Kodi m'munda wakale muli magwirizano otani? Choyamba, awa ndi minda yakale, yosiyidwa, yosimbidwa mwachisoni muzolemba za olemba Russian ndi olemba ndakatulo, mu zachikondi zaku Russia; Malingaliro athu ponena za kuchuluka kwa dimba wakale amene adamuwona m'moyo wake komanso zinsinsi zingapo zomwe amasunga mumithunzi ya mitengo yobzala. Kapenanso malingaliro a zinsinsi zingati adamuuza ndipo misozi idakhetsedwa. Ngodya zabwino za m'mundawo zinali zobisika kwa maso ake okongola ndipo inkapereka nthawi yosangalala yokhala patokha. Ndiponso, ngati uwu ndi munda wanu wakale, umatha kukupatsirani zikumbutso zaubwana ndikukumbukira zochitika zofunika m'moyo wanu. Tsopano popeza mwakula, ndinu okhwima, mukufuna kusintha. Munda umafunika kukonzedwa.
Zikuchitikanso kuti anthu samachita ndi dimba la ubwana wawo, koma amangolipeza kuyambira pachiyambi, ndiye kuti sizikhala zomvetsa chisoni kumanganso, ngakhale zabwino kwambiri m'munda wakale ziyenera kusungidwa. Wamaluwa amaona kuti ndibwino kusinthiratu mundawo, mitengo ikamafika zaka 8-10 kapena kupitirirapamene zokolola zimachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo zipatsozo zikucheperachepera, ndipo kakulidwe ka pachaka kamangokhala masentimita 10,5 zokha.
Mtengo wa Apple © liz kumadzuloKuti tiziwerenga bwino, titha kupereka malingaliro a olima maluwa otchuka ndi opanga pankhaniyi.
Kutula mitengo ndi zitsamba.
Choyamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti dimba lakale lifunika kumangidwanso nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuchepetsa kuyenera kuchitika m'munda wazipatso zazikulu. mwadongosoloIzi zikutulutsa mitengo yakale komanso zitsamba zomwe zimasankhidwa kale. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kawirikawiri, zimachitika kuti mtengo umayenera kudulidwa pambuyo kuwonongeka kwambiri ndi mbewa, mavu, tizirombo tina kapena matenda. Zimachitika kuti gawo la korona limagwa pansi pa kulemera kwa mbewu ndi mphepo. Apa tikuyenera kuganizira zomwe zingachite bwino: kubwezeretsa (ngakhale izi ndizovuta), kapena chotsani gawo ili.
Mtengo wakale wa apulo © John LordChinthu chabwino pakukula kwa mitengo yazipatso yakufa, yakale, yodwala, osati yozizira ndiyakuti malo ena ake amatulutsidwa pomwepo m'mundamo, womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pkubzala mbewu zina, kutengera kukhazikika kwawo pakuwala.
Kudulira mitengo.
Zimatsogolera, choyambirira, kukonza kuwunikira m'munda. Imachitika, mwachitsanzo, motere: Kum'mwera kwa tsambalo, mtengo wosagwa chisanu umasankhidwa, korona wake wonse udulidwa khazikitsanso chatsopano kapena mitundu. Munda wachikulire nthawi zambiri umapereka mbewu yokwanira, motero nkotheka kuyika kudulira kwamphamvu kwa imodzi mwa mbali za korona wa mtengo umodzi kapena zingapo. Kuti muchite izi, nthambi zachikopa zosatha zimachotsedwa ndi macheka pafupi kapena pansi kapena zimasunthidwa ku nthambi ina. Nthawi zina kudula kwamphamvu mbali imodzi ya korona wamtengo wamtali ndikofunikira, komwe kumabisa kufupikitsa, koma kofunika kwambiri.
Zimachitika motere: wosamalira mundawo akuwona kuti ina mwa njira yomwe ili m'mundayo ndi yoyatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa, ndipo asankha kuyigwiritsa ntchito pobzala mbewu zokonda kuwala, mwachilengedwe kuwonjezera nthaka yam michere m'malo ano. Amakhazikitsa njira yatsopano pansi pa mitengo yokhwima, ndikudula nthambi zake zosemedwa ndipo sizipanga zipatso zabwino.
Orchard © Morgaine Ndikofunikira kuchotsa gawo la korona kapena mtengo wonse osati kumayambiriro kwa masika komanso osati mochedwa, pomwe mbewu zilibe masamba, koma munthawi yomwe zimapereka mthunzi waukulu. Nthawi zambiri chitani m'dzinja mutakolola.
Wokolola dimba ayenera kukumbukiranso kufunika kosintha kwakanthaŵi pakulima mabulosi. Chifukwa chake Wazaka 10-12 wazaka zakuda zitsamba ndipo mutatha kuthira manyowa m'nthaka, mbewu zatsopano zimabzalidwa pakati pa zobzala zakale. Zomera zakale za rasipiberi zikusinthidwanso ndi zatsopano, koma malo atsopano akugawidwa. Mu malo amodzi rasipiberi akhoza kukhala wamkulu kuposa zaka 12.
Awa anali malangizo a wokonza dimba wodziwika bwino A. A. Popov.
Palinso munthu wina wodabwitsa, wasayansi wodziwa kwambiri za ulimi wamaluwa, wodziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri olima dimba, wofufuzira ku dipatimenti yobereketsa ku All-Russian Institute for Horticulture and Nursery of the Russian Academy of kilimoolimo - Anatoly Mikheev, omwe malingaliro ake pakukonzanso minda kuyenera kutsatiridwa.
Chifukwa chake, wasayansi wodziwa zambiri samalangiza nthawi yomweyo kuti achotse chilichonse chosafunikira m'munda wakale. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa moyo wamundawo ndipo pokhapokha pitilizani ndi kumanganso. Choyamba, muyenera kupenda mtengo uliwonse mosamala. Zifukwa zomwe mitengo imafunikira kudulidwa ndi motere: ngati zili ndi maenje mkati mwake, makungwa amwalira, ming'alu ndi matumbo moyipa, zophuka pachaka ndizofooka (zosaposa 10 cm). Ndikosavuta kudula mtengo umodzi pamlingo wa 40-50 cm kuchokera pansi. Ngati yazunguliridwa ndi mitengo ina, zitsamba, ndiye kuti muyenera kudula nthambi zomangira (kuyambira pansi), kenako thunthu lopanda kanthu, koma osati padziko lapansi, koma kutalika kwa pafupifupi 1.5 m: chifukwa chake kudzakhala kosavuta kusuntha mukamazula.
Apple Orchard © liz kumadzuloNdikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira yosavuta yotukula mitengo pogwiritsa ntchito ammonium nitrate: dulani mtengowo momwe mungathere, ikani dzenje pachitsa (ndikwabowola kukumba mabowo angapo ndi kukumba), tsanulirani matumba awiri ammonium nitrate, ndikuphimba ndi pulasitiki ndikumanga ndi twine. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mchere wopondera mchere uzikonza nkhuni ndi kusanduliza fumbi. Pamalo osabereka, ngati mitengo ina siyikuwabisika, mutha kudzala chomera chatsopano. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kulima ndi kudziwitsa tokha mitundu (awa ndi mitundu yomwe imatha kubala zipatso popanda kukhalapo kwa mitundu yoyandikana ndi mungu wam'munda):
- Simungathe kubzala mtengo wa apulo mutatha mtengo wa apulo, peyala pambuyo pa peyala, ndi maula pambuyo paula;
- mmalo mwa mtengo wakutukuka wa apulo, chitumbuwa, maula, peyala ikuyenera kukula - chimodzimodzi ndi mitengo ina.
Kudulira kokalamba.
Ngati maapulo ndi mitengo ya peyala zaka 20-25 zimakhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu komanso nthambi zazikulu zathanzi, zimatha kukula ndikubala mbewu kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale zipatso zimadzakhala zochepa pakapita nthawi. Mitengo yotere imafunikira odulira okalamba. M'chaka choyamba, chisoti chachifumu chikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa pang'ono ndi kuwonda - chotsani nthambi zamuyaya. Izi zikuthandizira kudzutsidwa kwa tulo pamtengo ndi pamunsi pa nthambi za chigoba. Kwa iwo amakula mphukira zazitali, zomwe zimatchedwa kupota. Chaka chamawa, nsonga, zokulitsa korona, zimadulidwa kukhala mphete, ndipo zotsalazo zimafupikitsidwa, ndikusiya impso ziwiri kapena zitatu. Kudulira mphete ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mitengo yopopera isanadulidwe, ndipo tchire limadulanso lokha popanda kuphula khungwa lozungulira. Kuyambira mphukira zokulira ndikupanga korona. Mu zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zidzakhala zotheka kututa zipatso zazikulu.
Old Orchard © Mark ShirleyM'munda wakalewo, mutha kukulitsa mitundu yolonjezedwa mwa kukonzanso gawo lina la nthambi zachikwama pamtengo wakale. Ma nsonga ndioyeneranso izi. Zoona, katemera amafunika kuchitika kwambiri kuti mitundu yatsopano ipange gawo lalikulu la mbewu. Phindu la kumtengowo ndiwodziwikiratu: chifukwa cha kupukutidwa kwa mitundu ingapo, zipatso zimamangidwa bwino ndipo mawonekedwe awo amakhala bwino.
Ngati m'munda wanu wakale mukukula irga, chokeberry (chokeberry), zakutchire hawthorn ndi phulusa laphiri, simuyenera kuwachotsa. Mutha kubzala mitundu ya peyala pazomera (Veles, Chizhovskaya, Thumbelina, Vidnaya). Sadzakhala olimba ngati omwe adalumikizidwa pa peyala yamtchire - adzakhala ndi moyo zaka 15 mpaka 20, koma m'chaka chachitatu adzakolola bwino.
Pankhani yofika kokha chitumbuwa chimodzi kapena maula tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha mitundu yokhala ndi chonde yomwe sikutanthauza kuti mungu usamatulutsidwe (ma cherries - 'Molodezhnaya', 'Bulatnikovskaya', 'Rastorguevskaya', 'Pamyat Enikeeva', 'Rusink'; plums - 'Morning', 'Egg buluu', 'Mphatso ya Buluu', ' Alexy '). Kapena mu korona wamitundu yodziyimira yokha, titi 'Skoroplodny', dzalani mitundu yoyendetsa mungu - mwachitsanzo, 'Red Ball' kapena zina zamitundu ina yamitundumitundu ('Kuban Comet', 'Traveler', 'Cleopatra', 'Golden Fleece' akulimbikitsidwa ku Moscow Region )
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ma cherries onse ndi opanda chonde, kuti mtengo umodzi ubereke chipatso, ndikofunikira kubzala mitundu iwiri kapena itatu pamenepo. Nthawi yomweyo, mtengowo udawoneka wokongola kwambiri ngati ungalumikizidwe kungakhale kotheka kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazipatso, mwachitsanzo, yofiirira yakuda ('Fatezh'), pinki ('Bryanskaya pink') kapena chikasu ('Chermashnaya'). Dziwani kuti zodula kapena mbande zamtundu wamwambazi zitha kugulidwa popanda mavuto mu nazale kapena m'masitolo.
Orchard © Laura NolteTchire la Berry m'munda wakale limafunikanso kukonzanso. Ntchitoyi imachitika bwino kwambiri mu kugwa. Mwachitsanzo currant ndi jamu imatha kumera ndi kubereka zipatso malo amodzi kwa zaka 10-12. Ndi m'badwo, zophuka pachaka zimafooka, zipatso ndi zipatso zimachepa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti tchire zakale kuposa zaka 12-15 zitulutsidwa ndikuwotchedwa. M'malo opanda ntchito, ndibwino kubzala mbewu zina - rasipiberi, masamba, zitsamba zokongoletsera.
Koma mutha kuchita izi mwanjira ina: chotsani mbali zonse za zitsamba za mabulosi, ndikupanga korona watsopano ku nthambi zomwe zikukula, kufupikitsa zaka za 1-2 wazaka ndi masamba a 4-8. Or so: kudula m'munsi nthambi zakale zakubadwa za zaka 5-7, fupikitsani nthambi za zaka 3-4 kupita kunthambi yotsalira ndikuchepetsa tchire, kuchotsa nthambi zofooka ndi kukula. Pambuyo podulira odana ndi ukalamba, currants ndi gooseberries adzatulutsanso zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Tikulakalaka mutakonzanso bwino m'munda wanu wakale!
