Kodiulimi ndi chiyani?

Mpaka pano, mawu oti "kulima organic" sikuti amangokhala ndi khutu, koma ndi omwe amayambitsa kukambirana kambiri. Wina akuti iyi ndi njira yokhayo yowona, wina amati ndi yolondola pang'ono. Tiyeni tiwone mtundu waulimi, kapena wachilengedwe, kapena wachilengedwe ((mayina awa ndi ophatikiza) ndi zomwe mfundo zake zidakhazikitsidwa.

Mawu akuti "Chilengedwe chachilengedwe" ali ndi zofananira zingapo: Kulima zachilengedwe, kulima zachilengedwe. Ulimi wachilengedwe, kapena chilengedwe, umapangidwa makamaka kuti ukhale ndi chilengedwe, nthaka, zomera, nyama, ndi anthu.

Pang'ono kuchokera ku mbiri yaulimi wachilengedwe

Chiphunzitso cha ulimi wachilengedwe sichachilendo monga chimawonekera. Yoyamba idavomerezedwa ndikuyesedwa ndi asayansi ya sayansi ya zakuthambo I. E. Ovsinsky. Chifukwa chazaka 10 zogwira ntchito, mu 1899, adalemba buku lotchedwa "The New System of Agriculture", pomwe adawulula mfundo ndi umboni kuti njira yofatsa yotsalira dothi silimayandikira zachilengedwe, yogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso yopanga zipatso zambiri kuposa njira yayikulu yolimira.

Kuwerenga zaulimi wachilengedwe sikunathe pamenepo. Osanena kuti zakhala zikutchuka zaka zonsezi, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi othandizira komanso adani, koma kafukufuku adapitilira, mobwerezabwereza adatsimikiza kuti kuyang'anitsitsa dothi kumapereka zotsatira zofunikira kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, lero tanthauzo laulimi wachilengedwe litha kufotokozedwa motere:

• kuteteza ndi kuchirikiza nthaka yachonde,
• kuteteza zachilengedwe
• kupeza zogulitsa zachilengedwe,
• Kukhazikitsa ndalama zochepa mtengo.

Njira zikuluzikulu zolimirana organic

Kutengera izi pamwambapa, mfundo zaulimi wachilengedwe zimawonekeratu:

• Kukana kulanda kwambiri zinthu,
• kukana feteleza wa mchere,
• kukana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo,
• kulimbikitsa kukula kwa tizilombo ndi mphutsi.

Kukana kuzama kwambiri

Kukana kutulutsa mwamphamvu kumayambira podziwa kuti unyinji wa zinthu zamoyo umakhala pamalo ake apamwamba, omwe ntchito zake zofunika zimangowonjezera mapangidwe a humus, komanso kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake. Kukumba ndi kukumba mwakuya kumaphwanya momwe akukhalira, chifukwa chomwe kupangidwe kwazinthu zazing'onoting'ono zosintha, zimasinthika, ndipo ndimatha kuchita mwachilengedwe kuteteza chonde, chiwopsezo cha nyengo yodutsa ndi kutsika kwa zinthu zofunika pazomera kumachuluka. Zoyipa za njira yolimayi sizikuwoneka mwachangu, koma patatha zaka zingapo, chifukwa chomwe chikufunika ndikugwiritsira ntchito feteleza wama mineral ndi mankhwala ena kuti zokolola zizigwira bwino ntchito.

Malinga ndi kulima kwachilengedwe, dothi silikufunika kukumba, koma ngati kuli kotheka, limasulidwa mpaka pakuya kosaposa 5 - 7 cm (moyenera 2,5 cm).

Kukana kwa feteleza wa mchere

Kukanidwa kwa feteleza wa mineral kumakhazikitsidwa podziwa kuti pafupifupi tuki (zinthu zonse zosakanizika ndi dothi kuti zibwezeretsere michere yomwe ikusowa) zimatha kubisidwa. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo, acidity amasintha pang'onopang'ono munthaka, kusintha kwachilengedwe kwa zinthu kumadodometsedwa, kapangidwe ka zinthu zachilengedwe kamasintha, ndipo kapangidwe ka dothi kawonongeka. Kuphatikiza apo, feteleza wina wa mchere ali ndi vuto pa chilengedwe (mpweya, madzi), pazomera zomwezo, chifukwa chake, zabwino za malonda ndi thanzi la munthu.

Pakulima kwachilengedwe, m'malo mwa ma tuks, kugwiritsa ntchito siderates, mulching, complements ndi zina zamagulu amachitidwa.

Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Kukana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikosavuta kufotokozera: palibe ma herbicides, mankhwala opha tizilombo, omwe alibe poizoni. Onsewa ali m'gulu la zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa munthu (pazifukwa izi, pali malamulo okhwima ogwirira ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo) ndipo amakonda kudzipeza m'nthaka momwe amapangira zinthu zotsalira. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, akuti chiwonetsero cha kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zawonongeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma herbicides angapo pa mbewu zomwe zikubwera posinthira kwa mbewu zitha kukhala 25%.

Ulimi wokonda zachilengedwe polimbana ndi matenda ndipo tizirombo amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera, koma ngati vutoli silitha kupewedwa - mankhwala azitsamba kapena zinthu zachilengedwe.

Zimathandizira pakukula kwa tizilombo komanso nyongolotsi

Zomwe zimathandizira pakukula kwa tizilombo komanso nyongolotsi pakupanga zinthu zachilengedwe ndizachidziwikire kuti anthu okhala m'nthaka awa akutenga nawo mbali mwachangu pakupanga kwawo. Chifukwa cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala munthaka komanso okhalamo akuluakulu (nyongolotsi, kafadala, akangaude), kuphatikiza michere yachilengedwe, kutembenuka kwa michere yofunika, nkhondo yolimbana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tizirombo, kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka nthaka ndi zina zambiri, zomwe chifukwa chake zimadziwika kuti ndizabwinobwino, zimachitika. Dothi lathanzi ndilomwe limapangira kukula kwa mbewu zathanzi, zomwe zimatha kupirira mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, ndi matenda, ndi tizirombo.

Kuti agwiritse ntchito mfundo iyi, ulimi wachilengedwe umalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe, kukonzekera kwa EM komanso kukana kukumba kwakuzama kuti chonde chonde chifalikire.