Kubzala, chisamaliro ndi kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaluwa, kuwerengera

Mtambo wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, wokutidwa ndi utoto woyera, wonunkhira, wowawasa komanso wowawasa wokondedwa amakondedwa ndi ambiri, ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira zomwe zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati mwathupi lathunthu. Ndi mabulosi atsopano, momwe kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimasungidwa, zomwe zimayamikiridwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi.

Blueberries imateteza mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi, kuyendetsa kapamba ndi matumbo, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa maselo amitsempha, ndipo, chifukwa chake, chotupa cham'mimba, kubwezeretsa masomphenya, kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala othandizira, kuchulukitsa kagayidwe komanso amachepetsa shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zimatha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha poizoniyu, ndizothandiza pa matenda oopsa, matenda amitsempha, matenda opatsirana, ma antioxidants, omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa, ndipo amatha kuthandizira ndikuyambitsa mphamvu ya okalamba. Zothandiza sikuti ndi zipatso zokha, komanso masamba a blueberry. Msuzi wawo umalimbikitsa matenda a mtima.

Ndizosadabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri masiku ano akufuna kubzala mabulosi odabwitsawa pa ziwembu zawo. Tsoka ilo, mitengo yolima mitengo ya m'nkhalango sikuti ingalimidwe, koma mitundu yambiri yam'nyumba ndiyopezeka kwa olima, omwe mbande zake zitha kugulidwa m'masitolo ndikubzala patsamba lanu. Mwina zipatso zamitundumitundu sizili ndi mavitamini ambiri ngati anzawo, koma patsani kukolola kwakukulu, zipatso zokulirapo ndipo amalimbana ndi mitundu yambiri ya matenda ndi tizilombo tina. Zachidziwikire, izi sizitanthauza kuti chisamaliro sichofunikira pa buliberries. Kukula kwa mabuluwa sikuti kwa aulesi, tchire lawo ndi loyera ndipo limafunikira kubzala koyenera komanso kuyang'anira molondola, mwachangu.

Zabwino ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yamaluwa yamtchire

1. Monga tidanenera kale, mabulosi am'munda ali ndi mavitamini ochepa poyerekeza ndi zipatso zamtchire. Koma kusiyana pakati pawo ndikochepa, malinga ndi maphunziro omwe amapangidwa poyerekeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatsozi, mawonekedwe awo amomwe amapangira mankhwala ndi omwewo.
2. Inde, mitundu yonse yamaluwa imakhala ndi mabulosi akulu, amtundu, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Komanso, mosiyana ndi tchire lakutchire, tchire la kanyumba kamapereka mbewu yayikulupo, zitsamba zake zimakutidwa ndi zipatso zofewa za buluu.
3. Chitsamba chamaluwa cha maluwa ndi chachikulu kwambiri kuposa zakutchire ndipo chimatha kubereka zipatso mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu mutabzala mu nthaka. Mwachilengedwe, izi ndizosatheka, chifukwa mitundu yamtchire imayamba kubala zipatso osati kale kuposa chaka cha khumi ndi chisanu mutatha kukula, kulimbikitsa ndi kukula.

Zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa zamaluwa

Mpaka pano, obereketsa abereka mitundu yayikulu yamitundu yambiriosiyanasiyana pamakhalidwe ndi machitidwe awo. Ganizirani otchuka aiwo.

Malo kapena chithaphwi

Ziphuphu zamtchire zimatha kupezeka m'dera lililonse lakumpoto, ku Russia nthawi zambiri zimamera ku Far East, Urals ndi Siberia. Madambo obiriwira amakhala osasinthika, monga nyengo yozizira kwambiri ndipo amakula ku tundra, pamatanthwe ndi paphokoso, nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango zotentha komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Kutalika kwa tchire nthawi zambiri sikopitilira 30 cm, kumatha kubereka zipatso mpaka zaka 80-100, koma zipatso zoyamba, zosowa zimapatsa zaka 11-18 zokha.

Magiredi oyambirira

Mutha kusangalala ndi zipatso za mitunduyi mkati mwa chilimwe.

• Blueberries Mkulu (Duke) amapereka zipatso zambiri zokongola kwambiri za buluu zokhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 17mm. Koma zipatsozo zimakhala ndi kukoma kofatsa, komwe kumangokhala bwino pambuyo pozizira, kusayendetsedwa bwino ndikusungidwa. Zosiyanasiyana sizilekerera nthaka yonyowa kwambiri.
• Stanley (Stanley) imapereka zipatso zazikuluzikulu za buluu zomwe sizimata pambuyo pokhwima ndikuwoneka bwino, koma osaposa 5 kg. kuthengo.
• Airlibl (Earliblue) ili ndi zokolola zambiri mpaka 7 kg. kuchokera kutchire, koma kukoma kwa zipatso sikunatchulidwe ndipo kuyendetsa kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri chifukwa chosunga bwino mbewu.

Mitundu ya Mid-msimu

Ndinasangalatsidwa ndi zokolola zamaluwa kumapeto kwa Julayi.

• Elizabeti (Elizabeti) zamtunduwu zimakupatsirani zokolola zabwino (mpaka 6 makilogalamu. Kuchokera pachitsamba), onunkhira kwambiri, okoma komanso zipatso zazikulu kwambiri (mpaka 16 mm), koma amabala zipatso kokha pa Ogasiti 1, chifukwa chake zipatso sizikhala ndi nthawi yakucha nthawi yachisanu yadzuwa.
• Patriot (Patriot) akupatsirani zipatso zazikuluzikulu (mpaka 19mm) kuchokera pa Julayi 21, koma kukoma kwawo sikokwanira.
• Blujej (Bluejay). Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wopanda zolakwa zilizonse. Wamphamvu tchire lamphamvu kuyambira pakati pa Julayi kwambiri pamabala zipatso zambiri, koma wandiweyani, osasweka ndi zipatso zokoma. Bhonasi yowonjezera ndiyoti chitsamba chimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri (mpaka 6 kg) ndipo zipatso zimayendetsedwa bwino.

Late Blueberry Zosiyanasiyana

Wamaluwa akusangalala ndi zokolola pofika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti ndi Sepemba woyamba.

• Eliot (Elliot) zipatso zazing'ono komanso zazing'onoting'ono zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi fungo labwino, lonunkhira bwino, ndizokhalitsa komanso kuphimba chitsamba kwambiri, koma chitsamba chokha sichilola nyengo yozizira.
• Ivanhoe (Ivanhoe) chitsamba champhamvu kwambiri chimakutidwa ndi zipatso zikuluzikulu, zokuta zonunkhira bwino. Koma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osiyanasiyana, tchire limatha kutulutsa moperewera.
• Jersey (Jersey) Tchire lolimba nthawi yachisanu limapatsa zipatso zochuluka (mpaka 6 makilogalamu) za zipatso zowonda, zabwino kwambiri, zomwe, kuposa pamenepa, sizikakamizidwa, zomwe zimapatsa eni ake mipando yabwino yosungirako ndi mayendedwe. Mwa ma minuse, mwina, mutha kungotcha kukula kwakukulu kwa zipatsozo, koma izi zimaphatikizira poyerekeza ndi zabwino zake.

Mitundu yabwino yamabuluku obzala m'minda yosiyanasiyana

Musanagule mitundu yamaluwa yomwe mumakonda, muyenera kuzidziwa bwino ndi zopindulitsa ndi zovuta zake, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera nyengo yanthawi yina. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi omwe amabweretsa kukolola bwino ndipo samvera m'mlengalenga ndi malo okukula, ndipo pali mitundu yosakhwima kwambiri yomwe singalole kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi kutentha.

Choyimira chachikulu posankha mitundu yazinthu zingapo zabuluni ziyenera kukhala zochitika zadera lanu.

Panthawi yovuta kwambiri ku Siberia ndi ku Urals, ndikofunikira kubzala mitundu yotsika, yomwe, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo pang'onopang'ono, imatha kupulumuka posachedwa ndi chisanu. Tchire lokwera liyenera kugwada pansi ndikuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu. M'madera ovuta a kumpoto, Isakievskaya, Divnaya ndi Yurkovskaya blueberries amazika bwino ndipo amabala zipatso.

M'malo ofunda, ndikofunikira kubzala mitundu yaku America, monga Blucrop, Northland, Patriot. Tchire zazitali ndi zipatso zoyambirira zimamera bwino nyengo imeneyi.

Kutenga ndi kusamalira

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Kubzala mabuliberiy, choyambirira sankhani malo abwino dzuwaKutetezedwa mosavomerezeka ku mphepo. Yang'anirani makamaka kuwunikira: ngati chitsamba chabzalidwa mumthunzi, mbewu yanu ikhale yaying'ono, yopanda pake komanso yaying'ono. Onaninso dothi kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwake acidic - ma bulugiriwo amakula kokha munthaka yac acid. Chizindikiro choyenera cha acidity ndi pH 3.5-4.5. Komanso malo omwe mukubzala bulberries ayenera kukhala atsopano, osalimidwa kale. Ngakhale pang'ono, malowo amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito “pansi pang'onopang'ono” kwa zaka zingapo asanadzalemo.

Kubzala nyengo

Bzalani mabuliberi pansi zotheka mu kasupe ndi yophukira, koma mmera wobzalidwa masika umakhala ndi nthawi yokulirapo chilimwe, ndiye kuti sizivuta kuyendetsa nyengo yozizira.

Kubzala masika

Kubzala mabuliberi pansi ndikofunikira kuti impso zisanatupe. Mukamasankha mmera, sankhani zomwe zimagulitsidwa mumiphika kapena m'mbale. Musanabzale, tsitsani mphika mu chidebe chakuya ndi madzi kwa theka la ora, chotsani mmerawo ndikuyesetsa kuwongola mizu ndikuyeretsa kuchokera pamalo ogulitsira.

Pakubzala mbande, ikani dzenje m'chigawo chabwino cha theka la mita kuchokera pakatali pafupifupi theka la mita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake (chifukwa cha mitundu yobiriwira), kapena mita (yayitali). Mumasuleni pansi pa mabowo ndikupanga acidic mwa iwo kuti mabulosi abuluwo azikhala pansi. Chifukwa chaichi ikani peat yosakanikirana ndi singano pansi, utuchi ndi kuwonjezera 50 gr. sulfure, sakanizani gawo lonse lapansi ndi yaying'ono. Tsopano ikani mmera m'dzenje, pofalitsa mizu yake ndikuphimba ndi dothi, ndikuthira ndikuphimba ndi dothi losakaniza ndi peat.

Mutabzala, mbande zimamwetsa madzi milungu iwiri iliyonse, ndikupangira madzi okwanira malita 5 ndi 20 g. citric acid kapena apple cider viniga.

Yophukira

Kuyimitsa Autumn ndikubwereza machitidwe onse kuchokera pandime yapitayi. Koma mutabzala, mmera wazaka chimodzi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zonse zofooka ndi zofooka ndi secateurs, ndipo nthambi zonse zolimba ziyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi theka. Chonde dziwani kuti kudulira kwa biennial mbande sikuchitika.

Kusamalira mabulosi abulu

Zomera zilizonse zachilendo pafupi ndi bloeberry bush clog micropores m'nthaka, zomwe zimapereka chakudya ku mizu. Chifukwa chake, lamulo lalikulu kwa wokhalamo chilimwe amene wasankha kuchita nawo ulimi wamtunduwu ndi kupalira pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi zonse ndikuchotsa maudzu onse. Kuphatikiza apo, kusamalira kumaphatikizanso kumasula mobwerezabwereza panthaka. Popeza gawo lalikulu la mizu ya mabulosi am'munsi limakhala lakuya masentimita 20, kumasula sikumayambira 10 cm.

Ngakhale nyengo yamvula, madzi amathiridwa madzi masabata awiri aliwonse, ndipo kunja kukutentha, m'mawa ndi madzulo, pomwe kulibe dzuwa lotentha, chitsamba chija chimapakidwa madzi otentha. Kutsirira kumachitika 2 pa tsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo chidebe chamadzi kuthengo. Osanyalanyaza ntchito izi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe kumatengera madzi.

Kufalitsa kwa Blueberry ndikotheka m'njira zitatu zazikulu:

1. Kufesa mbewu ndi njira yotalikitsa kwambiri komanso yopweteka kwambiri yomwe mbewu yathunthu imayembekezereka kwa zaka 10
2. Zamasamba. Chimodzi mwa nthambi zake chimakwiririka ndikuthiridwa ndi dothi kuti chipange mizu.
3. Kufalikira ndi kudula. Monga lamulo, nthambi zomwe zatsalira pambuyo poti zizidulira mchaka zimadulidwa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Ma Blueberries ndi onyenga kwambiri komanso osankhika, koma amakumana ndi mavalidwe othokoza. Feteleza ziyenera kuyambitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, masamba atayamba kutuphuka ndikuyenda kwa timadziti timayambitsa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kokha ndi feteleza wama mchere omwe ali ndi acid acid, organics imakhala yovulaza kwa ma blueberries. Feteleza wabwino kwambiri yemwe amamezedwa ndi ma buliberries ndikuthandizira pakukula ndi chitukuko - superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potaziyamu sulfate, magnesium sulfate. Ma feteleza onse a nayitrogeni (ammonium sulfate) amayambitsidwa m'magawo atatu: munthawi yomwe nthaka idatupa, koyambirira kwa Meyi ndi kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Mkulu pachitsamba, umafunikira kwambiri feteleza.

Blueberry pawokha imakuuzani mtundu wa mavalidwe omwe amafunikira. Chifukwa chake, ngati masamba ake adasanduka ofiira kasupe, amafunika ma phosphates, ndipo ngati masambawo adakhala ochepa ndikufota, chitsamba chimaphatikizidwa ndi nayitrogeni, kudera masamba apamwamba kukuwonetsa kusowa kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka, ndipo chikaso chikusonyeza kusowa kwa boron.

Kukonzekera ndi kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu

Pofuna kudya phwando labwino kwambiri chaka chilichonse, nthawi yophukira, masamba asanathere, chitsamba chizidulidwa. Komabe, nthambi zokayikitsa komanso zodwala zitha kudulidwedwa nthawi yotentha komanso nthawi yophukira. Chotsani maluwa ku tchire chaka choyamba. Kotero kuti tchire zazing'ono nthawi yophukira sizimataya kulemera kwa zokolola zawo, tambiri zaka zaka 2-4 nthambi zimatsimikizika kuti zidula mchaka, mwanjira imeneyi mutha kukwaniritsa mafupa olimba komanso amphamvu a chomera. M'matchu a zaka zinayi, nthambi zonse zomwe zimakhala zaka zopitilira zisanu zimachotsedwa.

Kukula kwa mabedi m'masamba

Mukamasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyumba yachilimwe pafupi ndi Moscow, samalani ndi mitundu yayitali yomwe imakula mosavuta m'malo ovuta ndikupereka zipatso zochuluka za zipatso zokoma ndi zonenepa. Zoyenera ku dera la Moscow, nyengo zamitundu yaku America ndizoyenera. Ngati pali njuchi pafupi ndi dacha, onetsetsani mitundu yosakhala yophatikiza ya mitundu ya mabulosi aku America - atapukutira, perekani mbewu yabwino ndi yayikulu.

Komanso, mwayi wa mitunduyi ndikuti atakhwima zipatso amatha kuziwotcha panthambi kwa milungu itatu.

Pokomera mitundu iyi malinga ndi nyengo ya Moscow Region, imanenanso kuti amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri pansi pa chipale chofewa. Inde, isanayambe nyengo yozizira, nthambi ziyenera kutsitsidwa pansi ndikuphimbidwa.

Ndemanga zakukula m'munda wamaluwa