa zili ndi mizu yotseguka, ndiye kuti chifukwa chodzala muyenera kusankha masika, ndipo nthawi yophukira ndiyabwino. Pobzala mbewu zotere, malo owoneka bwino, otseguka ndioyenera, pafupi ndi pomwe mitengo yayikulu siyokukula. Zikatero, ngati mitunduyo ili ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira, ndiye kuti chitsamba choterocho chimatha kukula bwino pamalo otetezeka. Nthaka sikuti ikufunikira, koma iyenera kuthiridwa bwino, ndipo laimu iyenera kukhala gawo lake. Ngati mukufuna kuti ikhale ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kusankha dothi lotayirira lodzala ndi michere.
Momwe mungabzalire
Mukakonza dzenje lobzala, muyenera kukumbukira kuti kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti dothi lodzala ndi michere (kapena dothi lophatikizana ndi peat, tambo, nthaka ndi mchenga) likhoza kukhalamo, pomwe khosi la mizu liyenera kupezeka sangalalani ndi mawonekedwe a chiwembucho. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikonze dzenje mwa kukumba ndikuuthira dothi lachonde, theka la mwezi lisanachitike tsiku lobzala, pamenepa nthaka ikhale ndi nthawi yokwanira kukhazikika. Chomera chimayikidwa mu dzenje lobowola limodzi ndi dothi, pomwe mukukumbukira kuti umuna suyenera kuthira nthaka m'nthaka mutabzala, chifukwa chomera chaching'ono sichingathe kuyamwa mosavuta. Kenako dzenje lifunika kudzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana (kapangidwe kofotokozedwera pamwambapa) kapena dothi lodzaza ndi michere. Chitsamba chobzalidwa chimafunikira kuthirira kwambiri. Ngati kuthirira pansi kukhazikika, ndiye kuti muyenera kuthira. Masiku oyamba, onetsetsani kuti bwalo loyambira la vesicle limakhala lonyowa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Pamwamba pamalowo paphimbidwa ndi mulch (humus kapena peat).
Chithandizo cha chikhodzodzo
Posamalira chomera choterocho, ndikofunikira kuthiririra nthawi yake, chifukwa chimakumana ndi mavuto ambiri pachilala. Mukathirira, onetsetsani kuti madziwa sagwera pamtunda wa masamba ndi inflorescence, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa kutentha. Pankhani imeneyi, njirayi imalimbikitsidwa kuti ichitidwe m'mawa kapena madzulo. M'chilimwe, nthawi yotentha, kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika kangapo pa sabata, pomwepo ndowa zinayi za madzi zimayenera kupita kuthengo limodzi nthawi. Onani momwe masamba amasambira, chifukwa osati chilala chokha, komanso kutsanulira madzi nthaka kungavulaze. Zikatero kuti malowo samakutidwa ndi mulch, ndiye kuti nthawi iliyonse chitsamba chitathiridwa madzi, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka yake ndi udzu.
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuyi kangapo pachaka (kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira). Chapakatikati, muyenera kudyetsa mbewuyi ndi msanganizo wopatsa thanzi: bulu limodzi lamadzi limatenga mtsuko wa mullein mazana asanu, komanso supuni 1 yayikulu ya urea ndi ammonium nitrate. Kwa chitsamba chimodzi chachikulire, zidebe za 1.5 zotere zimatengedwa. Mu nthawi yophukira, ndowa imodzi ndi theka ya yankho la michere yophatikiza 10 malita a madzi ndi zikuni ziwiri zazikulu za nitroammophoska ziyenera kutsanuliridwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Kudulira
Chitsamba ichi chimafuna kudulira mwadongosolo komanso mwadongosolo. Mu nthawi yamasika, ndikofunikira kudulira kuti pakhale zaukhondo, chifukwa, onse ovulala, odwala, zitsamba ndi nthambi, komanso iwo omwe amakula mkati mwa chitsamba, amawadula. Mwa kudula vesicle m'dzinja, mukukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Kudulira kuti mupeze korona kutha kuchitika kumapeto, koma wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuchita izi mu April. Kuti chitsamba chizikhala ndi kasupe, muyenera kudula zitsulo zonse zoonda kumunsi, kusiya 5 kapena 6 mwamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimafunika kufupikitsidwa pang'ono. Ngati mukufuna chitsamba chikhale chambiri, muyenera kudula motalika masentimita 50. Tchire litakhala ndi zaka 6, pangani kudulira kukalamba pa chitsa. Pa zimayambira wandiweyani, malo omwe amachepetsa amayenera kuti amesedwe ndi var vars.
Thirani
Nthawi zina, zimafunikira kukaika chomera ichi, mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuchisintha kupita kwina. Ngati chitsamba chakhala kale wachikulire, ndiye kuti chikuyenera kuziika kumayambiriro kasupe, masamba asanathere, kapena m'dzinja, tsamba likagwa. Chitsamba chiwalitsidwa ndi chotchinga chachikulu cha dothi, nthawi yomweyo, chimadulidwa, pomwe chovulaza, matenda ndi makulidwe chimadulidwa, ndipo chotsalacho chikuyenera kufupikitsidwa ku 0,2-0.3 m. Chifukwa cha izi, mudzatha kuyendetsa katunduyo pamizu chofooka, chifukwa panthawi yozolowera zimamuvuta kuti azidyetsa chomera chomera. Thirakiti limachitika chimodzimodzi monga kubzala, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chikhodzodzo mu nkhaniyi ndi munthu wamkulu kale. Chitsamba chofesedwachi chimayenera kuthiriridwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito yankho la Heteroauxin kapena Kornevin, ndikuyeneranso kutsanulira masamba ndi Epin kapena Eco-gel antistress.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kubzala ndi kukula ma vesicles ndikosavuta, ndipo wosamalira mundawo azindikira kuti amalimbana kwambiri ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngati mulibe michere m'nthaka, ndiye kuti chomera chimayamba chlorosis, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma duwa apulaye ndipo masamba achitsamba asandulike chikaso. Ngati mukuwona zizindikiro za matendawa, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwaza masamba kapena kuthilira chitsamba chokha pansi pa muzu ndi yankho la Ferrilen, Antichlorosis, Ferovit, koma odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito Iron Chelate. Monga lamulo, pambuyo pa njirayi, vesicle imabwezeretsedwa mwachangu kwambiri.
Kufalitsa
Bubble imatha kufalikira mosavuta kudzera mwaukadaulo, monga: kudula, kugawa, komanso kugawa chitsamba. Komanso, njira yobala (mbewu) yolembera ndiyoyenera izi. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika kapena yophukira, ndipo kwa oyamba kumene amayenera kumangirizidwa kwa masiku 30. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti zitsamba zomwe zimamera mwanjira imeneyi sizimasunga utoto wa masamba omwe amapezeka mu chomera cha kholo. Komanso kukula nthangala kwa mbewu ndi ntchito yabwino. Pankhani imeneyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe njira yobala zipatso kuti iberekane.
Kudula
Kukolola kudula kuyenera kuchitidwa tchire lisanayambike. Kuti muchite izi, dulani mphukira zobiriwira za chaka chino. Kutalika kwa zidutswazo kumatha kukhala 10 mpaka 20 mainchesi, ndipo 2 kapena 3 ma infode ayenera kupezeka pa aliyense wa iwo. Masamba onse omwe ali pansi pa chogwirizira ayenera kudulidwa, ndipo omwe ali pamwamba ayenera kufupikitsidwa ndi gawo la ½. Akadulidwa okonzedwa amayenera kumizidwa mu yankho la muzu wothandiza mizu (mwachitsanzo, Kornevin). Kenako amadzalidwa pabedi lophunzitsira dothi losakaniza peat ndi mchenga. Thirirani ndi kuphimba ndi filimu ya polyethylene. Kusamalira zodula ndizosavuta, ziyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi kupuma bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, odulidwa mizu amafunika pogona, ndipo kasupe amatha kubzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.
Momwe mungafalitsire zigawo
Njira yakulera iyi ndiyosavuta komanso yothandiza. Mu nthawi yamasika, mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yathanzi imayenera kusankhidwa, yomwe iyenera kukula. Ma pepala onse azidulidwa, kusiya okhawo omwe akukwera pamwamba. Kenako tsinde limayikidwa mu poyambira yokonzekereratu, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala masentimita 12, kenako ndikuikika pogwiritsa ntchito brace yamatanda (mutha kutenga ma hairpins), ndiye kuti poyambira pamafunika kudzazidwa ndi dothi. Nthawi yonse yokula, magawo adzafunika kuthirira panthawi yake, kudula ndi kumasula nthaka. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, kuyika mizu kuyenera kuzika mizu, ndipo kuyenera kupatulidwa ndi chitsamba cha kholo ndikuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu.
Momwe mungafalitsire pogawa chitsamba
Pogawa chitsamba, ndibwino kufalitsa tchire. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kasupe kapena yophukira. Komabe, ngati muli ndi luso komanso luso linalake pankhaniyi, mutha kugawa chitsamba m'chilimwe. Kuti njirayi ithe bwino, iyenera kuchitika mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa mizu yomwe ili mumlengalenga, siyiyenera kuuma.
Bubble Zima
Chisamaliro cha Autumn
M'dzinja, chitsamba ichi chimawoneka chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa ndi panthawiyi yomwe masamba amapentedwa mitundu. Imakhala ndi kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri ndipo nthawi yozizira, monga lamulo, okhawo omwe alibe nthawi yozizira. Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kudula mizu ngati toyesa achinyamata kumafunikira pogona nyengo yachisanu.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Zikakhala kuti olosera zam'mbuyomu akuwonetsera nyengo yozizira kwambiri, zitsamba za chikhodzodzo ziyeneranso kuphimbidwa. Kuti muchite izi, pang'onopang'ono kokani chitsamba ndi mapasa, kenako "ndikuyika" pa icho chitsononkho chofumirira chikamverera kapena kukulunga ndi lutrasil. Komabe, choyamba muyenera kudzaza pansi pa bwalo la thunthu ndi mulch (peat), makulidwe ake omwe ayenera kukhala kuyambira mainchesi 5 mpaka 8. Titsamba tating'onoting'ono tiyenera kudulira, kuzikoloweka mtengo, ndikukutira ndi nthambi za spruce.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya bladderwort yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Pakadali pano, pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya zipatso za cystic yomwe imalimidwa, komanso mitundu ndi mitundu yake.
Amur Bubble (Physocarpus amurensis)
Mtundu wamtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku North Korea, North China ndi Far East, pomwe umakonda kukulira nkhalango zosakanizika. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chotere ndi korona wopindika kuli pafupifupi masentimita 300. Zitsamba zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira komanso zosalala, pomwe mitengo yoyambirira ya kotekisi imapezeka mu mikwingwirima yayitali. Tsamba lamasamba atatu-asanu limakhala ndi maziko owoneka ndi mtima komanso kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 10. Kutsogolo kwawo kuli zobiriwira zakuda, ndipo mkati mwake ndi loyera, chifukwa ali ndi tsitsi lowoneka ngati nyenyezi. Ma inflorescence a mawonekedwe a corymbose amakhala ndi maluwa oyera okwanira 10-15 okhala ndi mainchesi awiri ndi theka. Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi masiku 20. Chipatsocho ndi pepala lotupa lomwe, litakhwima, limasanduka lofiira. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipanda, komanso gulu komanso kokhazikika. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1854. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Luteus. M'chilimwe, mbale zamasamba zimapaka utoto wachikasu, ndipo m'dzinja zimakhala zamkuwa.
- Aureomarginate. Patsamba lamasamba pamakhala kulumikizidwa kwa utoto wamdima wakuda.
- Nana. Chitsamba chonyansa choterocho chili ndi masamba obiriwira amdima.
Kalinolisty (Physocarpus opulifolius)
Kudzi kwawo kwamtunduwu ndi kum'mawa kwa North America, pomwe umakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Chitsamba ichi chomwe chili ndi korona wolimba kwambiri chofika kutalika chimafikira masentimita 300. Zidutswa za masamba atatu ndi zisanu zokhala ndi malembedwe akulu kwambiri apakatikati ndi m'mphepete mwa waya. Kutsogolo kwawo kuli kobiriwira, ndipo utoto wake utapakidwa pang'ono, umatha kupindika. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono (mainchesi pafupifupi 1,2) ali ndi khungu la pinki kapena loyera, ndi ma stamens ofiira. Chipatsochi chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe amasandulika ofiira akacha. Mtunduwu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mipanda, komanso kubzala limodzi kapena gulu. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1864. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Darts Golide. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chokulirapo komanso chotalika chitha kufikira ma sentimita 150. Masamba achikasu amasanduka achikasu pachilimwe. Mizu inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa oyera kapena ofiira.
- Diablo (redleaf). Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 300. Mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wofiirira kapena wofiirira wakuda. Ngati chitsamba chakula m'malo otetezeka, ndiye kuti masamba ake amakhala obiriwira ndi utoto wofiirira, ndipo akakula pamalo owoneka bwino, amakhala ndi mtundu wofiira. M'dzinja, mtundu wa masamba sasintha. Mitundu iyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri.
- Red Baron. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200. Masamba opanda masamba atatu kapena asanu amtali amatalika masentimita 7 ndikukhala m'mphepete. Amapaka utoto wofiirira wodabwitsa kwambiri ndipo ndiocheperako poyerekeza ndi Diablo vesicle. Ma umbrella ooneka ngati ma umbrella amakhala oyera ndi maluwa apinki, ofika mainchesi 5 cm. Komanso, zipatso zamtundu wofiira zimawoneka bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ma 3 mpaka 5 a ma ses. Mitundu iyi ndi ina yamtengo wapatali.
- Dona ofiira. Tchire kutalika kwake limafikira masentimita 150. Mitunduyi idachokera ku England. Masamba ofiira ofiira pang'onopang'ono amadetsedwa. Mtundu wa maluwa osalala ndi oyera ndi ofiira.
