Clematis (chithunzi) - mpesa wowala kwambiri, wosaiwalika mu malo aku Russia. Ngati wokhala pachilimwe alibe "kuwuma" clematis, kubzala ndi kuwasamalira poyera ndi njira yofunika kwambiri.
Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, mbewuzo zimamera komanso kutulutsa malo amodzi kwa zaka zoposa 20, chaka chilichonse zimakongoletsa nyumbayo ndi wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa osavuta komanso owirikiza awiri amitundu ndi mawonekedwe.
Kusankha malo ndikukonzekera kubzala clematis poyera
Kukonzekera kutsata kumayambira ndikusankha malo abwino. Clematis ndiwosangalatsa, koma pakatentha dzuwa, liana limavutika mumtima, maluwa amayamba kuzimiririka.
Zomera ndizolumikizana kwambiri ndi mphepo, kuyandikira kwa madzi apansi panthaka. Ngakhale mbewu zimafuna chinyezi chambiri kuti zikule bwino, kusokosera kwake kumawopseza kuzula mizu.
Oyamba maluwa amalakwitsa pomwe clematis adabzyala pansi pafupi ndi khoma la nyumbayo, pomwe liana limagwera pansi pa kuthyolako kapena chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito mpweya watsopano imayang'aniridwa ndi tizirombo ndi bowa.
Ndikwabwino kupeza malo osachepera 70 cm kuchokera kukhoma, ndikupanga tchati cholimba, arch kapena trellis yothandizira. Kutalikirana kotereku kumathandizanso kukonza clematis mutabzala potseguka ndikutchinjiriza ku mvula ndi kusungunuka kwamadzi. Popeza mipesa ikula bwino, osakumana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chakudya komanso chinyezi, kusiyana kwa mita 1-1,5 kumatsala pakati pa tchire lomwelo.
Ngati maulendo angapo akukhala ndi njira, madambwewo amapezeka kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Chifukwa chake mbewu zonse zikhala zolumikizana bwino ndikuyatsa bwino tsiku lonse.
Pachitsamba chimodzi ndibwino kusankha malo okhala ndi kuwala kwam'mawa.
Kodi clematis amabzalidwa liti m'nthaka?
Kutumiza kwa Clematis nthawi yotseguka kumatengera zomwe zasankhidwa kubzala. Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka kapena yoboola pakati sitha kudikira. Kodi kubzala clematis poyera pansi kasupe?
Zabzalidwa mchaka, mu Epulo kapena zaka khumi za Meyi, mphukira zisanakhazikike. Kubera kapena kubzala kwa chilimwe kumawopseza kuti clematis ifooka m'nthaka, kuphatikizika kwake kumatha nthawi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina chomera chimafa.
Mbande yomwe idagulidwa kale kale nthawi zambiri imabzala kunyumba, chifukwa nthawi yofesa imabzala kale. Ngati mungatengeke nawo m'mundawu mu Epulo, pomwe kubzala kwakukulu kwa clematis kuli poyera m'malo ozungulira, msipu umavutika chisanu. Zomera zobzalidwa m'chigawo chachiwiri cha Meyi, pofika nthawi ino zinthu zonse zachilengedwe zatha.
Clematis mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa imalekerera kubzala popanda mavuto panthawi yotentha yonse. Kuyika pamasiku otentha kumathandizira komanso kuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo ntchito.
Mukugwa, clematis amabzalidwa panthaka kuyambira August mpaka Okutobala. Kwa nthawi yotsala nyengo isanayambike, mbewuyo imazika mizu ndikusintha m'mundamo. Madeti enieniwo amatengera nyengo ndi nyengo ya kuderalo. Kuchedwa kumayambitsa kuzizira kwa mipesa yomwe sinakhale nayo nthawi yoti ikhazikike. M'nyengo yozizira, dothi limayatsidwa ndi dothi, ndipo mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi masamba, nthambi za spruce kapena zida zowuma zosakhala nsalu.
Land clematis pansi
Kusankha malo oyenera a clematis, omwe akhala akukulira kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kumuika, ndikofunikira. Chofunika koposa, bungwe labwino la dzenje podzala clematis poyera mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira.
M'malo okhala ndi madzi pansi pamadzi, kuopsa kwa kusefukira kwamadzi, kapena nthaka yovuta kwambiri pansi pa ngalande kapena lakuya masentimita 60, ngalande zazitali zimapangidwa ndi dongo lokwera, zidutswa zadothi zofiira, matope amiyala ndi mchenga. Kuphatikiza apo, ngalande zamadzimadzi zili ndi zida, momwe madzi ochulukirapo amatha kuchoka m'munda wamaluwa.
Konzani zothandizira za clematis pasadakhale. Pofuna kuti zisasokoneze mizu, zikwangwani, ma trellise, ma mesh kapena mitundu ina yamathandizo imakumbidwa nthawi yomweyo ikamatera.
Kudzala dzenje la climatis imodzi kumapangidwa kuya masentimita 60 ndipo m'lifupi. Kubzala pagulu kumafunika kukonzedwa kwa ngalande imodzi ngati mita imodzi.
Pilo yomiza imapangidwa pansi, ndipo dothi losankhidwa kuchokera kudzenje limasulidwa, kutsukidwa ndi namsongole ndikusakanikirana magawo ofanana ndi humus ndi peat. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera dothi labwino lachonde m'nthaka yamchenga. M'dothi, dense wandiweyani wa clematis, mmalo mwake, mchenga womasuka umasakanikirana. Monga feteleza, pachidebe chilichonse cha dothi, magalamu 100 a mchere wovala pamwamba umayikidwa, komanso ngati lita imodzi ya phulusa. Kuchuluka kwa dothi kosaloledwa ndi ufa wa dolomite, laimu kapena zina zina.
Hafu ya dzenje lakugoneka, momwe muliri wofanana pakati, ladzala ndi gawo lokonzekera. Chotupa chomwe chimakhala chowongoka kale chimayikidwa pamwamba pake. Khosi la mizu, kapena malo opendekera, liyenera kukhala pansi pamlingo woyesedwa, ndipo kuya kwake kutengera kukula ndi msinkhu wa mtengo wampesa wokongoletsa.
Kwa mbande za zaka 2-3, ndi 6-12 cm, ndiye kuti, osati maziko okha a chomera, komanso masamba oyamba a masamba amafunika kuzamitsidwa. 3-4 wazaka clematis amakula wina 5-10 cm wina. Kuchita koteroko kumathandizira chomera kupulumuka chisanu nthawi yachisanu ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe, komanso zimathandizanso kupanga mphukira zingapo zolimba.
Mutabzala, dothi pafupi ndi clematis limathiriridwa, kuphatikizidwa ndikuwumbika, ndipo pamwamba pa chomera chaching'ono amatetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi mphepo.
Clematis chisamaliro kutchire
Chaka choyamba mutabzala ndi nthawi ya acclimatization ndi yogwira kukula. Chifukwa chake, dothi pansi pa clematis limamasulidwa ndikudula ngati pakufunika. Kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika, koma osadzaza. Mbande zolimba zimaphukira kale m'nthawi yachilimwe, koma alimi odziwa bwino maluwa amalangiza kudula zamtsogolo zamaluwa, zomwe zimatha kufooketsa chomera china chochepa. Ngati zinthu za mchere zomwe zili ndi organic kanthu zidalowetsedwa mu dzenje lobzala, kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika kokha patatha chaka, kumapeto.
Mphukira zomwe zimakulirazo zimaphatikizidwa mosamala ndi chithandizo choyikidwa ndikuyang'anira mkhalidwe wobiriwira. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa mphukira zazing'ono poyamwa tizilombo. Pafupifupi nyengo yophukira, yokhala chinyezi chowonjezereka komanso kusiyana kutentha kwamasana ndi usiku, chiopsezo cha matenda a fungus chikuwonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, pa chisamaliro cha clematis poyera, chithandizo chamankhwala chodzitetezera ndi chofunikira ziyenera kuphatikizidwa.
Ngati mmera ukangoponya mphukira imodzi yolimba, imathina kukakamira ndikudina pamwamba. Pambuyo pake, kuti muyambitse kukula, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kwambiri ndikuthira feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Mutha kuwapanga;
- yankho pa nthaka yonyowa;
- mu youma mawonekedwe ndi kuvomerezedwa kumasulira ndi kuthirira;
- monga kuvala zovala zapamwamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
M'dothi lokhazikika, mizu ya clematis imayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kuthirira kwa kasupe ndi mkaka wa laimu pamlingo wa magalamu 200 a ndimu pachidebe chilichonse kudzathandiza kuti nthaka isungidwe.
Zaka 3-4 mutabzala clematis poyera, wokhalamo chilimwe amatha kukumana ndi zovuta zosayembekezereka. Kutengera luso laulimi, maluwawo ndi ang'ono, ndipo mpesa umakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa kale. Vuto lofala kwambiri ndikusowa chinyezi. Nthaka yolumikizidwa sikudutsa madzi kumizu, ndipo kumasuka pakuya kotereku ndikosatheka. Pakadali pano, nthaka yothirira nthaka yowirikiza ingathandize, kulola kuti pansi pakhale pansi ndikuchilepheretsa kuyanika. Kutali kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 40 kuchokera ku clematis, mabotolo apulasitiki angapo amawakhazikitsa ndi khosi lotseguka pansi. Pa kuthilira, amadzaza ndi madzi, pang'onopang'ono kupita kumizu ya mtengo wampesa.
Clematis osatha amafunikiranso kudulira nthawi zonse, komwe kumathandiza mbewu kuti ichotse mphukira zowonongeka, zachikale. Ndipo wokhala mmalimwe, yemwe adziwa bwino kudula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya clematis, alandila zokongola kwambiri komanso zoyambirira zamaluwa awo.
