Onyamula bowa wodziwa zambiri amadziwa kuti pakati pa mphatso zamtchire pali zoyerekeza zomwe sizingavulaze, koma sizingadzetse chisangalalo. Tikukamba za bowa wosakhazikika. Alibe ubale ndi zachilengedwe, koma ndizothekanso kudya "mbewu" yotere. Gululi limaphatikizapo bowa, zamkati mwake zomwe sizikhala ndi zoopsa zoyambitsa poizoni, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro kapena chimodzi mwazomwezo:
- mawonekedwe okhazikika kwambiri;
- kukoma kosasangalatsa (bowa wambiri ndi wowawa kwambiri);
- fungo lonyansa, lomwe limatha kukhalapo mwina mu bowa waiwisi, kapena kudziwonetsera pakukonzekera kwake.
Mitundu ina, kuphatikiza pa kufotokozeredwa pamwambapa, imakhala ndi kakulidwe koyipa pamakutu awo.
Takudziwitsani mndandanda wachidule wa bowa wodziwika kwambiri wokhala ndi dzina, malongosoledwe ndi chithunzi. Tikukhulupirira kuti zithandiza kupewa zolakwika zomwe zingachitike ndikusankha bowa wokoma kwambiri.
Wokhalamo nkhalango zodziyankhira - kupalasa
Bowa ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe kusiyanasiyana kwake kungasokoneze ngakhale katswiri wazopeza bowa. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chokoma ndi chowopsa chowopsa, palinso magulu osasintha. Odziwika kwambiri a iwo ndi:
- Ryadovka spruce. Amamera ndowe zonyowa za conifers ndi spruces. Chipewa ndi chaching'ono, mpaka 10 cm, ngati belu lofiirira lopepuka komanso chopendekera pang'ono pakati. Pamaso pake pali miyeso ndi mikwingwirima yosawoneka bwino, ndipo zipewa za bowa zochulukirana, kuwulula zamkati zamchere ndi kununkhira kowopsa ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Mwendo ndi wokwera, wopindika, wopanda kanthu mkati.
- Ryadovka sulfure-chikasu. Imapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zachilengedwe. Bowa wachichepere amakhala ndi zisoti zozungulira za chikasu cha sulufule, zachikale zomwe zimapangidwa, ndipo bulge imapangidwa pakatikati, ndipo utoto umada. Mvula ikayamba kugwa, khungu limasalala, pomwe kuli kouma kumakhala kosalala, kosalala. Mwendo wonyasa kumtunda ndi wachikaso chowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi makulidwe kapena matepi, ndipo pafupi ndi nthaka umakhala wakuda kwambiri. Miyendo ya bowa yakale imakongoletsedwa ndi masikelo amdima, koma osati nthawi zonse. Guwa lake ndiwobiliwira chikasu, limanunkhira ma acetone, ndipo limawawa.
Mizere ing'onoing'ono ya spruce imatha kusokonezeka ndi ma greenfinches okonzedwa, koma, mosiyana ndi oyambayo, greenfinches amakula pa phesi lalifupi lamtundu ndipo utoto umakonda kukhala wobiriwira.
Asayansi ena amati mzere wa spruce ndi sulfure chikasu ndi poizoni. Zowonadi, ngati ungazidyetse umatha kukhala ndi vuto lakudya pang'ono, koma kuchuluka pang'ono kwa poizoni sikufikitsa kuimfa.
Kuchenjera kukongola kapena maonekedwe ndikupusitsa
Pakati pa russula wodziwika ndi onse, bowa wambiri amawoneka kuti ndi wokoma komanso wokoma kwambiri, ndipo ena omwe amawotchera bowa amatha kuwadyera osawotcha. Komabe, pali mitundu yotere pakati pawo yomwe ngakhale amene amadya kwambiri sangayerekeze kulawa, ndipo chifukwa chake ndi kusiyanasiyana.
Ma russulas obisika, omwe, komabe, ndi okongola kwambiri, akuphatikizapo:
- Caustic (kumakhalanso kusanza kapena kuwotcha caustic). Pa mwendo wokuyera wopanda kanthu, mkati mwake, mumakhala chipewa cha pinki chowala bwino, chopindika, yokutidwa ndi khungu. Palinso bowa wokhala ndi mtundu wofiira kapena wofiirira. Guwa ndi loyera, lopyapyala komanso lopanda fungo, silinanunkhize, koma limawawa kwambiri.
- Magazi ofiira (ndi sardonyx). Ilinso ndi chipewa chofiira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto uwu, koma imasiyanasiyana mwendo wapinki wamiyala yoyipa ngati kalabu kapena silinda. M'mphepete mwa kapu ndi pang'ono pang'ono, khungu limakhala losalala ndipo limatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta. Guwa ndi loyera, lowonda, lowonda ndipo silinununkhira kalikonse.
- Mphepete. Bowa wowala kwambiri komanso wowoneka bwino, yemwe sangathe kudutsa: chipewa cha utoto wakuya wokhala ndi chipinda chakuda kwambiri, choyambirira kupakidwa, kenako kuchikulungika. Mwendo wosalala ndi pinki yakuda. Zikho ndi mbale ndi zachikaso. Kukoma kwake ndikosangalatsa.
- Birch. Chimodzi mwazomva zowawa kwambiri, kulawa kwamadzimadzi sikusowa ngakhale atadontha nthawi yayitali. Koma imawoneka yokongola kwambiri komanso imanunkhira ngati zipatso, yokhala ndi uchi. Mwendo umayera, chipewa ndichoperewera, thupi limakhala lopepuka komanso losalimba.
Ndilabwino konse
Ambiri omwe amangoyamba bowa amaganiza kuti akhoza kutola ndikudya chilichonse mosiyanasiyana kenako ndikudandaula zenizeni kuti chifukwa chiyani bowa wokometsera yemwe wadulidwa pansi pa birch amawoneka wowawa. Izi zimachitika ngati mungapeze bowa wamkaka wosakhazikika, womwe umatchedwanso ma maziwa kuti amamwe madzi owoneka bwino amasungidwe nthawi yopuma.
Othandizira osavomerezeka amaphatikizapo:
- Mwanzeru. Bowa amapezeka pakati ndipo amakhala ndi kansalu pang'ono kapena chipewa chotseguka komanso chosagwirizana; M'miyeso yakale, masikelo ofiira omwe amakhala ngati zibowo zazing'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba pa chipewa. Mwendo wobowoka wa utoto womwewo, wopindika, mbale zachikaso pansi pa chipewa umakhala wolimba. Thupi la bowa losawonekerali ndi la chikasu kapena laiwisi yobiriwira, yopanda fungo, koma lakuthwa kwambiri.
- Wosakhwima (wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira). Dzinalo limagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe: mwendo wowala umamatirira m'manja mwanu, pamwamba pake umakongoletsedwa ndi zobiriwira zakuda, ngakhale imvi, chipewa ndi malo amdima. Madzi onenepa komanso opaka, kuchokera pakukhwasuka kwamkaka, yoyera ndi lakuthwa, osanunkhira bwino.
- Hepatic Bowa waung'ono wopakidwa utoto wokongola, chipewacho chimapangidwa pang'ono, chosalala. Thupi limakhalanso lofiirira, koma lopepuka, lophwanyika kwambiri, silikununkhiza, ndi zonyansa.
- Golide wachikasu (aka golide). Chipewacho ndichopondera, chosalala, chofiirira, chagolide, ndi mikwaso yakuda kapena mawanga. Mwendo umakhala wopepuka pang'ono, woyamba wandiweyani, kenako umakhala wopanda pake. Kuguza ndi msuzi ndi zoyera, koma kutembenukira chikasu mukadula. Palibe fungo lolepheretsa, koma bowa amakonda zowawa kwambiri. Mawonekedwe a lactarius ndi ofanana ndi safironi, koma omalizawa ali ndi mandimu a lalanje omwe amasintha kukhala tint wobiriwira.
- Grey-pink (aka amber kapena roan). Chipewa chokhala ngati chopondera ndi mwendo chimapakidwa pinki yakuda, pafupi ndi bulauni. Mitengo yoyera-yoyera pansi pa chipewa imamangika zolimba ndi mwendo wotayirira. Chizindikiro cha mkate chotere ndi fungo lakuthwa losasangalatsa lochokera pamkaka wachikasu ndipo limafanana ndi lovage kapena chicory.
- Resin-wakuda (aka tar). Chipewa ndi chokoleti chofiirira chokhala ndi mawonekedwe velvety, pafupifupi lathyathyathya. Mwendo wolimba uli ndi mawonekedwe a silinda yofutukula kumtunda ndipo wokutidwa ndi fluff. Kuguza ndi msuzi ndi zoyera, koma kutembenukira pinki mukadula. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale amve kukoma kwambiri, bowa amatulutsa fungo labwino.
Malinga ndi zofalitsa zina, munthu yemwe amakhala ngati mkaka wokhala ndi bowa wa poizoni: kuchuluka kwa poizoni kungayambitse poizoni.
Bowa wokongola koma wowawa
Pakati pa bowa wokongola wa boletus pali "amnzake" omwe, ngakhale atatha kuphika kwakutali, osakhala onunkhira. Thupi lawo lowonda limakhala ndi zowawa zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka.
Bowa wosaoneka ndi monga:
- Wokongola (ndiwongola miyendo kapena wowoneka bwino). Thupi la bowa limadziwika ndi mtunduwu ndipo ndiwachilengedwe kwambiri, chipewacho chimakhala chofiirira, chofundira ndi khungu louma. Mwendo umakhala wofiirira kwathunthu kapena wachikasu wokhala ndi ukonde wapinki. Mnofu wowawasa umasanduka wabuluu podulidwa.
- Chunky (aka mizu kapena zowawa spongy). Chipewa chomwe chimawoneka ngati cheya sichikhala choyera, chosalala, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi ming'alu. Mwendo wonyezimira wa mandimu wokhala ndi mauna opepuka, pafupi ndi nthaka ali ndi kukula kwa tuber. Thupi limakhalanso lachikasu, likapanikizidwa, limasandulika buluu, lopanda fungo, owawa.
Wokhala meadows chlorophyllum lead-slag
Bowa wodziwika bwinoyu wokhala ndi dzina lovuta limawoneka maambulera, ndipo asayansi ena amati ndi mitundu ya poizoni. Zowawa zonse za lead-slag chlorophyllum sizinaphunziridwe kwathunthu, kotero masiku ano zimatchulidwanso kuti bowa wokhazikika.
Popewa mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakudya, ndibwino kuti musayike pachiwopsezo kapena kukhudza bowa omwe mwakumana nawo poyenda.
Bowa ali ndi chipewa, ngati ambulera. M'malingaliro akale, ndiwodamira, koma unyamata umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati belu. Chipewacho chidapakidwa utoto, pakati timachubu tating'ono, kumdima. Peel yomwe ili pamwamba pa lead ya chlorophyllum cap ndi youma, ndipo zotsalira za kama. Miyendo yayitali ndi yopyapyala, yoyera, koma ikasweka imasanduka yofiirira. Mu bowa wachichepere, limakongoletsedwa ndi mphete pamwamba. Guwa ndi loyera, likakumana ndi mpweya, limatembenuka pinki.
Wokonda wosokerera wa stumps alder flake
Pa zotsalira za mitengo yamapiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe mutha kupeza bowa wawung'ono wokhala ndi mnofu wamphuno - chowuma. Chipewa chofiyira chikasu pakati chimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, ndipo m'mphepete - zotsalira za bedi. Mwendo wa bulauni umakhala woyamba kupindika, koma kenako umasalala. Mnofu wachikasu umasweka mosavuta ndipo ndi wowawa kwambiri.
Kwa mtundu wowopsa, bowa amatchedwanso alder ognevka.
Earthikazi Gebeloma muzu
Inde, simungasokoneze bowa wina ndi bowa, ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mizu, ndipo onse chifukwa miyendo yake yayitali yaimvi, yokutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoting'ono, yayitali mbisika. Koma chipewacho ndichaching'ono, choyambirira, chokhazikika. Khungu limakhala lonyezimira, njerwa zopepuka, ndi masikelo opingika. Mnofu wa hebeloma wachinyamata ndi wokoma, koma kenako kutsekemera kumachoka, kumayamba kuwawa. Samakhala wowirikiza, chifukwa kukoma kwake mu chakudya sikutha.
Bowa wocheperako - nyama ascokorin
Tizilombo tofiyira tofiyira tofiyira tating'onoting'ono pamitengo yathunthu ndi stumps, timakhalanso bowa wotchedwa ascocorin nyama. Inde, mitundu yake imafanana ndi nyama yatsopano. Bowa pawokha ndi ochepa kwambiri, osapitirira 1.2 masentimita, poyamba amakula payekhapayekha, koma amaphatikiza mwachangu mu carpet cholimba. Kapangidwe ka bowa wachikulire ndi kosiyanasiyana: imatha kukhala ndi ndodo pakati pa chipewa chonyezimira kapena kupindika. Banja lalikulu la bowa losagwirizana, ascocorinus, lomwe limamera pamtengo, limawoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri, tili ndi "pansi" lirilonse lomwe likukula mpaka lomwe linapita. Fungi amakhalanso ndi miyendo, koma ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, yosakwana masentimita 1. Ngakhale kuti thupi la bowa silimakoma kapena fungo losasangalatsa, amaonedwa kuti ndi osakwanira chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, komwe ndi kovuta kwambiri kukonza musanaphike.
Kupita kunkhalango, kumbukirani - kukongola kwakunja kwa bowa kungakhale kopusitsa, ndipo kungathe kupulumutsa. Phunzirani mosamala zithunzi za bowa wokhazikika womwe wasankhidwa munkhaniyi musananyamuke. Musamale mosamala ndikusankha bowa wokhazikika, ndipo ndikukayikira pang'ono ndikwabwino kuti mubwerere kunyumba muli chimanjamanja m'malo mongobweretsa zadzidzidzi zosasangalatsa. Khalani ndi "kusaka" kwabwino!
