Nectarine

Nectarine, wotchedwanso pichesi, ndi pichesi yosiyanasiyana yomwe khungu limakhala losalala, ngati maula. Ku China, mbewuyi idalimidwa kwa zaka zoposa 2,000. Kulongosola koyambirira kwa chikhalidwe ichi ku Europe kudayamba m'zaka za zana la 14. Kutchulidwa koyamba kotchedwa nectarine ku magwero a Chingerezi kunadziwika mu 1616, pomwe ku Ulaya kunayamba kutchuka m'zaka za zana la 20 pokhapokha ngati mitundu yayikulu yazomera zotere itapezeka. Masiku ano, kulima kwachikhalidwe ichi pamalonda kumachitika ku Mediterranean, monga ku Tunisia, Kupro, Italiya, Greece, komanso m'maiko omwe kale anali Yugoslavia. Poyerekeza ndi pichesi, nectarine amagonjera tizirombo ndi matenda, ndipo mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu imatha kubzalidwa ngakhale m'chigawo cha Volgograd.

Mpaka pano, asayansi alibe yankho lenileni, kodi nectarine zidakhalako bwanji? Kodi izi ndi chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa kapena zimawonekera mwachilengedwe? Amakhulupirira kuti nthawi zina nectarines amakula pamtengo wamapichesi ndi mosemphanitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali lingaliro kuti kuwonjezera pa pichesi, maula a China, apricot ndi amondi nawonso adatengapo gawo pakupanga chikhalidwe chatsopanochi. Pankhani imeneyi, mbewu iyi ndi zovuta kuzindikirika wosakanizidwa. Dzinalo nectarine limachokera ku liwu loti "nectar" ndiye kuti zipatsozi zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Zomwe zikuchitika ku Nectarine

Kutalika kwa nectarine kumatha kusiyana 4 mpaka 7 metres, pomwe mainchesi korona amatha kukhala mamita 3-4. Ma sheet a ma sheet adasokoneza mbali. Maluwa amayamba masamba asanaphuke. Chophimbidwa ndi maluwa apinki, mbewuyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi mtengo wamaluwa wamaluwa. Zipatso za zikhalidwe ziwirizi ndizofanana kwambiri kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake, khungu la nectarine limakhala loterera komanso losalala, pomwe pichesi yake imakhala yoterera. Chipatso choyambirira cha nectarine chimatha kukhala chachikaso, chikaso chofiira, chitumbuwa, chobiriwira, chikasu, chikaso chofiira komanso chofiira. Peach ndiofewa kuposa timadzi tokoma.

Kucha zipatso kumatenga miyezi 3-5 ndipo nthawi yomweyo amafunika kutentha. Motere, mtengo uwu umalimidwa m'madera omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso yotentha. Chomera chachikulu chimakhala ndi chisanu kwambiri, chimatha kupirira chisanu mpaka madigiri 32, komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kufa kwamaluwa kumawonedwa kale madigiri 2.

Kuphatikiza pa pichesi, nectarine amadziwika kuti ndi wachibale pazipatso zotsatirazi: ma amondi, ma plum, ma quinces, mitengo ya ma apulo, mapeyala, apricots, irgi, chitumbuwa, chitumbuwa, phulusa la mapiri, chokeberry, cotoneaster, galu. Nectarine amabzalidwa poyera komanso amasamalidwa pafupifupi ngati nthawi yobzala pichesi, komabe pali kusiyana.

Kubzala nectarine wakunja

Nthawi yobzala

M'madera akum'mwera kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala nectarine panthaka yophukira. Ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala chisanu m'derali, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kuyamba kubzala mbewu yoterayo. Mu Crimea komanso kum'mwera kwa Ukraine, kubzala kwa mbewuyi kutha kuchitika mu nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira.

Nectarine amakula bwino pamchenga komanso dothi louma, pomwe sangabzalidwe pa dothi lolemera. Komanso, chifukwa chodzala, ndizosatheka kusankha madera omwe pansi pake pamakhala madzi osaya, komanso malo omwe mavwende ndi mbewu zosakanikirana ndi dzuwa, kavalidwe, alfalfa ndi sitiroberi posachedwa sizinayenere kuchita izi, chifukwa ndizotheka kuti mtengo ungathe kugunda verticillosis. Pakubzala mbewuyi, ndibwino kusankha tsamba lomwe lili kum'mwera kwa malowo, pomwe ziyenera kudziwika kuti sizingatheke kuti nectarine ikhale pamthunzi kwa maola opitilira 1.5-2 patsiku, kotero sipayenera kukhala nyumba kapena malo ena mitengo. Komanso, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti ibzale pafupi ndi pichesi, chifukwa chiopsezo chogonjetsedwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, ngakhale omwe ali osavulaza pichesi, amawonjezeka.

Kubzala kwa nectarine m'dzinja

Kukonzekera dzenjelo kuyenera kuchitika masiku 15-20 asanakwere. Kukula kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala 0,7x0.7x0.7 m. Pakatikati pa dzenje, pakhale mtengo wamtengo, womwe uyenera kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 150. Pokonzekera dzenjelo, dothi lapamwamba liyenera kupindidwa mbali, kenako limaphatikizidwa ndi magalamu 150 a superphosphate ndi ndi ma kilogalamu 10 a kompositi yoyenda. Mixture ya dothi losakanizidwa liyenera kuthiridwa mkati mwa dzenjelo kuti phiri lipezeke.

Akatswiri amalangiza kugula mbande zapachaka kuti zibzalidwe, pomwe zokolola ziyenera kuperekedwa ku mitundu yosinthidwa ndi nyengo ya mdera lanu. Chitani zowunika mmera, chifukwa uyenera kukhala wathanzi kwathunthu. Mizu simuyenera kukhala ndi mizu yovunda kapena yowuma, makungwa amayenera kupaka utoto wobiriwira mkati, ndipo pasapezeke kuwonekera pa katemera.

Pamtunda, womwe unatsanulidwa pakati pa dzenje, muyenera kukhazikitsa mmera. Mizu yake ikakhala yowongoka bwino, dzenjelo liyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi lotsalira. Mukabzala mbewu, onetsetsani kuti malo omwe akumalumikiza akwera pamwamba pamtunda wa malowo ndi 30-40 mm. Sulani dothi bwino kuchokera m'mphepete mwa dzenjelo pakati, ndikuthira malita 40-50 amadzi mu "dzenje". Madzi atatha kuzimiratu, malo ogwiritsira ntchito katemera akhale pamlingo womwewo ndi nthaka. Zitatha izi, mtengowo umamangiriridwa ndi msomali, kenako umazunguliridwa mpaka kutalika kwa 0,2-0.3 m ndipo nthaka youma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. M'nyengo yozizira, pamwamba pa thunthu mozungulira muyenera kuzikongoletsa ndi mulch (kompositi), womwe ukulu wake uyenera kukhala kuyambira mainchesi 8 mpaka 10.

Momwe mungabzala nectarine kasupe

Kubzala masika timadzi tokoma, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikonzekere dzenjelo nthawi yophukira. Potere, dzenjelo limapangidwa ndikukonzekera chimodzimodzi monga nthawi yobzala mu kugwa. Poterepa, muyenera kubzala mmera mu kasupe chimodzimodzi ndi nthawi yophukira. Komabe, pali kusiyana kumodzi: pakubzala kwa masika, sapling sizinazidwe.

Chisamaliro cha Nectarine

Chisamaliro cha Nintarine cha Spring

Kuthana ndi matenda a nectarine ku tizirombo timachitika mkati mwa Epulo, pomwe mbewuyo imalowetsedwa pa masamba a Karbofos. Kudukiza kwachiwiri kwa mtengowu kumachitika m'chigawo chobiriwiracho - iyi ndi pomwe tsamba la tsamba "limatuluka" ku impso. Pa mankhwalawa, yankho la Bordeaux fluid (3%) limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kudulira kwamphamvu kumachitika masamba atawonekera pachomera. Mukadula, ndikofunikira kuchita kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti motere sizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mkuwa (mwachitsanzo, Bordeaux). Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga Karbofos ndi Fozalon akulimbikitsidwa, pomwe amaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira matenda a fungus, mwachitsanzo, ndi Kuprozan, Polycarbacin kapena Benlat. Chomera chikazirala, mankhwalawa amabwerezedwanso.

Pambuyo kukhetsa kwa owonjezera ovary kutha, ndikofunikira kutengera katundu zipatso. Chifukwa chake, pamasentimita 10-15 akuwombera kuyenera kukhala ndi ovary imodzi yokha, zowonjezera ziyenera kuchotsedwa, apo ayi mwina mbewuzo sizingalimbane ndi kuuma kwazipatsozo.

Chisamaliro cha Chilimwe cha Chilimwe

M'chilimwe, mtengo wotere umafunika kuthirira. Mikhalidwe ya nyengo imakhudza kusinthasintha kwa kuthirira ndi kuchuluka kwawo. M'nyengo yotentha, nectarine adzafunika chithandizo cha 2 kapena 3 kuti achotse masamba opindika, chifukwa gwiritsani ntchito njira ya Delan kapena njira zina zofananira.

Munthawi ya kukula kwa zipatso, kotero kuti zimakhala ndi shuga komanso zimakhala ndi utoto wokhazikika, timadzi tambiri ta foliar timadyetsedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potaziyamu. Masabata 4 asanakolole, chomera chidzafunikira kuthilira, chifukwa cha izi kukula kwa zipatso kungakuwonjezere ndi 1/3. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti mpaka zokolola zitatengedwa, nectarine sangathenso kuthiriridwa.

Autumn Nectarine Care

Kuchokera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe adzakhale m'nthaka pakuyika maluwa, kuthana kwawo kwa chisanu kumadalira mwachindunji. Chifukwa chake, zipatso zonse zikakololedwa, nthawi zambiri mu Ogasiti-Sepemba, mtengowo uyenera kuthiriridwa kwambiri.

M'masiku oyamba a Okutobala, masamba asanayambike, pofuna kupewa matenda a fungus, mbewuyo imayenera kuthandizidwa ndi Bordeaux.

M'masiku omaliza a Okutobala kapena woyamba wa Novembala, pomwe masamba onse agwa, muyenera kuyeretsa malo omwe timadzi timene timamera. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutula masamba onse omwe ali ndi masamba ndi zinyalala zina za mbewu ndikuwononga kuti tizirombo tosiyanasiyana titha kukhazikika mwaiwo nthawi yachisanu. Kenako pangani kuthirira kwa mtengo kuthirira. Mtengowo ukathiriridwa, uyenera kuthiridwa mchere ndi mkuwa m'matenda a fungus, komanso Nitrafen - kuwononga tizirombo tomwe tinakhazikika nthawi yozizira m'nthaka komanso pansi pa makungwa.

Kuthirira nectarine

Mutakhwimitsa mbeu m'mipatso, timadzi tokoma tiyenera kuthiriridwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ngati njirayi ikuchitika pasadakhale, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosemphana ndi chipatsocho. Mukukula, mitundu ya zipatso mochedwa ndi yakucha ikhoza kuthiriridwa nthawi 4 mpaka 6 musanakolole, ndipo zipatso zoyambirira ziyenera kuthiriridwa katatu kapena katatu.

Pofuna kuti zipatsozo zikhale zofunikira kwambiri, kuthirira kambiri kumakonzedwa masabata 4 nthawi yokolola isanachitike, kutengera kukula ndi mbeuyo, zidebe zamadzi 3-6 zimatengedwa pa 1 mita imodzi ya thunthu. Zipatso zonse zikakololedwa, magawo a kuyika maluwa pamene kuthilira nectarine pa 1 mita imodzi ya thunthu, mabatani 4 mpaka 7 amatengedwa.

Panthawi yothirira madzi, dothi liyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi akuya kwa 0.6-0.8 m.Ndi mu kuya komwe mizu yotsikira imapezeka.

Mavalidwe a Nectarine

Ngati mupopera mtengowo ndi yankho la urea (7%) mu nthawi ya masika, izi sizingowononga tizirombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda nthawi yozizira pakhungwa komanso pamwamba pa thunthu, koma chinthuchi chithandizanso nayitrogeni wazomera, womwe umafunika nthawi imeneyo . Koma dziwani kuti muyenera kufafaniza mtengowo pa masamba omwe sanatupebe, apo ayi atha. Zikatere kuti kuyamwa kwayamba kale, ndipo chithandizo cha urea sichinachitike, ndiye kuti njirayi iyenera kutha. Pankhaniyi, imachitika m'dzinja, pomwe masamba onse amagwa pachomera.

Nthawi yakula, mudzafunika kudyetsa nectarine m'njira ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zotsalazo: kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 80 magalamu a ammonium sulfate kapena ammonium nitrate (akhoza kulowetsedwa ndi 30-50 gramu ya urea), magalamu 10 a borax, 100 mpaka 150 magalamu a madzi am'madzi a superphosphate, 30 mpaka 60 magalamu amamwa pachidebe chimodzi cha madzi potaziyamu kloridi (kapena 50-70 magalamu a potaziyamu sodium), komanso magalamu 15 a manganese. Ngati mumadyetsa mbewuyo ikadzacha zipatso, ndiye kuti borax ndi nayitrogeni ziyenera kuchotsedwa muzosakaniza ndi michereyi.

Ngati mukukonzekera dzenjelo mutabzala feteleza zonse zofunikira m'nthaka, nectarine sadzafunika michere kwa zaka 5 kapena 6, makamaka ngati pamwamba pa thupilo chimakutidwa ndi mulch chaka chilichonse (humus kapena kompositi). Ngati nthawi yakudyetsa mtengowo, ndiye kuti muyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe m'nthaka kumachitika kamodzi zaka zingapo, kasupe mtengo amafunika nayitrogeni, ndipo nthawi yotentha ndi yophukira - potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Nectarine amafunika kudyetsedwa poganizira zosowa zikhalidwe lino.

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa

Kuti mtengo wamtengowu ukhale wathanzi nthawi zonse, amafunika kupopera mankhwala kupopera matenda ndi tizirombo. Momwe mungachitire nectarine mu impso zosatsutsika tafotokozazi. Mu gawo la cone wobiriwira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira mtengowo ndi yankho la Bordeaux (3%).

Chithandizo chotsatira cha matenda oyamba ndi tizirombo timachitika mu gawo la pinki, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosakanikirana: 40 magalamu a Cuprozan kapena 40 magalamu a Colicarbacin ndi kuwonjezera kwa magalamu 30 a Karbofos kapena magalamu 150 a colloidal sulfure amatengedwa pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Mtengo ukazirala, ndimomwe zimapangidwira, ngati pakufunika kutero, ukhoza kuthiliridwa kangapo, mwachitsanzo, ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tapezeka pa iye, komanso pamaso pa zikwangwani za powdery mildew kapena masamba opindika. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti theka la mwezi musanakolole, muyenera kuyimitsa chilichonse.

Masamba onse akagwera pamalowo, ayenera kuthana ndi yankho la Bordeaux osakanikirana (3%), omwe amawononga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakonda kusefera nyengo yachisanu, komanso kumtunda kwa chimtengo chake. Kenako, timadzi tokoma timathiridwa ndi yankho la Nitrafen (3%) kuti tiwononge tizirombo tina tonse tomwe timaganizira nthawi yozizira mumtengo komanso mozungulira. Mankhwalawa onse atha kusinthidwa ndi kutsitsi limodzi, komwe urea solution (7%) imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nectarine wachisanu

Mukugwa, chisanu chisanayambe, padzafunika kuchotsa masamba agwa ndikubzala zinyalala pamalowo, kuthirira madzi, kudyetsa ndikusintha mtengo. Pambuyo pake, chisanu chikakhala chokhazikika, pamwamba pa bwalo la thunthu lidzafunika lakutidwa ndi mulch (nsonga, utuchi, udzu, masamba a peat kapena masamba owuma), pomwe limakonzedwa pasadakhale. Pakakhala mvula, munthu sangachite nawo thunthu la thunthu, apo ayi zowola zimawoneka pakhosi lomwe limakutidwa ndi mulch. Komanso nthawi yophukira tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa maziko a nthambi za chigoba ndi thunthu la chomera, chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito laimu.

Kubzala mbande kumafunikira pogona nyengo yachisanu. Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa njanji zazitali mbali zonse za mmera. Kenako amaika thumba la shuga pa iwo komanso pamsawo womwewo. Kuti matenga amphepo asathe kubangula thumba, ayenera kuwaza ndi dothi kuchokera pansi. Kumpoto kwa Ukraine, pogona adzafunikanso pazomera zazaka ziwiri ndi zitatu. Kuti muchite izi, kuzungulira nectarine, muyenera kukhazikitsa slats 3 zazitali, ndikuziyendetsa pansi. Pamwambapa ayenera kulumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito waya. Zisanu zikadzafika, mawonekedwe ake amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi mapesi a chimanga kapena nthambi za spruce, kenako ndikukulungidwa ndi agrofibre. Kuti mapangidwe ake asawonongeke ndi mphepo yamkuntho, ayenera kumangidwa ndi twine. Kumbukirani kuti nectarine iyenera kuphimbidwa kokha chisanu chikamayamba.

Kudulira kwa Nectarine

Nthawi yakwana

Nectarine imafunikira kudulira kokhazikika. Kubala zipatso kumawonedwa pachaka chonse, chifukwa chake, podulira nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kuti tisunge ukhondo, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti mphukira zamtunduwu zikukula. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti ndikofunikira kuwononga chaka chilichonse ndikufupikitsa nthambi za mbewuyi. Kudulira koyamba kwa mtengo kuti udalidwe m'dzinja kudzangofunika pokhapokha masika otsatila musanayambike kuyamwa. Chapakatikati, mbewu zazing'ono zimafunika kudulira ndi ukhondo. M'dzinja, kuyeretsa kwaukhondo kwa nectarine kumachitika pokhapokha ngati pakufunika.

Momwe Mungadulire Nectarine

Monga lamulo, chisoti cha mtengo chimapangidwa ngati mbiya, kapena mbale.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa, korona amakhala wolimba, ndipo ngakhale ndi mbewu yotereyi ndizosavuta kuchotsa zipatsozo ndikosavuta kuzisamalira. Korona amapangidwa mchaka cha 4-5 zaka zoyambirira. Choyamba, nthambi za mafupa zimayikidwa. M'chaka choyamba, ndikofunikira kusankha nthambi ziwiri kapena zitatu zokhala ndi mbali yayitali yochoka, zimafupikitsidwa mpaka masentimita 10 pamtunda wakunja, pomwe nthambi zina zonse zimafunikira kudulidwa. Chaka chilichonse, nthambi za mafupa awiri kapena zitatu ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa, zomwe ziyenera kukhala kumbali yoyenera. Pangani nthambi ya nthambi yoyamba chaka chathachi, chachiwiri - chaka chatha, etc.

Pakapangidwa chisoti chachifumu, wochititsayo akuyenera kukwera pafupifupi 0,2-0.25 mamita pamwamba pa nthambi zam'mwamba zikuluzikulu .. Mpangidwe wa koronawo ukatha, wophunzitsayo ayenera kudulidwa pamlingo wa nthambi zapamwamba. Kutalika kwenikweni kwa tsinde ndi kuyambira pa 0,5 mpaka 06.6 Mphukira zomwe zimapezeka m'mbali mwa tsindezi zikutha, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti ikhale ndi nthawi yokwanira kuchita izi zisanachitike. Pali alimi omwe amakonda mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino, pamenepa nthambi za mafupa zimatha kuchoka pachimangacho pafupi ndi dothi. Fomuyi imathandizira kuletsa kwanthawi yayitali kukula kwa timadzi tokoma, ndipo kutolera zipatso ndi chisamaliro cha mitengo zimathandizidwanso kwambiri, chifukwa makwerero pankhaniyi safunika. Kutalika kolimbikitsidwa kwa mbewu yotereku kumachokera ku 250 mpaka 300 cm.

Kudulira kwa nectarine

Kudulira kwa nectarine, komanso ukhondo, kumachitika pa pinki Mphukira, chifukwa cha izi, onse amauma, ovulala, akhudzidwa ndi chisanu kapena matenda akudwala. Pakadali pano, kudulira kumachitidwanso kuti akupange zipatso, chifukwa, pa nthambi ya mafupa, muyenera kusankha mphukira ziwiri zophukira zomwe zimamera pafupi. Mphukira yomwe ikukula kwambiri pamwamba pa nthambi iyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi masamba 8-10, iyenera kubala zipatso munyengo ino. Mphukira ina, yomwe ili pafupi ndi thunthu, imafunikira kufupikitsidwa kwambiri kuti masamba awiri atsalire, kuchokera ku mfundo yolowa m'maloyi pakawonekera mphukira, yomwe ibala zipatso nyengo yamawa. "Kuthawa molondola" ndi chiyani? Pa mphukira iyi pamakhala zipatso komanso zipatso (zopatsa masamba). Kuchokera pa mfundo yomwe ilowe m'malo mwake nyengo yotsatira, ndikofunikira kupanga ulalo watsopano wazipatso. Momwemonso, mtengowo amawudulira chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa chaka, chifukwa cha zomwe mbewu zimakhazikika ndipo zipatsozo zimakhala zabwino.

Pomaliza maluwa ndi kutulutsa mazira owonjezera, ndikofunikira kusintha katundu wa mbewu. Chifukwa chake, pa nthambi pakadutsa masentimita 10 mpaka 10 pakayenera kukhala chipatso chimodzi chokha, pomwe mazira owonjezera ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikudula.

Momwe mungabzalire m'chilimwe

Ngati mtengo ukufalikira, ndiye kuti nthawi yotentha singadulidwe. Koma panthawiyi masamba osafunikira adadina kapena kuwonongeka, izi zidzapangitsa kukula kwa nthambi zatsopano ndikupanga nthambi zanthete.

Momwe mungabzalire m'thaka

Masamba onse akagwera pamtengo, ngati kuli kotheka, mupange kudulira mwaukhondo. Kuti muchite izi, dulani onse ofooka, owuma, ovulala ndi odwala.

Kuchulukitsa kwa Nectarine

Pofalitsa nectarine, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: mbewu ndi generative (katemera). Zotsatira zabwino zimawonetsedwa ndi budion ya nectarine scion, pomwe mitengo ya amondi kapena pichesi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati stock. Ngati chiwembuchi chili ndi dothi lonyowa, pomwe pansi panthaka pali pafupi ndi nthaka, ndiye kuti katundu, chitumbuwa kapena maula a kunyumba maula ndizabwino. Kukula nectarine kwa mbewu ndikosavuta. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti mtengo wobzalidwa mwanjira imeneyi umapereka zipatso zosakhala zapamwamba kwambiri.

Momwe mungakulire kuchokera pa mbewu

Mbewu zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zitengedwe kuchokera kuzomera zomwe zimagwirizana ndi dera lanu. Kuti muchite izi, munthawi yopanga zipatso, pitani pamaluwa oyandikana ndi maluwa ndikutenga zipatso za mitengo yomwe mumakonda kwambiri. Zipatso zimayikidwa masiku atatu m'madzi, zomwe zimasinthidwa kawiri pa tsiku, kenako zimachotsedwa m'malo osasunthika kuti ziume. Pambuyo pake, mafupawo amakokedwa mosamala ndi zipatsozo. Pofesa mbewu musankhe malo abwino, omwe ali kutali ndi nyumba ndi mitengo. Choyamba, muyenera kupanga ngalande, yomwe imakutidwa ndi dothi labwino. Mafupa mkati mwake adayikidwa 50-60 mm, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala wofanana ndi 20-25 sentimita. Kenako mbewuzo zimafunika kubzalidwe ndikuthiriridwa bwino kwambiri. Madziwo atalowetsedwa m'nthaka, pamwamba pa kama pamafunika kuphimbidwa ndi mulch (masamba, udzu kapena utuchi).

Kufesa mbewu zitha kuchitidwa masika, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Ngati kufesa mbewu kumachitika chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu, njereyo imadzasokonekera mu miyezi yozizira, kasupe, bedi litamasulidwa ku malo ogonera, mbande zimawonekera limodzi ndikuyamba kukula.

Mbewu zikamakula kwambiri, onetsetsani kuti dothi lomwe lili pabedi ndi lotayirira komanso lonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse. Kuti muwadyetse, njira ya humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati ndi kotheka, amawaza ku matenda ndi tizirombo ndi yankho la Ridomil kapena Tiovit.

Inctarine Inoculation

Zodulidwa za mbewuzi zimalumikizidwa kumtengo wa amondi kapena pichesi ndi njira yamphukira. Njira yoberekera iyi ndi yofulumira komanso yosavuta, ndipo kuphatikiza kwake ndikuti mphukira iliyonse yopangidwa bwino imatha kupereka chomera chatsopano chomwe chimasunga mawonekedwe onse amtundu wa uterine. Koma kuti katemera akhale wopambana, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

Osagwiritsa ntchito chitsa chochepera kuposa cholembera. Nthawi yomweyo, kumbukirani kuti khungwa lomwe lipezeka pamalo otemera liyenera kukhala losalala, loonda komanso lothanirana.
Katemera amatenga nthawi ya kutuluka kwambiri, panthawiyi khungwa limakhala mosavuta nkhuni.
Mphukira zomwe zimakhala pa scion ziyenera kukhala zopangidwa bwino.
Chida chakuthwa kwambiri komanso chosasankhidwa kale chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophukira.

Kukolola odulidwa kwa ma scion kutulutsa m'mawa, nthawi ino mphukira zimadzaza ndi chinyezi. Zidulidwe zazitali ziyenera kutalika masentimita 30 kapena kuposerapo, pomwe masamba ake amatalika. Zidutswa ndi masamba azidulidwamo, pomwe phesi lomwe latsalira mutatha kudula liyenera kufika 10 mm kutalika. Kenako gawo lotsika lodulidwa limamizidwa m'madzi.

Pa chitsa pansipa muyenera kudula zopezeka zamtundu uliwonse. Zadothi zonse ndi fumbi ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa tsinde. Kuti muchite izi, tengani chinsalu choyera komanso chonyowa ndikupukuta tsinde, ndikusunthira kuchokera ku khosi lazu ndi 20 cm. Kenako, m'malo pomwe katundu adatsuka fumbi, ndikofunikira kupanga gawo la khungwa la T-mawonekedwe. Samalani kuti musawononge nkhuni. Kutalika kwa gawo lopingasa kumayenera kukhala kofanana ndi 15 mm, ndiye gawo loyambira limapangidwa kuchokera pakati mpaka pansi, mpaka kutalika kwa 25 mpaka 30 mm. Pomwe magawo awiri amalumikizidwa, ndikofunikira kutembenuza mosamala ngodya za kotchiyo kuti m'lifupi mwake mugawo lopingasa.

Gwirani dzanja ndi dzanja lanu lamanzere, ndipo mbali yake yakumaso ikuyang'anani. Kenako, kutalika kochepa (kutalika kwa 1.2-1.3 cm) kumapangidwa pamakona ake, pomwe kumayenera kudutsa pansi pa impso, yomwe idzagwiritsidwa ntchito poika zina. Mtanda womwewo wa kutalika komwewo uyenera kupangidwa pamwamba pa impso iyi. Kuti mudule cortex ndi impso, muyenera kuyambira kuchokera kumaso, ndikusunthira pansi. Kutalika kwa phokoso lomwe lotsatira likuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 25 mm, liyenera kusinthika, ndipo impso iyenera kukhala yolimba.

Tengani chishango ndi chala chachikulu ndi cholocha cha zotsala za petiole, ndikuchiyika pansi pang'onopang'ono pansi pa khungwa lotembenuka la T-mawonekedwe osanjika pamtoko. Zikakhala kuti kutalika kwa phokoso kukukhala kotalika kuposa koyenera, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kudula mosamala malire a gawo lopingasa kuloza. Ndi chala chanu chala, konikizani makungwawo pang'ono ndi kagawo komwe kanali kotetezedwa kutchinga. Kenako tengani tepi kuchokera ku polyethylene ndikukulunga ndi tsamba la katemera, kusunthira kuchokera kumtunda kupita pansi.

Pambuyo pa theka la mwezi, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati budding idachita bwino. Kuti muchite izi, kukhudza petiole mopepuka, ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti ziyenera kupatuka ndikugwa.

Matenda a Nectarine

Peach ndi nectarine zimakhudzanso matenda omwewo. Nthawi zambiri, nectarine imatha kuthana ndi kleasterosporiosis, masamba a curly, powdery mildew, zipatso zowola, zipatso zamiyala, kapena imvi zipatso zowola, cytosporosis, verticillosis, coccomycosis, nkhanambo, gloss gloss ndi kutentha kwa bowa.

Ngati mupereka chomera mosamala, komanso kutsatira malamulo onse aulimi a mbewu iyi ndikumachita mwadongosolo mankhwala othandizira kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo, ndiye kuti mtengo wanu sutha kudwala. Ngati timadzi tokoma timadwaladwala, ndiye kuti tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mycoplasma ndi matenda a virus atengedwa kuti ndi osachiritsika, chifukwa chake malingaliro omwe adakhudzidwawo ayenera kuchotsedwa padziko lapansi ndikuwonongeka. Njira zotsatirazi ndizothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus: Chorus, Vectra, Skor, Topsin M, Topaz ndi Strobi. Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti zizindikiro za matenda ndi momwe amathandizira mankhwalawa ndi chimodzimodzi mu pichesi.

Tizilombo ta Nectarine

Mu nectarine ndi pichesi, tizirombo ndiofala, ayeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezi. Nthawi zambiri, mbewuzi zimakhudzidwa ndi njenjete zakum'mawa ndi maula, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tambiri, tamba, migodi, njenjete zam'madzi, mavuvu, kafadala ndi maluwa.

Tizirombo timayendetsa ndi tizirombo, mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga: Chlorophos, Zolon, Karbofos, Aktara, Mospilan, Actellik, Intavir, Bankol, Metafos ndi Durban.

Zosiyanasiyana zamitsempha ndi chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe

Mitundu yoyambirira kucha

Mitundu yotsatira ya nectarine ndiyodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa:

Fleming Mkwiyo. Mitundu yoyambirirayi yabwino idapangidwa ndi obereketsa aku America. Zipatso zazikulu zimakhala zophimbidwa kwathunthu ndi blush wa mtundu wofiira. Mnofu wachikaso ndi wachifundo.
Chachikulu Kwambiri. Mitundu yoyambirirayi yapamwamba, yopangidwa ku America, imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa chodzikuza komanso kukolola kwakukulu. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi utoto wowala kwambiri wa utoto wofiirira komanso wozungulira, zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 200. Kuguza ndi kolimba, yowutsa mudyo komanso yachikasu, pafupi ndi fupa, imapeza tint yofiirira. Mnofu wokoma umakhala ndi kukoma kwa uchi komanso wowawasa pang'ono. Fupa ndilovuta kupatukana ndi zamkati.
Ruby 4. Mitundu yoyambirirayi idapangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Ukraine, imadziwika ndi zokolola. Zipatso zazikulu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe owundana zimakutidwa ndi khungu lonyezimira, zolemera 200 g. Guwa ndi labwino, lofewa; Kukoma kwa zamkati kumakhala kotsekemera komanso kuwonekera kosawoneka bwino. Fupa ndilovuta kupatukana ndi zamkati. Zipatsozo zimalekerera mayendedwe bwino.
Rebus 028. Mitundu yomwe ikukula mwachangu yopangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Italy imadziwika ndi zipatso komanso kukana matenda ndi chisanu. Maonekedwe a zipatso zazikulu ndizazungulira, pang'ono pang'ono, amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 200. Chipatsochi chimakhala ndi chikaso chachikaso, pomwe pafupifupi pamtunda ponsepo chimakhala ndi utoto wakuda kwambiri. Mnofu wamafuta onunkhira amtundu wamtundu wachikasu komanso kukoma kwake.
Kalidasi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuswana ku Italy imadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri. Pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi lalikulu la chipatso chobiriwira chikatchire chimakutidwa ndi mabulangete ofiira, ofiira. Zamkati wandiweyani wonyezimira umakhala ndi mtundu woyera. Fupa ndilosatheka.

Mitundu ya Mid-msimu

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya timadzi tating'onoting'ono ndi:

Golide Wofiyira. Zosiyanasiyana, zopangidwa ku America, zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Zipatso zazikulu zofiira za carmine zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe olondola, zolemera pafupifupi 240 magalamu kapena kupitilira apo. Chikwangwani chofiyira pang'ono chimakhala ndi utoto wachikasu, ndipo pafupi ndi fupa imakhala yofiyira. Zamkati amatha kupatukana mosavuta ndi fupa.
Wang 3. Mitundu yomwe ikukula mofulumira, yopangidwa ndi akatswiri aku America, imasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zake komanso kukana chisanu ndi matenda. Maonekedwe a zipatsozo ndi ozungulira, mtundu wawo ndi wofiyira kwambiri ndi zidutswa zazikaso zachikasu, zolemera pafupifupi gramu 220. Mnofu wachikatikati wamtundu wachikasu umatha kusinthika kwambiri.
Alitop. Zosiyanasiyana, zopangidwa ku Italy, zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Zipatso zazikuluzikulu zozungulira mozungulira zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 250, pafupifupi pansi lonse ndi blush lakuya. Mnofu wamafuta onunkhira amtundu wamtundu wachikasu wokhala ndi makaso amtundu wofiira, umakhala wovuta kwambiri.
Harco. Zosiyanasiyana, zopangidwa ndi obereketsa ku Canada, zimakhala ndi zokolola zochulukirapo ndipo sizigwirizana ndi chisanu ndi matenda. Pafupifupi padziko lonse lopanda zipatso zazikuluzikulu zachikasu zobiriwira, pamakhala utoto wofiirira. Thupi lamkaka lamadzi labwino limakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso komanso kukoma kokoma pang'ono. Fupa limasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zamkati.
Ishunsky. Izi zosiyanasiyana zidapangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Ukraine. Pazipatso zambiri zachikaso, pamakhala zipatso za carmine, zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 150. Pulasitiki yovunda yowonongekera imakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso ndi mitsempha yofiyira. The zamkati kuchokera fupa akhoza kudzipatula mosavuta.

Mochedwa kucha mitundu

Mitundu yakucha mochedwa yomwe ndiyodziwika kwambiri:

Poseidon. Zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo zosankhidwa. Zipatso za konsekonse zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso mtundu wachikaso wopanda khungu lalikulu kwambiri la carmine, lomwe limakonzedwa ngati mikwingwirima. Mapaini achikaso achikhungu amadzimadzi amakhala ndi mitsempha yofiyira. Zamkati zimalekanitsidwa ndi fupa mosavuta.
Harblaze. Mitundu iyi ndi mchere. Pafupifupi pamtunda wonse wazipatso zachikasu pamakhala chivundikiro chofiyira. Amkaka wowutsa mudyo wokongola kwambiri amakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso komanso kukoma kotsekemera. Zamkati amatha kupatukana mosavuta ndi mwalawo.
Mkazi wokoma. Zosiyanasiyana, zopangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Italy, zimadziwika ndi zipatso komanso kukana matenda. Zipatso zazikulu zachikasu zimakhala ndi blush yakuya kwambiri ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 300 kapena kupitilira apo. Pulogalamu yolimba yachikaso, yotsekemera imakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Zamkati amatha kupatukana mosavuta ndi mwalawo.
September Mfumukazi. Blabu pamtundu wobiriwira wamtundu wakuda. Kirimu wonunkhira wamafuta onunkhira amakhala ndi mkoma wowawasa, wokoma kwambiri. Fupa limasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi zamkati.
Evpatoria. Mitundu yodziyimira iyi idapangidwa ku Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzikulima ku Ukraine, ku Krasnodar Territory, Transcaucasia ndi Moldova. Zipatso zachikasu zimakutidwa ndi khungu la carmine pamtunda wa ¼-1/2. Pulasitiki yamadzimadzi yotuwa imakhala ndi utoto wachikasu ndi mitsempha yofiyira, timabatani tofiira timapezeka pafupi ndi fupa. The zamkati kuchokera fupa akhoza kudzipatula mosavuta.