Ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa mpanda kapena makoma osayenerera, veranda kapena doko pachithunzi chanu cha chilimwe, ndiye kuti nasturtium imakukwanire. Chomera chokhala ndi maluwa owala bwino ndi masamba ambiri amawoneka okongola komanso osangalatsa.
Kukula mwachangu kwa nasturtium komanso maluwa ochulukirachulukira, kusasamala kwake komanso kulima kosavuta kunapangitsa kuti duwa lokondedwa lisakhale pakati pa wamaluwa okha. Nasturtium imatha kukula komanso kutulutsa bwino kunyumba, kukongoletsa loggia kapena khonde.
Kufotokozera ndi mitundu ya nasturtium
Nasturtium mu mawonekedwe a mpesa kapena shrub imasiyanitsidwa ndi phesi lopaka zipatso, chithokomiro chokhala ndi kanjedza, masamba amkati kapena masamba owongolera komanso maluwa osawoneka bwino.
Maluwa achikasu kapena ofiira atha kukhala terry, theka-terry kapena zosavuta. Amakhala ndi chubu chopangidwa ndi minyewa, manda asanu kapena kupitilira apo ndi pamwala. Chipatso chomwe chimapangika pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa nasturtium chimakhala ndi loboti itatu yolumikizidwa ndi impso yokhala ndi nthangala zooneka ngati impso.
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya nasturtium ndikuti zimayambira ndi maluwa ake ali ndi chidwi ndi ziphuphu ndipo khalani ndi katundu wochiritsa.
Wokongola kudzikolo kwawo amakula ngati mbewu yosatha. Koma nasturtium simalola kutentha kwa subzero, chifukwa chake imalima m'minda yathu ngati pachaka. Mwa alimi a maluwa, mitundu isanu ya mbewu ndiyodziwika kwambiri.
Nasturtium yaying'ono
Chomera chodula 35 masentimita okhala ndi masamba opyapyala, masamba apatali kwambiri ndi masamba ozunguliridwa amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, omwe mainchesi ake ndi atatu cm.
Maluwa achikasu okhala ndi malo amdima amasiyana zopindika zolimba ndipo ma velvety petals adaloza m'mphepete. Timaluwa tating'ono ta Nasturtium kuyambira June mpaka Okutobala. Mitundu yodziwika bwino:
- "Nyemba zakuda" ndi chomera chomwe chili ndi maluwa osavuta, m'mimba mwake osapitirira masentimita 6. Mtundu wawo wamdima wakuda umatha kuoneka ngati wakuda.
- "Cherry rose" imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa awiri owala ofiira owala.
Chikhalidwe nasturtium
Chomera chamtunduwu chimaphatikiza hybrids za nasturtium zazikulu komanso chishango. Amasiyana kutalika ndi mawonekedwe. Itha kukhala mitundu yocheperako yomwe imamera mpaka 15−20 cm, kapena tchire lalitali lotalika mpaka 50 cm.
Mitundu ina ya chikhalidwe nasturtium ndi mbewu zokwawa, kutalika kwa zimayambira zomwe zingakhale zazitali mamita 4. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi:
- "Kuwala kwa mwezi" - kumakula mpaka mamitala awiri kutalika ndi maluwa omwe amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu achikaso.
- "Golden Globe" ndi chitsamba chooneka ngati buluzi, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 25 basi. Mtengowo umazunguliridwa ndi masamba obiriwira, akulu, ozungulira, mpaka mainchesi 6.5. Maluwa a Terry amtunduwu ali ndi utoto wachikasu.
- "Gleming Mahagani" amasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa ofiira otentha ndipo amakula mpaka 37 cm.
Nasturtium ndi yayikulu
Ichi ndi chomera chophukira kwambiri chomwe chimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 250. Mitundu yolondola yamtunduwu wa nasturtium imakula mpaka 70 cm. wobiriwira wopepuka, wozungulira, masamba akulu.
Kunja kwa mapepala ndi imvi. Zimafalikira bwino podzilima pokha ndipo pachimake kuyambira pachilimwe mpaka kumapiri kwambiri. Nasturtium yayikulu imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe mitundu yamtchire imatha kusiyanitsidwa:
- "Ladybug" imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa apricot, omwe mkati mwake mumakhala malo owotcha.
- "Salmon Baby" - chomera chomwe chili ndi maluwa ocheperako.
- "Peach Melba" - mbewu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi maluwa a kirimu, mkati mwake muli malo ofiira.
- "King Theodore" amasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa ofiira owala.
Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro
Mtengowo ndi chitsamba cholimira, chosalimba, chowutsa mudyo, mphukira zobiriwira zakuda zomwe zimamera mpaka mamita anayi. Pa iwo pali masamba obiriwira a chithokomiro komanso abwino maluwa ofiira akuda.
Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kuyambira June mpaka Okutobala. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi: "Lusifara" - mbewuyo ndi tchire lowongoka ndipo imakula mpaka 25 cm.
Masamba akulu akulu obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wakuda. Pa maluwa obiriwira opepuka, maluwa ofanana owoneka ngati malalanje amatulutsa masentimita 6 mulifupi.
Yachilendo kapena Canary Nasturtium. Kukula mpaka masentimita 350, abodza amatha kukhala osachedwa kuluka komanso ma arbor. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri okhala ndi masamba pang'ono komanso maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu.
Maluwa a Canary nasturtium amakhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso opindika. Limamasula kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kukafika pachisanu.
Mukadzala nasturtium panthaka
Zomera zobzalira kusunga kumera kwa zaka 4−5, kotero kuti zitha kusungidwa ndikusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Mbewu zitha kufesedwa panthaka kumapeto kwa may. Kuti muchite izi, amakwiriridwa m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 50-60. Chifukwa cha izi, chipolopolo chimafewa ndipo chimaswa.
Chotsatira, muyenera kukumba, kumasula ndi kudzala manyowa nthaka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera manyowa, phulusa lamatabwa ndi superphosphate m'nthaka.
Mtunda pakati pa mabowo ukhale wa 25-25 mpaka 30. Wofesedwa mu bowo lililonse mbewu ziwiri kapena zitatuozama ndi masentimita 2-3.
Mbewu zoyambirira zimayenera kuonekera pakatha milungu iwiri. Nasturtium yofesedwa poyera imaphuka masiku 40-50.
Kukula nasturtium kuchokera kumbewu kunyumba
Mbewu imafesedwa ndi njere m'njira ziwiri: pofesa mbewu mwachindunji; kukula mbande kunyumba.
Kuti tipeze maluwa oyambirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kukula mbande za nasturtium kuchokera kumbewu. Kunyumba, kufesa kumachitika kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kutenga miphika ya peat kapena pulasitiki 9 cm.
Mbewu zitatu zimayikidwa mumphika uliwonse wodzazidwa ndi dothi. Zophatikizira mmera zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena cellophane ndikuyika malo otentha.
Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, galasi limachotsedwa ndi miphika Zokonzedwa pamalo owala. Kusamalira mbande imakhala nthawi yake kuthirira. Kukhwinyata nasturtium sikulimbikitsidwa, popeza mizu yokhazikika ya chomera sichimalola kupitilira.
Potseguka, mbande zimabzalidwa zipatsozi zitatha. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mosamala, ndi mtanda waukulu wapadziko lapansi. Masiku awiri mpaka atatu asanabzalidwe, mbewu zazing'ono nyengo yotentha masana kutulutsakupsa mtima.
Mbande zibzalidwe m'maenje, mtunda womwe uyenera kukhala 20−25 cm kwa mitundu yaying'ono, ndi masentimita 40 kuti mbewu zikwere. Pafupi ndi mitundu yayitali ya nasturtium, zogwirizira zimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo ikamatera.
Kukula mbande ndi bizinesi yovuta, koma chifukwa chake, mutha kupeza chomera cham'mera choyambirira, chomwe chidzakula msanga ndikuongoletsa malowa.
Nasturtium: Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera
Mtengowo umalimbikitsidwa kuti ubzalidwe kutetezedwa ndi mphepo, m'malo abwino, chifukwa mumthunzi wa nasturtium umamasuka bwino. Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala chonde komanso chopepukachotseka bwino komanso pang'ono acidic.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala nasturtium panthaka yachilengedwe. Poterepa, mbewuyo imabzala zobiriwira ndikuphuka pang'ono.
Kusamalira nasturtium kumakhala kuthilira chomera nthawi zonse, Kupalira komanso kumasula malo ozungulira chitsamba. Mukabzala mbande, bedi limatha kuwumbika kenako namsongole suyenera kumenyedwa.
Kusamalira mbande ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchuluka, kuthirira nthawi zonse. Kutulutsa nasturtium kuyenera kuthiriridwa ngati kuli kofunikira. Nthaka iyenera kupukuta.
Sabata iliyonse, maluwa amalimbikitsidwa kudyetsedwa. feteleza wa potaziyamu. Zomera zikatulutsa, kuvala pamwamba kumayima.
Maluwa owuma ndi kuzimiririka ayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake. Izi zikuthandizira kutalika kwa mbewu. Ngati mukufuna mbewu, mutha kusiya mazira angapo kuti akhwime.
Pomwe zipsa, njere zimalekanitsidwa ndi peduncle ndikuyika firiji kuti ziume ndi kucha. Mbeu zokhwima zimayenera kukhala zoyera.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Chomera chimakhala ndi fungo linalake lomwe limachotsa tizirombo tina tambiri. Koma nthawi zina imatha kukhudzidwa ndi mzungu wa kabichi, ntchentche ya migodi, kangaude mite, aphid.
Kuwongolera kwa tizirombo ndi mankhwalawa tchire ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo zofunikira. Nthawi zina mmera umakhudzidwa ndi matenda. Nthawi zambiri zitha kukhala:
- imvi zowola, pomwe masamba owuma a bulauni amawoneka pamasamba;
- mabakiteriya osilira, omwe mu gawo loyamba amawonekera ndi kufooka kwa masamba otsika, kenako mwa kufota chitsamba chonse;
- dzimbiri ndi zithunzi zopindika ndi matenda omwe masamba akuda ndi a bulauni amawonekera pamasamba.
Kulimbana ndi matenda awa pokonza mbewu kukonzekera kwapadera kwa mankhwala ndi bakiteriya. Masamba owonongeka amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa tizirombo pa tchire la nasturtium komanso kuti tisayambitse matenda, masamba a chomera amayenera kuwunikiridwa pafupipafupi. Masamba omwe amakhudzidwa amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndi chitsamba pofuna kupewa kufafaniza ndi mowa ndi sopo wamadzimadzi.
Zochulidwa kwa nthangala, ndipo zibzalidwe panthaka, nasturtium, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zimakusangalatsani ndi maluwa ake okongola komanso kugwedezeka kwamasamba mpaka chisanu.
Mitundu yake yosaphimbidwa imabzalidwe m'njira, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malire a malire. Ma tchire apamwamba adapangidwa mipanda, makhoma a nyumbayo, makonde, malo otetezedwa.
