Pelargonium ndi mtundu wazomera kuchokera ku banja la geranium, lomwe limayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yoyenerera kukula mu nyumba, m'munda, m'mwala.
Dzinalo lenileni la mbewu ndi mtundu wa Chilatini wotchedwa "crane", woperekedwa kuti afananidwe ndi bokosi la mbewu yayitali wokhala ndi mlomo wankhwangwala. Munthawi yakukhwima kwa mbewu, m'munsi mwa bokosi la mbewu, mkupita kumapeto, ukuuma ndipo wagawika magawo asanu (chilichonse chimakhala ndi nthanga imodzi), kuphulika ndi kufalitsa mbewu patali.
Pelargonium, kalasi 'Berkswell Calypso'. © Tina FabroPelargonium (Pelargōnium) - mtundu wazomera za banja la Geranium, kapena Crane (Geraniaceae).
Kwawo kwa Pelargonium South Africa. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 280 ya zikhalidwe za herbaceous pachaka komanso zosatha, zitsamba ndi zitsamba.
Pelargonium ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino. Pelargonium kapena geranium imatha kupezeka osati pokhapokha ngati munthu akudziwa luso la masewera amateur, komanso pawindo la agogo aliyense, yemwe samamvetsa kwambiri choti abzala komanso momwe angatungire madzi, komabe, amakhala ndi maluwa onunkhira pachaka.
Pelargonium adawonekera ku Europe kumapeto kwa XVII - koyambirira kwa zaka za XVIII. M'zaka zapitazi, ntchito yayikulu ya kuswana idachitika kuti mitundu ina isakanikane komanso mitundu yambiri. Zomera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zinapezeka, mitundu yazifupi, mitundu yoyera ndi mitundu iwiri, komanso maluwa awiri, adadulidwa.
Pelargonium © floradaniaNdipo sizosadabwitsa kuti pelargoniums amakondedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Ndiosavuta kuwasamalira, ndiosavuta kufalitsa, iwo amatulutsa kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo okongola komanso owala. Okonda mbeu zoterezi amatchedwa maluwa obzala. Gulu laling'ono la pelargoniums onunkhira limamera ngakhale chifukwa cha maluwa, koma chifukwa cha masamba onunkhira.
Kugwiritsa
Pelargonium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikhalidwe chokongoletsera chamaluwa, komanso chomera cha ampel, cha makonde ndi malo otseguka.
Onani nkhani: Zomangira nyengo yozizira popanda dothi
Pogona
Kuti kukula kwabwinobwino kwa pelargonium, kufunda ndi kuunikira kwabwino ndikofunikira. Chakumapeto kwa kasupe - kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mbewuyo imayenera kutengedwera kumweya wabwino, ndikuzisunthira dzuwa.
Kuwala
Ngati palibe kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti pelargonium, monga lamulo, amachepetsa maluwa ake, masamba ake ndi maluwa amataya kuwala kwawo. Ngati mbewuyo ili mkati mkati mwagalasi, ndiye kuti dzuwa litakhala lozungulira, ndizowopsa, zimatha kuyambitsa kutentha, koma mumsewu pansi pa dzuwa lotseguka, pelargonium imawachotsa. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera umafunika kuthandizidwanso ndi nyali za fluorescent kapena phytolamp.
Kutentha
Kutentha kwakanthawi: Mu chirimwe - kutentha kwa chipinda. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa + 8 ... +10 ° C ndikofunikira.
Pelargonium. © floradaniaKuthirira
Pelargonium imafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira mu kasupe ndi chilimwe ndikumwetsa madzi ambiri m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa popanda masamba osavuta, mizu yake ndiyosavuta kudzaza. Pelargoniums safuna kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikusamba masamba. Ndi gawo la mbewu zomwe ndizabwino kuzimitsa kuposa madzi. Ma pelargoniums onse amatha kuphatikiza madzi, chifukwa chake amawerengedwa kuti ndi oma. Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti madzi ochulukirapo ateteza madzi. Ngati pelargonium amalandira madzi ambiri kuposa momwe amafunira, ndiye kuti masamba ake ndi maluwa amasintha mawonekedwe ake. Ndikathirira kwambiri, ngakhale masamba ake ndi abwino, mwina sangaphuke.
Dothi
Kuti mukule pelargonium, nthaka iyenera kukhala yopatsa thanzi. Kusakaniza kwa magawo ofanana a dothi lanthete, peat ndi mchenga ndizoyenera izi. Nthaka yomweyo ndi yoyenera kufesa mbewu za geranium. Akakulidwa m'minda, geraniums amakonda dothi labwino madzi. Mukugwa, ma geraniums amakumbidwa ndikuziwonjezera pamphika. Mukakulitsa pelargonium mumiphika, ngalande zabwino zimafunikira kuti madzi asasunthike mizu. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nthaka ya m'miphika imayenera kumasulidwa, izi zimapereka mwayi wofikira kumizu ndi kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Kukula kwa mphika
Pelargonium itha kukhala wamkulu m'miphika kapena mabokosi. Kukula kwa mapoto kumasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula kwa mizu. Mphika suyenera kukhala waukulu kwambiri - pankhaniyi, sizingatheke kuyendetsa kukula kwa mbewu ndikupanga kutalika komwe mukufuna. Miphika yaying'ono, pelargonium blooms bwino, maluwa amakhala okongola komanso osangalatsa, ndipo mumphika wokulirapo chitsamba chimakula bwino, koma chimaphuka kwambiri. Kwa tchire tating'ono, mphika wawung'ono amasankhidwa, popeza mizu ya geraniums ndi yaying'ono. Miphika yamaluwa imasinthidwa kukhala yayikulu pokhapokha mbewuyo itadzala kale kalekale. Ngati mphika ndi wokulirapo, mutha kudzalamo mbali ziwiri kapena zitatu. Miphika ya Pelargonium imatha kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena dongo lowotchera, koma m'miphika pulasitiki dothi limaphwa pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake limatha kuzungulira mizu, pomwe miphika yadongo imalola chinyezi ndi mpweya kudutsa bwino. Mulifupi mulifupi m'mphika wa chomera chimodzi ndi 12-14 masentimita ndi 22-25 masentimita atatu kapena zingapo zamphika m'mphika umodzi. Kutalika kwa mphikawo ndi masentimita 10-15. Muphika wocheperako, umakhala wofanana ndi chomera (izi ndizowona makamaka kwa geraniums wobzala kuchokera ku mbewu).
Pelargonium
Tsinani
Kulimbitsa nthambi, mapangidwe a chitsamba ndi chisoti chachifumu cha pelargonium zimatheka ndi kutsina. Kukanikiza pakati kumachitika pa pepala 8-10 ngati chomeracho chadzulidwa kuchokera kudulidwe, ndipo papepala 6-8 ngati pelargonium mwakula. Ndi kukanikiza, malo okula amachotsedwa. Nthawi zina, kudula pakati kumafunikanso. Pali njira ziwiri zopangira chitsamba. Ngati, atadina, mphukira zatsopano sizinayambe kukula kuchokera pachiwonetsero, koma kuchokera pazovuta zamasamba apamwamba, ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Mphukira za axillary zimangotsalira pansi pamasamba. Kapena mwanjira ina - kupatsa awa mphukira wa axillary kuti akule ndikukula kapena masamba awiri kapena atatu masamba kutsina. Pelargonium idang'ambika mu February-Marichi. Ngakhale kutsina kumakulitsa nthambi, motero zimachulukitsa maluwa, zimasokoneza maluwa.
Kudulira
Chakumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi, pomwe pelargonium amadzuka, panthawiyi mu kasupe ndikofunikira kuti apange korona, yemwe wakale ndi waukulu zimadulidwa, kusiya masamba 2-5 pa mphukira iliyonse. Zopindika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula. Kudula ndikumalumikiza mu Disembala-Januware ndikosayenera, chifukwa iyi ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri pamoyo wa chomera. Kudulira mu kugwa kumayambitsa kuoneka ngati wachinyamata wofowoka wopanda mphamvu, yemwe amachepetsa mbewuyo ndipo imatha kumwalira nthawi yachisanu. Nthawi zambiri, pelargoniums muzipinda amakula msanga nthawi yozizira, ndikupanga mphukira zazitali zazitali zomwe zimafunikira kudula kumayambiriro kwamasika. Kuti mupeze chitsamba chabwino, ndikofunikira kutengapo mbewu panja panja chilimwe. Kudulira komanso kupindika, kumachepetsa maluwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Pelargonium amayankha bwino kwambiri pazakudya zam'm mchere komanso zopatsa mphamvu. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, kuthira feteleza ndi michere ya mchere kapena ma feteleza amadzimadzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yamaluwa, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amakhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yambiri kuposa nayitrogeni. Feteleza ngati uyu amalimbikitsa maluwa. Ngati pakufunika kupeza ma greens ambiri, ndiye kuti feteleza wokhala ndi nitrogen yambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika mpaka nthawi yophukira. Ngati pelargonium adamuika kukhala wosakaniza ndi dothi lina, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri kudyetsa kumayambira miyezi itatu pambuyo paziika, nthaka itatha.
Pelargonium
Kuswana
Kufesa
Pelargonium wamkulu kuchokera ku mbewu amatulutsa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi ma cuttings. Mpaka 30 inflorescence imatha kuphuka nthawi yomweyo pamtengo. Zotupa zoterezi zimatha kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi chochepa, chodwala. Pelargonium amafesedwa mu Januwale-February mu mbande kapena mapoto. Dziko loti lifesedwe limatsanuliridwa kale ndi madzi otentha ndi yankho lakuda la potaziyamu permanganate. Mbewu zimayikidwa panthaka yonyowa, yokutidwa pang'ono ndi dothi lomera ndikukapakidwa ndi chophukacho chomera. Mbaleyo imakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa bwino. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti mbewu zisayike kwambiri, apo ayi sizingamere. Mbande zokhala ndi mbande zotuluka ziyenera kupuma mpweya uliwonse tsiku ndi tsiku ndikokweza magalasi kapena filimu ndikuchotserera. Nthawi yamera yophukira ndi masiku 7 mpaka 14, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kupitirira madigiri 20-24 ndikosayenera. Pamene masamba owona a 2-4 amawonekera pa mbande, mbande zimadumphira m'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuti muchepetse mapangidwe a tsinde, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu yomweyo zomwe zidakula kale. Mbande imamera pa kutentha kwa madigiri 16-18 m'chipinda chowala, manyowa pang'ono. Pambuyo pa masabata 6-8, mbewuzo zimasungidwira mumphika wina. Maluwa amachitika pakati pa chilimwe.
Kudula
Koma nthawi zambiri, pelargonium imafalitsidwa ndi odulidwa. Iyi ndiye njira yachangu kwambiri yopezera maluwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zopezeka kuchokera ku ma hybrid geraniums sizimabala zonse zofunikira za mitundu ya kholo. Chifukwa chake, zodula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimatsimikizira chitetezo cha mitundu, kuwonjezera apo, mbewu zimayamba kuphuka posachedwa kuzika. Mukabzala mbewu, nthawi isanayambe maluwa ndi yayitali. Mizu yodula mu February-Marichi ndi mu Julayi-Ogasiti. Kusankhidwa kwa nthawi yofalitsidwira ma cuttings kumachitika chifukwa chakuti kuzika kwa mizu kumadula pa kutentha kwa mpweya pamtunda wama 25 digiri (kuzizira kwa chilimwe kumatha kufalikira nthawi yonse yokulira). Ndikwabwino kuyambiranso pelargonium ndikudula mphukira yozika mizu ndi masamba atatu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7. Mutatha kudula, zodulidwazo zimayikidwa mumthunzi kwa tsiku limodzi, kuti muchepetse kuwola kwa odulidwa, kudula kumayikidwa mu makala oswedwa kenako ndikudzalidwa osakaniza wowonda ali a 2-3 masentimita ndipo ali ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20 mpaka 22. Kusakaniza kwa mtunda kuyenera kukhala ndi mchenga wosachepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kapena chimodzi. M'mbuyomu, osakaniza pamtunda adasalidwa ndi madzi otentha ndikuthiriridwa ndi yankho lakuda la potaziyamu permanganate. Kuthirira koyamba kumakhala kochuluka, ndiye kuti sikumangothiridwa madzi osapopera, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri chimatha kuyambitsa kudula kwa odulidwa. Mosiyana ndi mbewu zambiri, zodula za pelargonium, zobzalidwa kuti sizizika mizu, sizifunikira kuphimbidwa, izi zimapereka zotsatira zoyipa. Mizu yodzala mizu imachitika pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Ndikofunika kuzika mizu yodula makapu apulasitiki a 0.2 L. Wokuika mumphika wa 9-11cm umachitika ngati pali mizu kuzungulira gawo lonse la chikho. Zomera zomwe zidulidwa kudula mu Marichi pachimake mkati mwa chilimwe, kudula mu Ogasiti - pachimake mu kasupe.
Pelargonium
Thirani
Ma peargoniums achichepere amafunika kuwaika chaka chilichonse kapena zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Chitani izi kasupe asanayambe kukula. Mphika uyenera kukhala wocheperako, apo ayi mphukira zomwe zimapangitsa masamba kukula bwino ndipo chomera sichimaphuka. Ngati pelargonium ibzalidwe m'mabokosi apakhonde (pambuyo pakuphwa kwa masika), ndiye kuti mtunda pakati pawo ndi 20-25 cm. Ngati pelargoniums adakula m'mundamo, amakumbidwa m'dzinja ndikupita mumphika. Ngati sizingatheke kufalitsa mbewu, ndiye kuti kumtunda kwa dziko lapansi kungasinthidwe chaka chilichonse popanda chomera chokha. M'chaka chachitatu cha moyo, mbewu zimasinthidwa bwino ndi achinyamata omwe adulidwa kuchokera kudula. Zidula zozikika mu Ogasiti zimasiyidwa nthawi yozizira popanda kusintha. M'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, amasinthidwa ndi miphika ya masentimita 9-11. Ngati pelargonium anakulira m'mundamo, nthawi ya kugwa, isanayambe chisanu, imalowetsedwa mnyumbamo. Mizu ya mbewuyi imafupikitsidwa ndikuyiyika mumphika wopanda madzi. Nsonga za mphukira za mitengo amazidulira.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Ndi wopanda kuwala, wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kuthilira kwambiri, pelargonium imatha kuwola khosi ndi mizu, tizirombo - nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zovala zoyera zimawoneka. Kuti mupewe izi, ma geraniums amafunika kupereka malo abwino omangidwa (opepuka, ozizira nthawi yozizira ndi kuthirira ochepa.
Mu pelargonium, mbewu zikagwidwa kuchokera panthaka kapena kuchokera pa khonde kupita nazo kunyumba, masamba amatha kutalika chikaso. Pambuyo acclimatization pansi zatsopano, chikaso cha masamba chimatha. Kukongoletsa masamba ndikotheka ngati nyengo yokonza nyengo yachisanu siziwoneka, komanso ndi matenda wamba a fungus - dzimbiri.
Ndi dzimbiri, masamba a pelargonium amathimbidwa ndi mawanga achikasu, kenako owuma. Pakadali pano pali mankhwala omwe amateteza mbewu ku matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya. Matenda a Pelargonium - malo okhala mbande amayamba chifukwa bowa omwe amakhudza mizu ndi maziko a mbuto, mbewu zimagwa. Popewa kufesa mbande, njere ziyenera zofesedwa m'dothi losawilitsidwa ndipo osaziphulitsa.
Pelargonium osiyanasiyana 'Clatterbridge'Zovuta
Masamba achikasu am'munsi.
Chifukwa: Ngati masamba akhalebe odikirira kapena m'mphepete kokha owuma, chifukwa chake ndikuchepa. Ngati masamba ndi aulesi kapena owola - nkhaniyi ndiye chinyezi chambiri. M'njira zonsezi, masamba amatha kugwa.
Kuchepa kwa m'mphepete mwa masamba.
Chifukwa: Kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Chotsani poto pawindo usiku wachisanu.
Mdima wakuda kwa tsinde.
Zifukwa: Matenda amiyendo yakuda. Chomera chodwala chimawonongedwa. M'tsogolomo, gwiritsani ntchito dothi loumbika ndipo pewani kufinya. Awa ndimatenda a tsinde lodulidwa, maziko a malekezero amade chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa bowa. Tsamba lotere limachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amiyendo yakuda ndikuphwetsa pansi kwa dothi kapena kapangidwe kake, komwe kumalepheretsa ngalande. Pofuna kupewa matenda amiyendo yakuda, dothi lochotseredwa liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusunga mitundu, mutha kuyesa kutulutsa chomera.
Pelargonium © nicovanosZoyipa za Bare; kugwa kwa masamba apansi.
ChifukwaKuchepa kwa kuwala - Pelargoniums ndi mafoto.
Mapiritsi ofewa amadzi pamasamba.
Chifukwa: Edema ndimatenda opatsirana omwe amakhudzana ndi kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka. Kuchepetsa kuthirira.
Grey nkhungu pamasamba.
Chifukwa: Zowola zazimvi zochitidwa ndi Botrytis; kumachitika ndi kudula kwamadzi m'nthaka. Matenda opatsirana - chotsani masamba omwe akhudzidwa, gwiritsani ntchito ndi fungic yokhazikika, bwino podutsa chipinda ndikuchepetsa kuthirira
Kuperewera kwa maluwa kunyumba ya pelargonium.
Chifukwa: Ngati mbewu ikuwoneka yathanzi, ndiye kuti mwina mpweya ndiwofunda nthawi yozizira.
Ma Pelargoniums amalimbana ndi tizirombo, koma nthawi zina amakhudzidwa ndi nkhupakupa, nsabwe za m'masamba, ma weevil ndi ma whiteflies. Nkhupakupa, zofunda, zowola imvi zimawonongedwa ndi fungicides, ndipo nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zovala zoyera zimawopa kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi permethrin.
Pelargonium. © Ania MendrekNkhupakupa zimatha kuwonongeka posambitsa masamba (makamaka mosamala kuchokera kunsi) ndi kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kapena mankhwala a chamomile ndi sopo wobiriwira. Pambuyo maola awiri ndi awiri, tsambirani masamba ndi madzi. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kulimbana ndi zovala zoyera. Poterepa, mbewuyi iyenera kuchitidwa masiku atatu onse. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika kunja kwa malo okhala.
Pelargonium ndiwosasangalatsa, koma nthawi yomweyo chomera chokongola!
