Chikwangwani choyera pamasamba a dimba kapena chomera cham'madzi sichimangowononga mawonekedwe, chimakhalanso chizindikiro cha matenda ena. Zitha kuchotsa izi pang'onopang'ono pokhapokha chifukwa mawonekedwe ake akutsimikiziridwa molondola. Ndipo pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo.
Powdery mildew
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimayamba kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungal, omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale poyera. Kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, pakani pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa tsamba. Ngati ndi powdery mildew, ndiye kuti zofunkira zing'onozing'ono zazingwe za mycelium zidzatsala pazala. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kumenyana ndi bowa kuchokera ku banja la powdery mildew mothandizidwa ndi fungusides wochokera ku sulufule kapena ndi zitsamba zothira wowerengeka ndi maphikidwe.
- Chinsinsi ichi chikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha gawo loyambirira la matenda, ndiye kuti kuthandizira kwake kudzakhala kwambiri. Zomera ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi njira ya manganese yokonzedwa kuchokera ku 10 l yamadzi ndi 1.5 g ya manganese. Kumwaza kumera kumayenera kuchitika kamodzi mvula ikangotha.
- Chithandizo chazomera zokhala ndi yankho malinga ndi izi Chinsinsi ziyenera kuchitika katatu tsiku lililonse lililonse la 7-10. Ndikofunikira kukonzekera kulowetsedwa kwa mullein. Magawo atatu amadzi amaphatikizidwa ndi gawo limodzi la mullein ndikusiyidwa kwa maola 72 kuti uumirire. Pakatha masiku atatu, kulowetsaku kuyenera kusefedwa ndi madzi okwanira katatu kuchulukitsa.
- Kuwaza ndi njirayi kumapereka zotsatira zabwino pambuyo pa ntchito yachiwiri. Muyenera kusakaniza malita 7 a madzi ofunda, 3 malita a Whey ndi supuni 1 yamkuwa.
- Chinsinsi chodziwika bwino cha anthu ndi kuchiritsa mbewu ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi. Amakonzedwa kuchokera ku 10 malita a madzi ndi 200 g ya anyezi mankhusu. Kuphatikizikako kumabweretsedwa ku chithupsa, ndikuwakupatsani kwa tsiku limodzi.
Zizindikiro za udzu wofowoka ndi masamba achikasu kumtunda kwa tsamba komanso pachimake pa imvi-violet hue, komanso duwa loyera pamphepete mwa tsamba. Mankhwala okhala ndi Copper amathandizira kuti athetse matendawa.
Osa
Wotentha pamasamba a chomera ndi nthenda ya fungal yomwe imakonda kupezeka chinyezi chambiri mobwerezabwereza nthawi yothirira, kupopera mankhwalawa komanso kuchuluka, komanso chinyezi chambiri mchipinda chokhala ndi maluwa. Kapangidwe kamakhala ngati mafupa kapena kansalu kosanja pamwamba pa mapepala omwe amakhala ngati fumbi. Mafangayi amakula mwachangu ndipo amatha kuwononga mbewu yonse nthawi yochepa. Ndiye chifukwa chake pamafunika kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti aiwononge. Pa gawo loyambirira, masamba onse owonongeka amachotsedwa ndipo chikhalidwecho chimathandizidwa ndi othandizira.
Gray zowola
Matendawa atawoneka pamasamba, zimayambira ndi petioles, kumalumikizana ndi imvi, komwe kumapeto kumakhala kuwola. Gray zowola munthawi yochepa imatha kuwononga duwa kwathunthu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuzindikira zizindikiritso zake zoyamba ndikuchotsa chomera kutali ndi makope ena. Ngati theka la chomeracho kapena ambiri ali ndi kachilombo, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwononga, popeza palibe mankhwala ochiritsa matendawa.
Matenda a fungus amawoneka komwe mikhalidwe yonse imapangidwira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kukumbukira kuti mukamakulitsa mbewu zamkati simungathe kuphwanya malamulo oyambirira osamalira ndi kukonza. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuyang'anira pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, pafupipafupi m'chipindacho. Simungathe kuyika miphika ya maluwa ndi mbewu pafupi kwambiri, amafunika mpweya wabwino.
Plaque yakuda, yofiira ndi mitundu ina
Zimachitika kuti mbewu zamkati zimawoneka ngati zofiyira zofiira, zakuda komanso mitundu ina. Onsewa amawonetsa kuwoneka kwa vuto lamtundu wina.
Dzimbiri - matenda fungal, zomwe zizindikiro zake ndi zolembedwa kumbuyo kwa tsamba kumbuyo kwa tsamba la chikasu, lalanje kapena bulauni. Pakapita kanthawi, masamba ophimbidwa ndi zokutira zoterezi ziuma. Dzimbiri limawoneka pamalo achinyezi, chipinda chozizira komanso kutentha kwa madigiri 10 mpaka 20 Celsius komanso chinyezi chowonjezereka. Alimi okhwima amalimbikitsa kuti ayambe kuyimitsa kukula kwa bowa pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, kuphimba duwa ndi thumba lakuthwa la pulasitiki ndikuyika pafupi ndi batire kapena chotenthetsera. Ndipo pa mwezi kuchita kamodzi pa sabata chithandizo ndi fungicides. Munthawi ya "chithandizo", sikulimbikitsidwa kupopera maluwa ndi madzi osavuta, chifukwa ndi malo abwino pakusinthika kwa spores.
Chikwangwani chakuda - matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza mbewu za kanjedza ndi zipatso, komanso camellias ndi azaleas. Bowa wakuda wa sooty amakonda kukhazikika pamtunda womata, womwe umakhala pomwepo popanda tizilombo zoipa (mwachitsanzo, mphutsi, mavu komanso nsabwe za m'masamba). Mbali zam'munsi komanso zam'munsi mwa masamba zimangokhala ngati owazidwa ndi ufa wakuda kapena wokutidwa ndi kutumphuka wakuda, komwe kumalepheretsa maluwa kupuma ndikukula kwathunthu. Njira ya photosynthesis imacheperachepera.
Kubwezeretsanso kukongoletsa kwa mbewu zamkati ndikubwezeretsanso mawonekedwe awo athanzi kungangowononga tizirombo. Kupatula apo, ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timasiya ntchito yathu yofunikira masamba, yomwe imakopa bowa ndi mawonekedwe ake omata. Kuphimba koteroko kumakhala malo abwino pofalitsa bowa owopsa. Pakalibe tizirombo, tsamba lililonse liyenera kutsukidwa ndi chinkhupule chofinyira choviikidwa m'madzi ofunda.
