Rhododendron (Rhododendron) - mtundu wamitundu yokumbika, mitengo yabwino komanso yobiriwira komanso zitsamba za banja la Heather. Rhododendron imakhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 600 yoyimiriridwa ndi zitsamba zobiriwira, zowoneka bwino komanso zokhala ndi theka, zomwe zimasiyana osati mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, komanso mtundu, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa. Mwachilengedwe, ma rhododendrons amapezeka kumwera kwa China, Japan, Himalayas, North America, ndi Southeast Asia.
Mawu akuti "Rhododendron" ali ndi magawo awiri: "Rhodon" - "rose", ndi "dendron" - mtengo, womwe umatanthawuza "mtengo wa pinki", kapena "mtengo wokhala ndi maluwa."
Zithunzi za mapaki aku Europe zadzaza ndi zitsamba kutulutsa kutulutsa kutumphuka mpaka nyundo - awa ma Rhododendrons okongola amapereka mawonekedwe apadera amitundu ndi mafungo. Kukhala ndi chozizwitsa chotere m'mundamu ndi maloto a anthu ambiri omwe amachita zamaluwa. Koma kuzindikira kuti sizophweka. Kusangalala ndi zotsatirazi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zosunga pakupirira ndi kuleza mtima, gulu lankhondo. Tchire lomwe limamera chabe ngati chitsa mu Western Europe silingafe ngati silikondedwa ndi azungu.
Momwe mungasankhire Rhododendron woyenera
Sankhani mawonekedwe oyenera - iyi ndi njira yoti muchitire bwino. Tsogolo la kuyesa kwanu zimatengera kuzindikira kwa kusankha kwa mbewu zam'mera. Simungathe kuyika mbewu zamtundu wa thermophilic nyengo yozizira. Mwachitsanzo, ma rhododendrons otentha, amafunikira chinyezi chambiri komanso madigiri okwera. Masiku ano, ogulitsa amapereka mitundu yazatsopano yobiriwira, koma anthu omwe sadziwa zoterezi ayenera kupewa kugula.
Chidwi chanu chiyenera kukopa zoyerekezera ndi chisanu. Amatha kuphatikizira mwachangu komanso kuzolowera kuzizira. "Chopusitsa" choterocho mtsogolo chidzateteza duwa kuimfa, ndipo wolandirayo kukhumudwitsidwa.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa komwe chitsamba cha Rhododendron chinabadwira ndikukula, komwe chimagulitsidwa kuti. Zabwino, mukatenga chodzala ndi anzanu ndikuwona ndi maso anu chitsamba. Chifukwa chake padzakhala lingaliro lomveka bwino la zomwe zingachitike kumapeto. Nazale m'dera lapafupi ndiyabwino. Chomera chizolowera kale mtunda, ndipo nthawi yosinthira imadutsa mwachangu.
Pankhani zogulira maluwa okwera mtengo, ongolani misika yokha. Kuyika pachiwopsezo poika mtengo ndi mtundu pamakwerero sikofunikira.
Njira yabwino ndi chitsamba chazaka ziwiri kapena zinayi chodzala mbewu. Mutha kuzindikira izi motalika. Palibe woposa masentimita 15 kuchokera ku nthangala za nthambi.Pafupifupi 25 cm kuchokera pamadulidwe .. Mukasankha kugula "aristocrat" yaying'ono, onani mizu ndi masamba. Palibe paliponse pomwe pali chizindikiro cha matenda (zopezeka, mawanga, ming'alu, bowa).
Kutambalala kwa Rhododendron
Kupambana kubzala ndi kukula kwina kumatengera momwe zosowa zamakina aulimi zamtunduwu zimakwaniritsidwira.
Maso kulolera kapena chithunzi? Amakonda nthaka yamchere pang'ono kapena acidic? Mukufuna ngalande, mwina chinyezi chambiri? Kodi chingakhale mnansi wabwino nchiyani? Mafunso ambiri? Ngakhale zochulukirapo zimawonekera pomwe ma rhododendron, osagwiritsa ntchito ma cailers, amakhala m'malo mwake, osakula. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chotsimikizika chakuti sakonda zachilengedwe komanso zinthu zina zinalengedwa sizingapeweke. Mitundu ya Katevbinsky imafunikira nthaka yachilengedwe, yopanda madzi osasunthika. Achibale ena akudikirira kukonkha kwa ola limodzi, kupopera nthambi, kuthirira madzi. Ngati mungachite zonse momwe ziyenera kukhalira, ndiye kuti m'zaka zochepa mudzakhala osangalala ndi maluwa okongola.
Ngati ndi kotheka, chitsamba chokhwima kwambiri chitha kuzibza. Osamera mizu yomwe ili pansi panthaka ya dothi ndiyosavuta kukumba.
Mukayamba kutsata malowo, kumbukirani mitengo yomwe ingapangitse kampani yabwino kuti ikhale mlendo wakunja. Oak, msondodzi, phulusa lamapiri, birch sikhala ochezeka kwambiri kugawana zinthu zofunikira, koma paini ndi larch ndi abwenzi abwino omwe amapanga microflora yopatsa moyo ya rhododendron.
Munkhalango, ma rhododendrons amakula mumdzuwa, koma m'minda yakunyumba, mitundu yosakhazikika imatha kuyang'ana pang'ono pamtengo wamtali. Pakatikati kotentha, nyengo ya kutentha, khoma la nyumba lingatetezere. Pazinthu zotsutsana, ndikofunikira kubisala mumabokosi ndi makanda. Sipangakhale malo abwino? Pangani chidutswa.
Mutha kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi dothi, kukumba pansi panthaka yofunikira kuti akuluakulu athe kufikirako ndikuyisintha ndi chisakanizo chosinthika, mutha kuteteza kubzala m'tsogolo. Mwa njira, m'mimba mwake mozungulira, nthaka yam michere iyenera kufanana ndi mainchesi a korona wopendekedwayo. Popewa madzi amvula kuti asatulukire micronutrients, zungulirani dzenje ndi zida zoteteza, zomwe sizoyipa. Pali zovuta zambiri, koma zitsimikiziro zachitetezo ndizokwera. Dothi louma ndi loamy ndibwino kuti lizisenda ndi mchenga. Onani kuchuluka kwa asidi.
Bzalani mtengo pamalo a muzu wa muzu ndi kuwaza mulch (utuchi) pamwamba kuti musunge chinyontho.
Kusamalira Kwaka Rhododendron
Mfundo zoyang'anira rhododendron ndizosavuta komanso zowoneka bwino. Kuthirira pafupipafupi, kuthira manyowa munthawi yake ndi kutumiza feteleza, kuthilira masamba, kuwala kwa nthambi. Tinthu tofa tomwe timachotsedwa kuti tisabweretse matenda ndi majeremusi.
Kuthirira
M'chilimwe, rhododendron iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, ndipo kuyanika dothi lapamwamba kuyenera kupewedwa. Kwa mzamba, madzi ofewa, osungunuka (osinthika mwanjira kapena osungunuka) abwera.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Akatswiri alimi amalimbikitsa kudyetsa katatu pachaka. Chapakatikati maluwa asanadutse, maluwa atagwa komanso kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Z feteleza zovuta zomwe zidagulidwa zimaphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mu chakudya choyamba, zinthu za nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous zimafunikira. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopanga masamba, kuchuluka kwawo ndi kuphuka. Unyinji wopatsa chidwi ukukula.
Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yakula, zipatso za potaziyamu zimachulukitsidwa kotero kuti nkhuni zimakhala ndi nthawi yakucha ndikukula, ndipo kukula kwacinyamata sikukula.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yeniyeni ya ma rhododendrons nthawi yozizira sikhala pogona. Komabe, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira ndi chisanu kumafunikabe. Mvula yopanda mvula ikutumikirani ngati wothandizira, kukhutiritsa masamba ndi makungwa a omwe nthawi zonse amakhala ngati chinyezi. Koma ngati nyengo inali yowuma, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwira ntchito nokha, kukonzekera kuthirira kambiri. Kuchita bwino nthawi yozizira kumadalira nyengo m'malo omwe akukhalamo ndi mitundu. Ngati nthawi zambiri kumakhala matalala ambiri komanso thaws pafupipafupi, pogona sikofunikira. Ndipo pamene mzere wa thermometer nthawi zambiri umagwera kwambiri mpaka mtengo wocheperako - khalani otetezeka, osachepera ndi pogona pabwino ndi nthambi za spruce.
Mphepo ndi chisanu mu duet ndi dzuwa zimasanduka adani enieni akufikiratu. Pangani kuchokera ku nthambi za pine kapena mitengo ina, chinthu china ngati mawonekedwe ngati chubu ndikukulunga ndi chingwe kuti muteteze. Makatani amatha kubisika pansi pa kanyumba kakang'ono. Chotsani mawonekedwe atatha kutha kwa chisanu chomaliza chisanu.
Kubwezeretsa kwa Rhododendron
Ngakhale mtundu wa hybrid ndiwopindulitsa motani, kuswana ndizotheka komanso ngakhale kuchita bwino kwambiri. Pali njira zitatu zofalitsira rhododendron: kudula, kugawa ndi mbewu.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Njira yakale yodalirika yoyeserera, njirayi imagwiridwa ndi kufananiza ndi kubereka azalea. Kuchokera panthambi zazing'ono zathanzi, mphukira za kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita zimadulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Masamba apansi amachotsedwa (kumtunda kokha ndiye tsamba lamanzere). Magawo amathandizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi othandizira amphamvu pakupanga mkodzo wa muzu. Zopanda zolembera zimayikidwa mu yankho la "Heteroauxin" kapena njira zina, kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito. Zidula zakonzedwa zabzalidwa mu dothi losakaniza. Tengani mchenga wokongoletsedwa bwino, nthaka kuchokera ku nkhalango yolumikizana, peat mofananizana, tsitsani pang'ono, sakanizani. Mukafinya pachikhatho cha dzanja lanu, muyenera kupeza choko chomwe chimagwera mosavuta ngati mutachikoka. Kukhomera miphika ndikuyika chogwirizira pansi pa chithunzi chowonekera cha filimu, mutapopera kuchokera ku mfuti yokula. Ana mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi ndi nthawi amafufuza, kuthirira. Pakatha miyezi itatu, masamba ang'onoang'ono amaboweka.
Kufalitsa pang'onopang'ono
Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yopezera munthu wabwino kuchokera ku chitsamba cha Rhododendron. Mphukira zam'mbali zomwe zimakhala pansipa zimapinda pansi mosavuta ndikukhala yaying'ono, zimakhazikika ndi nthabwala zokhala ndi ma stud ndipo zimakonkhedwa pamwamba. Dothi lonyowa nthawi zonse, kutentha kumathandizira kupanga mizu. Zimangosiyanitsa tchire kwa akuluakulu omwe amakhala ndi secateurs, ndikuzisanja mosamala.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Njira yoberekera iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso yovuta, koma kupezeka kwa kusinthika kwatsopano ndikosangalatsa. Kwa chaka chimodzi, mutha kupeza mbande zamphamvu za Rhododendron wokhala ndi pedigree wodziwika bwino. Disembala ndiyo nthawi yofesa.
Zidutswa zadothi (mchenga wowuma, zinyalala zophwanyika, dongo lotukulidwa) zimathiridwa pansi pa mbale yayikulu; pilo ya acidic, yopanda thanzi imathiridwa pamtanda uwu. Imakhetsedwa ndi yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate). Kenako, mbeu (zidutswa 8-10 pam mita), zoyikidwa m'mabokosi, zimayikidwa pansi. Simufunikira kuwaza iwo, chokocho chimakutidwa ndi chidutswa cha galasi ndikuyika malo otentha, opaka ndi mpweya wabwino wokhazikika. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonza zida zowonjezera, kuwonjezera nthawi yowunikira.
Mphukira zimawonekera mu sabata kapena mwezi kutengera mitundu. Pambuyo pokhapokha wochezeka akuwonjezera kuti wowonjezera kutentha amachotsedwa ndikuthira mpira wowonda kwambiri. Tsamba lachitatu lathunthu lidzauza za kufunika kosankha. Imachitidwa kangapo pamene ikukula ndikukula. Nthawi iliyonse, kutenga amuna amphamvu kuti abereke.
Kusintha, kusintha kwa njira ya achikulire kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Pazaka pafupifupi 3-4, ma rhododendrons amayenera kuyang'aniridwa, mosasamala kanthu kukaniza kuzizira. Tikadutsa mayeso olimba, tchire lalikulupo lidzatha nthawi yozizira lokha.
Ndikupirira konse, chikondi, kulimbikira ndikokwanira, mudzakhala ndi dimba labwino kwambiri mu maluwa okongola, onunkhira ndi mafungo osasinthika.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono ta rhododendron ndi mealybugs, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nthata za akangaude, nsikidzi, zofunda, ntchentche za Rhododendron, nkhono ndiulesi. Mwa matenda, rhododendrons nthawi zambiri imakhudza matenda oyamba ndi fungus - mawanga, khansa, chlorosis, ndi dzimbiri. Amadzuka, monga lamulo, chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwa mizu.
