Digitalis (digitalis) ndi chomera wamba chokongoletsera komanso mankhwala, komanso chomera chofunikira cha uchi. Ma Digitalis ndiosavuta kuwasamalira, amayanjanitsidwa mosavuta ndi dzuwa ndi madzi ochepa, ndipo kwenikweni safuna chisamaliro. Digitalis yodutsa komanso yokongola, yokhala ndi inflorescence yowala, imakwera pamwamba pamundapo ndipo ndizosatheka kudutsa popanda kusirira kukongola kwawo.
Digitalis. © Matt KiefferDigitalis, kapena Digitalis (Digitalis) - mtundu wa herbaceous zomera, malinga ndi gulu la APG II, kwa banja Podorozhnikovye (Ammakawd) M'mbuyomu, mu kachitidwe ka gulu la Kronquist, mbewu idaperekedwa ku banja la a Norichen (Scophulariaceae).
Dzinalo Lachilatini limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini "digitus" - chala, chopatsidwa mawonekedwe a corolla, yomwe imafanana ndi thimble, chifukwa chake dzina lachi Russia la mtundu.
Mitundu ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 35 yobadwira ku Europe, West Asia, North Africa ndi Islands Canary.
Digitalis ndi masamba osatha kapena a biennial; ku Western Mediterranean, zitsamba ndi zitsamba. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhala zolimba, zowonda, zopanda mtundu kuyambira 30 mpaka 150 cm. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira opepuka, owaza-ozungulira, owoneka bwino, osakhwima pamtunda pang'ono. Ma inflorescence amapezeka pamwamba pa tsinde. Maluwa amakhala osakhazikika, owoneka ngati mabelu, achikasu kapena ofiira, nthawi zina amakhala ofiirira okhala ndi madontho akuda ndi mawanga, ophatikizidwa ndi kakhalira mbali imodzi.
Kutulutsa mu June-August. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lokhala ndi njere zazing'ono zofiirira zomwe zimatha kukhalanso ndi mphamvu kwa zaka zitatu. Mu 1 g pafupifupi mbewu 10,000, ngakhale amasunga kumera kwa zaka 2-3, koma nthawi zambiri sizidutsa 50%.
Yang'anani! Ma digitalis onse ndi owopsa, osavomerezeka kuti awabzala m'malo osamalira ana.
Digitalis. © chilengedweMawonekedwe
Malo: chisanu ndi chilala chosagwira, chitukuka bwino m'malo otentha, ngakhale kuti chimalolera pang'ono, koma kukula kwa maluwa kumacheperachepera.
Dothi: mumakonda dothi lotayirira, lachonde, lambiri. M'malo okhala ndi madzi osayenda a masika, maluwa sangachitike.
Chisamaliro: akumasulira nthaka, udzu, kuthirira mu nyengo youma. Nyengo, mbewu zimatha kudyetsedwa nthawi 1-2 ndi feteleza wophatikiza ndi mchere. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ndi mulching utuchi, womwe uyenera kuchitidwa mu kugwa. Mukadula inflorescence, chomera chimapanga mivi yatsopano yamaluwa. Zomera zamtengo zofunikira kwambiri ziyenera kudziwitsidwa pasadakhale kuti zitheke mbewu kuchokera pomwe zipse.
Matenda ndi tizirombo: Digitalis imatha kuyambitsa masamba, yomwe imatayidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa fungicidal. Zowola ndi kuwola kwa peduncle, komanso matenda amtundu, zomwe zimayimira ndi kupindika masamba kukhala tubules, sizitha. Potere, mbewu zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Digitalis imakhudzidwa ndi zowona komanso zowuma zowuma, zoyera ndi zowola, tsamba lamtundu, matenda a tizilombo ndi nematode, zowonongeka ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsabwe za m'masamba ndi njenjete.
Ntchito yopanga mawonekedwe: Digitalis ndi chomera chokongoletsera kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu, mitundu yosakanikirana, kukongoletsa makoma, kubzala pansi pamitengo, motsutsana ndi baka lamtunda lalitali, kumbuyo kwa mabedi amaluwa. Kufunika kwa digito m'malo osyanasiyana m'mundawo sikuyenera kupitilizidwa. Digitalis ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri yopanga zachilengedwe m'minda yachilengedwe ndi minda yomwe imatsutsana ndi lamba wamtchire wopepuka. Omwe ali ndi ma digito ndi ma rhododendrons, viburnum, maluwa, maluwa oseketsa, honeysuckles ndi zitsamba zina ndi mitengo yomwe imaphuka nthawi yomweyo. M'malo otetezeka, ndibwino kukula digitalis yokhala ndi magulu, maluwa oyambira ozungulira, maluwa oyambira, ndi aquilegia. Mu mthunzi pang'ono - ndi mauta okongoletsera, valerian, astrantia, peonies.
Digitalis imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikhalidwe cha poto chakuzizira m'mawa koyambirira. Chifukwa cha izi, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - kuyambira Seputembala, mbewu zimasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira kutentha kwa 12 ° C. Zikatero, amayamba kuphuka mu Epulo. Maluwa a Digitalis amayima m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, amasunga kutsitsimuka, chifukwa chake ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zamaluwa.
Digitalis. © David PrasadKuswana
Zofesedwa ndi mbewu zosafunikira kukonzekera mwapadera. Ndizochepa, koma ndi kope limodzi amatha kupeza zochuluka. Ndikwabwino kufesa mchaka, chakumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi, mwachindunji mu nthaka. Mbewu zimangomwedwa pang'ono ndi lapansi, komanso pazinthu zosambira - peat. Kuti muchepetse kutuluka kwa mbande, kwa sabata limodzi mbewu zimatha kuyambitsidwa kapena kuphimbidwa ndi lutrasil. Bzalani m'mizere, yomwe imayikidwa pambuyo pa 40-45 cm, ndiye kuti mbewu zachikulire sizidzaza. Ngati mbande zidayamba kukhala zochulukirapo, ndibwino kuzichekera, apo ayi masamba ang'onoang'ono azikhala ochepa, matupi afupipafupi ndi maluwa ochepa. Poyamba, mbande zimakula pang'onopang'ono, kotero muyenera kuzisankha pokhapokha mwezi umodzi ndi theka mtunda wa 5 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Zomera zimabzalidwa malo kumapeto kwa Meyi malinga ndi 10x15-25 cm.
Pali njira inanso yakuberekera kwa digitisi. Mtengowo ukazirala, maulendo angapo amasiyidwa pambewu, kenako ndikudula pang'ono mbewu zina. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu itatu, ma rosette enieni oyambira amapangidwa pazomera zodula, mpaka 5-8 ma PC.
Pambuyo pa masamba owona a 6-8 atapangidwa, zigawozo zimang'ambika ndikuzibzala pamalo okhazikika, komwe zimakula chaka chamawa. Mukabzala, thirirani madzi kuti madzi asadzagwire pachimake. Nthaka siyiyenera kuwagwera. Kwa sabata, malo ogulitsa amakhalidwa ndi nyuzipepala. Pambuyo pa masiku 12 mpaka 15, pepala latsopano limawonekera pakati. Mpaka kugwa, rosette yokongola imakula.
Mbewuzo zimasonkhanitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, pomwe mabulawu amatha, ndipo otsika amapanga kwambiri. Mbewu zochuluka zimapangidwa (miliyoni miliyoni pachomera chilichonse!), Ndipo kuchokera kumaluwa otsika a inflorescence mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zodzaza zimapangidwa. Zipatso zimalekanitsidwa ndi tsinde pamene zimasanduka chikasu kapena zofiirira (kutengera mtunduwo), koma mbewu sizinayambe kutulutsa. Amayikidwa papepala m'malo owuma ndikuuma, kenako ndikupunthidwa ndikutsukidwa kuchotsera mabokosi.
Digitalis. © David PrasadNtchito zamankhwala
Digitalis ndi imodzi mwazomera zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchepa kwa mtima. Zipangizo za digito ndi masamba a digitalis komanso zochuluka kuchokera kwa iwo.
Nthawi zambiri pazamankhwala mumagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi:
- digitalis (D. grandiflora)
- digito wofiirira kapena wofiirira (D. purpurea)
- digito makulidwe (D. lanata)
Chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika mthupi la wodwalayo, digitalis imatchedwa "mfumukazi yothandizira mtima". Zikuwoneka kuti ndi gulu lapadera lazinthu zowopsa za digitis zomwe zimapereka ntchito yothandiza. Cardiac glycosides a chomera amasintha zonse zofunikira za mtima - systole, diastole, stroke stroke.
Chithandizo cha digito chimachitika pokhapokha poyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala - chifukwa mmera ndi woopsa kwambiri, ndipo ma glycosides ake ali ndi katundu wowonjezereka (kudzikundikira m'thupi, chiwonongeko chawo chimachitika pang'onopang'ono). Mlingo wothandizirana wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kapena Mlingo wowonjezera ungayambitse toxosis ndi mtima womangidwa. Chifukwa chake, digitisi nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa ndi othandizira ena a mtima.
Mankhwala (i.e. mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kupatutsa ziphe zomwe zalowa m'thupi) poizoni wa digito ndi khofi, atropine, potaziyamu potaziyamu.
Kuchuluka kwa ma glycosides mu masamba a digitalis kumasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (kukula kwa malo, nthawi yosonkhanitsa, kuyanika, ndi zina), zomwe zimafunikira kuwunikira nthawi zonse pazinthu zopangira mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, digitalis imakulitsidwa mwapadera chifukwa cha zamankhwala, nthawi zambiri digitis purpurea.
Pali umboni wa asayansi kuti digitalis idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera ngati mankhwala zaka 4 zapitazo.
Mankhwala achikhalidwe ku Western Europe, digitalis idagwiritsidwanso ntchito asanafike otchuka azitsamba a 16th.
Zotsatira za Digitalis pamatenda a mtima zidawerengedwa, mwa ena, ndi a Erasmus Darwin (agogo a Charles Darwin). A Paul Sedir adanenanso zakukonzekera kwa digitis kuchokera masamba a digitalis, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa ndi kukulitsa tsitsi.
Kukonzekera kwa Digitalis kumachitika pa gulu la anthu osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, kupangitsa chidwi kwa okalamba komanso amuna.
Mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa digitisi, pakhala pali kusintha kwamitundu ina yamunthu: kusintha kwa utoto ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wa chikasu chobiliwira. Zojambula zaposachedwa kwambiri ndi wojambula wotchuka Van Gogh, yemwe adatenga digitalis dzuwa litalowa, ali ndi kukoma kotereku.
Dongosolo lalikulu la digitis lidaphatikizidwa mu kope loyambirira la Russian Pharmacopoeia (mndandanda wa malamulo ndi malamulo omwe amawongolera mtundu wa mankhwala), mpaka lero akupitilizabe m'ndandanda wake.
Digitalis. © Kris SymerMitundu
Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea (Digitalis purpurea) ndiye mbewu yotchuka kwambiri. Maudzu akuluakulu (mpaka 2 m) okhala ndi maluwa oyera (var. Alba, f. Albiflora) ndi mithunzi yonse ya pinki. Pamaziko a digito awa, mitundu yambiri yamakono yokongoletsa kwambiri, komanso ma hybrids aposachedwa, amabadwa.
Zoyambirira maluwa Mphoto zokongola Wodziwika bwino wamaluwa akuluakulu wokhala ndi zooneka bwino za pinki, lilac, kirimu, pinki ndi zoyera. Zomera zimafikira 1.5 m kutalika
Kalulu (mpaka 75 masentimita okwera) kalasi Primrose khosalo Ili ndi maluwa akuluakulu achikuda chofiirira, chosiyana ndi digitisi. Maluwa akuluakulu amakutira tsinde kuchokera kumbali zonse ndipo amakongoletsedwa ndi malo owoneka bwino otulutsa burgundy. Zosiyanasiyana zidasanjidwa ndi nazale ya Thomson & Morgan kuchokera ku mbewu zotumizidwa ndi kasitomala wa kampani ku Suffolk County.
Gloxinioides Gulu La Shirley - mbewu zazitali (mpaka 2,5 m) zokhala ndi maluwa akulu, ofika pafupifupi makilogalamu onse okhala ndi pinki. Dzinalo limasonyezeratu kuti maluwawo amafanana ndi maluwa a gloxinia.
Chatsopano (2007) kalasi Phiri laphokoso wapadera mawonekedwe ake owoneka molunjika (m'malo motulutsa, monga mitundu ina ya digito) wamitundu yofewa yapinki. Zoyendera zamtunduwu zimafika kutalika kwa 1.5 m ndipo zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri kuti nthawi yomwe amayesedwa, opanga adatcha mbewuyi Viagra O.
Mitundu yatsopano Kusankha kwa Pam. Maluwa okhala ndi zonona zoyera amakhala ndi malo a maroon. Kutalika kwa mbewu - mpaka 1.5 m.
Zophatikiza Magulu a Excelsior mpaka kutalika kwa 1.5 m zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala wa pinki kapena wofiyira wa pamakhala.
Zophatikiza Magulu a F1 Camelot zimasiyana poti zimamera pachaka choyamba. Maluwa amakonzedwa molingana mozungulira inflorescence, ndipo zomerazo zimagwirizana panja. Malinga ndi mtundu wa mafele, Camelot agawidwa m'magawo atatu: Camelot Cream yokhala ndi maluwa a kirimu, Camelot Lavender wokhala ndi maluwa ofiirira komanso Camelot Rose wokhala ndi maluwa okongola a pinki.
Digitalis. © David PrasadZosiyanasiyana pachaka Wopusa: Mitengo yotsika (mpaka 65 cm), kutuluka mchaka choyamba, ngati mwakula kudzera mbande. Utoto wa maluwawo umayera kuchokera kwa oyera mpaka pinki wokhala ndi makosi osiyana.
Digitalis yayikulu-maluwa
Digitalis Grandiflora ndi chomera chaching'ono, cholimba chamtendere chokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira achikasu, omwe amawoneka kuti atakutidwa ndi ukonde wa brownish.
Digitalis digitalis
Digitalis digitalis parviflora ndichomera chachilengedwe chomwe chimamera mwachilengedwe ku Spain ndi Portugal. Zimayambira ndizovala zokongoletsera zapamwamba zamaluwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono owoneka ngati utoto wa chokoleti. Mitundu yotchuka ya Mkaka Chokoleti
Digitalis ndi dzimbiri
Digitalis rusty (Digitalis Ferrocinea) ndi mtengo womwe umakonda maluwa obiriwira, wofikira 1.20 m kutalika, wokhala ndi inflorescence ya mtundu wotuwa wakuda kapena wotuwa. Mtunduwu mwachilengedwe umamera kumwera kwa Europe komanso ku Turkey.
Clover digitis
Digitalis ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa (Digitalis x mertonensis), maluwa omwe amasiyana mitundu yapamwamba ya sitiroberi wosenda. Kutalika kwa mbewu - pafupifupi masentimita 75. Maluwa a Chilimwe osiyanasiyana amadziwika.
Digitalis Soltwood Chilimwe
Digitalis Saltwood Chilimwe, kapena Digitalis Orchid. Mtengowo udatchedwa ndi dzina chifukwa cha maluwa oyera okhala ndi miyala yoyera m'madontho ofiira ofanana ndi maluwa. Mtengowu udayambitsidwa ndi a Hilliers Nurseries ku Chelsea Garden Show mu 2002. Kutalika kwa mbewu - mpaka 1.5 m.
