Matenda a tsabola - kufotokoza, njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera

Chimodzi mwazomera zomwe timakonda ndi tsabola wokoma. Komabe, kukulira sikophweka. Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuvala pamwamba, kuluka, tsabola kumafuna chisamaliro mosamala komanso matenda. Ndipo iwo, mwatsoka, si ochepa. Zina mwazo zimakhudza mbewu pamsika, zina nthawi yolimba, ndipo zina kumapeto kwa nyengo. Ena ali ndi zizindikilo zoonekeratu, ena sangathe kutsimikizika popanda kuyesedwa kwa labotale, ambiri amazunza nthawi imodzi. Koma, ngakhale pali zovuta izi, ndikofunikira kudziwa za matenda, osachepera. Chifukwa kumvetsetsa kuti chikhalidwe chakhudzidwa, titha kuthana ndi matenda poteteza, ngati si onse, ndiye gawo la mbewu motsimikiza. M'buku lino, tikambirana za matenda akuluakulu a tsabola.

Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi

Matenda a fungus ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri komanso lofala kwambiri la matenda okoma a tsabola. Osati kokha chifukwa fungal spores imafalikira ndi mphepo ndikunyamulidwa ndi tizilombo, komanso chifukwa imasungidwa m'nthaka kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 15.

Mwendo wakuda

Nthawi zambiri, mwendo wakuda umakhudza tsabola kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha mmera, nthawi zambiri masamba oyamba a 2 mpaka 2-3 asanawonekere. Imachitika pakunyentchera kakakulu kwa dothi komanso muzu m'malo chifukwa chothirira kwambiri komanso kuthinana kwa malo ogulira komanso kuphatikiza kutentha pang'ono. Zimakhumudwitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angapo ochokera ku mtundu wa Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Olpidium ndi Pythium. Matendawa amafalikira kudera loipitsidwa komanso polumikizana ndi mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa. Amakonda dothi la asidi, dothi louma.

Zizindikiro za matenda amiyendo yakuda

Kupeza mwendo wakuda ndikosavuta: mbande zimadetsedwa m'munsi, kuphatikizika kwakuda kumawoneka pamphuno, chomera chimagwa ndikufa. Komabe, nthawi zina gawo loonda limatha kukhala ndi imvi, yoyera kapena yakuda, kutengera mtundu wa pathogen yomwe idakhudza mbewu.

Njira zopewera

kuvala kapena kutentha kwa theka la ora pa +50 ° C mwa zinthu zambewu;
kuperewera kwa dothi logwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbande;
kuthirira kokhazikika;
kupatula kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha.

Zoyendetsa Mwendo Wakuda

Ngati kuderako kumapangika ndikumapeto kwa juzi loonda la mbande ya mbande kumayang'aniridwa, zotupa zimatulutsa bowa wa mtundu wa Fusarium. Mu mawonekedwe awa, nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa matendawa kumachitika mwachangu, ndikuwonongeka kwa 100% kwa mbewu zonse.

Nthawi zina kuwonongeka kwa nkhungu, mbande pamunsi pa tsabola wodwala zimakhala zowala, zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira zakuda. Mizu pazomera zoterezi ukamatulutsa umakhala kuti palibe. Matendawa ndi oopsa, okhudza tsabola wochepa. Kuchotsa pa nthawi yake mbande zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka, mpweya wabwino m'zipinda, kuyambitsa phulusa la nkhuni m'munsi woyambira kumathandizira pano.

Ngati m'munsi mwa chomera pamakhala zobiriwira zakuda, zofiirira kapena zakuda, zofewa ndiye izi bakiteriya zowola. Nthawi zambiri chimawonedwa pa akulu mbande ndi unakhuthala m'minda. Itha kugwira ntchito kumadera onse azomera. Kupewa ndi kuwongolera, monga m'mbuyomu, kuvala mbewu, kufalitsa matenda nthaka, kufota kwa mbewu ndi phulusa.

Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zotupa ndi mwendo wakuda - "Fitosporin-M", "Trichodermin" (pofuna kupewa), "Barriers", "Barriers", "Previkur", "Fundazol".

Mbande za tsabola, zomenyedwa ndi mwendo wakuda.

Gray zowola

Chimakhala chofala kwambiri m'malo obisalamo maluwa, chifukwa bowa wa Botrytis cinerea amafunika kuphatikiza kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chambiri, komwe pamalo otseguka kumakhala kotheka panthawi yamvula yambiri. Zomera za bowa zimanyamulidwa ndi madzi, mphepo ndi tizilombo. Amalowetsa mbeu kudzera mumaluwa a chomera omwe awonongeka mwakanthawi kapena mwauma kuluma.

Zizindikiro za imvi zowola matenda

Gray zowola zimatha kukhudza magawo onse azomera. Pa tsinde ndi masamba a tsabola, imadziwoneka yokha ngati mawonekedwe osasamba amtundu wofiirira (ali ndi utoto wa azitona pazipatso), pomwe kuyanika kwamaso oyera kumayamba patapita nthawi - thecelium ya bowa, kutuluka nthawi yakusabala.

Njira zopewera

kutsatira malangizo obzala tsabola;
kupuma pafupipafupi kwa nyumba zobiriwira;
kuwonongeka kwa nthawi ya kachilombo koyambitsa matenda;
kuvala kapena kusintha kwa pamwamba, osachepera 5 cm, dothi.

Njira zoyesera kuthana ndi imvi zowola

Poyambirira kuwonongeka, kuchiza muzu wosanjikiza dothi ndi phulusa la nkhuni kungathandize. Ndi chotupa chachikulu - kuchotsedwa kwa matenda omwe ali ndi matenda, mankhwalawa ndi fungicides.

Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonongeka ndi imvi zowola - "Trichodermin", "Gamair", "Teldor", "Previkur", "Fundazol", "Topsin M".

Grey zowola pa tsabola

White zowola, kapena sclerotiniosis

White rot, kapena sclerotia, ndi nthenda ina ya fungal (pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) yomwe imachitika pakakhala kusiyana kwakutentha kosakanikirana ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Zodziwika bwino m'malo osungirako zinyama, ma hotbed, posungira. Itha kumera chomera chilichonse.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Pa tsinde la tsabola, pamwamba pa nthaka, mawonekedwe oyera oundana, minofu ya tsindeyo imakhala yofiyira, yodetsedwa. Masamba kuwala, kukhala madzi, kuphimbidwa ndi zokutira zoyera.

Njira zopewera

pachiwopsezo, nthawi zonse mpweya wabwino wowononga;
kuthirira tsabola ndi madzi ofunda;
yake chomera zakudya.

Njira zoyendetsera

Kuchotsa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbeu kapena tchire lathunthu.

Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito sclerotiniosis - Kusakaniza kwa Bordeaux, Khom, Oksikhom ndi ma fungicides ena okhala ndi mkuwa, komanso Previkur, Fundazol, Ridomil Golide, Topsin, Topaz, ndi zina zambiri.

Zizindikiro za zowola zoyera pamasamba a tsabola

Cladosporiosis, kapena bulauni

Cladosporiosis imakonda kupezeka m'malo obisalamo, chifukwa imakonda chinyezi komanso mpweya wofunda. Zogawidwa kudzera mu zida zamunda, chomera zinyalala, tizilombo, ndi mphepo. The causative wothandizila wa cladosporiosis ndi Fulvia fulva fungus.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Matendawa amatizindikira, kawirikawiri, m'magawo akuda a bulauni pamphepete mwa masamba a tsabola, pomwe amaonekanso imvi. Komabe, kufalikira kwa cladosporiosis kumayamba ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono owala, omwe amada, amaphatikizana ndikuluzikulu ndikuphimbidwa ndi conidiophores. Zikatere, masamba am'munsi amayamba kukhudzidwa, kenako amawuma, ndipo matendawa amakula kwambiri kuthengo. Ndi matenda akulu, cladosporiosis imafalikira ku maluwa onse ndi mazira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo itayike mpaka 30%.

Njira zopewera

kutsatira malangizo obzala tsabola;
kupuma pafupipafupi kwa nyumba zobiriwira;
kuchotsedwa kwa nthawi kwa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa;
mankhwalawa nthaka ndi phulusa la nkhuni, phytosporin;
gwiritsani ntchito mukadzala ndikatha, kamodzi pamwezi, ndikuthirira, trichodermine.

Njira zoyendetsera

Chithandizo cha antifungal.

Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zotupa ndi mawanga a bulauni - "Gamair", "Ordan", "HOM". Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, mobwerezabwereza pambuyo masiku 10, ndi mankhwala aliwonse amkuwa.

Cladosporiosis, kapena bulauni wowona pa tsabola.

Tsabola wowopsa

Wosamalira mundawo aliyense amva za matendawa. Chomwe chikuwonetsedwa ndikuwoneka bwino "munthawi" ya bowa la Phytophthora capsici - kusintha kwakuthwa usiku ndi masana kusakanikirana ndi chinyezi chadzaoneni chifukwa cha mvula, chifunga kapena mame olemera, omwe amakhala ochulukirapo mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Malo amtundu wakuda pamtunda wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zipatso. M'masiku okhala ndi nyengo yofunda, masamba a tsabola amasuluka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuyanika kumawonekera pansi. Panyengo yamvula imakhala yosalala komanso yowola. Mizu ya mbewu imasanduka yofiirira pakhungu. Pa zimayambira, kumera kwa mizu ndi kuwundana kumawonedwa. Zipatso zodwala zimakomoka, kufota.

Njira zopewera

kutsatira kasinthasintha wa mbeu;
kuvala koyenera panthawi yake (mbewu zofooka zimakhudzidwa poyamba);
zotsalira za zomera zodwala;
M'malo oopsa, chithandizo choyambirira ndimankhwala ochedwa a blight.

Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi vuto lochedwa - "Fitosporin-M", "Gamair", "Barriers", "Ridomil Gold", "Quadris", "Barriers", "Bravo", "Metaxil".

Zizindikiro zakusachedwa kwa masamba a tsabola

Fusarium

Tsabola wa Fusarium amayamba chifukwa cha bowa Fusarium. Kuti muwonetse mawonekedwe, chinyezi chachikulu ndi kutentha ndizofunikira.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Popeza kupanga fusarium kumayambira ndi mizu, ndizosatheka kudziwa gawo lake loyamba. Pambuyo pake, tsinde la tsabola m'munsi limakhala lofiirira. Udzu umakhala wachikasu, ma curls ndikuwuma. Pamapeto omaliza a matendawa, chomera chimawuma.

Njira zopewera

tsabola nthangala;
kutsatira kasinthasintha wa mbeu;
kutsatira dongosolo la kudyetsa (matendawa amakhudza kwambiri mbewu zofowoka);
kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zapakati (pomwe mabedi ndi opanda masamba).

Njira zoyendetsera

Kutentha kwakhudzira mbewu.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakugonjetsedwa ndi fusarium? Palibe mankhwala omwe amathetsa matendawa, koma Topsin-M ndi Fundazol amathandizira kuti matendawa athe.

Zizindikiro za Kuwonongeka kwa Fusarium Bell Pepper

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew - kukula kwa bowa Leveillula taurica. Imakhala yowonjezera pamtunda wowonjezera kutentha womwe umakula, komanso imatha kukhazikika m'mabedi otseguka pakagwa nyengo yabwino, kutentha pang'ono ndi chinyezi chochepa ndikusintha masiku amvula.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Kukula kwakukulu, kosapangidwa bwino ndi chithunzi chosawoneka bwino, masamba amtundu wa chlorotic; pakapita nthawi, masamba a tsabola amakutidwa ndi utoto wofiirira. Akamakula, masambawo amakhala opunduka, mawanga amadzaza nkhope yawo yonse, kenako amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa.

Njira zopewera

kuthirira nthawi zonse tsabola;
kusawerengeka kwa dziko lapansi komanso kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zobiriwira.

Njira zoyendetsera

Kukula kwa matendawa kumaletsedwera ndikuthilira tsabola nthawi zonse ndikumwaza, kuchotsera nthawi yake mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbewu kapena tchire lathunthu. Komanso mankhwalawa olumikizana komanso okhudzana ndi ma fungicides.

Kodi ndi mankhwala otani omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakugonjetsedwa ndi powdery mildew - Bordeaux madzi, Fitosporin-M, Khom, Previkur, Fundazol, Topsin M, etc.

Powdery mildew pamasamba a tsabola.

Verticillosis (VILT) ya tsabola wa belu

Tsabola wovunda wa Verticillin ndizofala kwambiri. Mabakiteriya amtundu wa Verticillium ndi omwe amachititsa kuti izi zichitike, ndipo nyengo yabwino yotsogola ndi yotentha kwambiri pakaphatikizidwe ndi chinyezi chotsika. Zawoneka kuti verticillosis imakhala yofala kwambiri m'malo achonde kuposa omwe ali ovutika.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Nthawi zambiri VILT imawonekera maluwa asanayambe tsabola. Tchire limachepera kukula, masamba atsopano amakula ndi ma infode apakati, ali obiriwira amdima. Pa masamba otsika, kufota kumawonedwa, ndikutsatira pang'onopang'ono mawanga a chlorotic. Zitatha izi, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikugwa. Chomera sichimabala zipatso, chimawululidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pansi kupita kumtunda (kokha korona wake yemwe ali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono), kenako imafa kwathunthu. Ndi zowonongeka m'magawo amtsogolo a chitukuko, zipatso zazing'ono zazing'ono zimawonedwa pa tsabola. Ngati mumadula tsinde lomwe lakhudzidwalo, ndiye kuti necrosis yamitsempha yamagazi imadziwika.

Njira zopewera

kasinthasintha wa mbeu 4-5;
kukulira tsabola pambuyo pa mbewu zomwe sizimadwala verticillosis (VILT imakhudza mbewu zonse zoyandikira), komanso pambuyo pa mbewu zomwe manyowa adalowetsedwa;
kuchotsedwa kwakanthawi kwa zotsalira za chomera;
ntchito yokulira mbande za nthaka yabwino tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
kusunga chinyezi cha dothi 80%.

Njira zoyendetsera

Palibe mankhwala omwe amathetsa matenda.

Verticillin wilt (wilt) wa tsabola.

Tsabola wa tsabola anthracnose

The causative othandizira anthracnose ndi bowa wa mtundu Colletotrichum. Amakonda chinyezi chachikulu chophatikizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Anthracnose imatha kukhudza gawo lililonse la mbewu, koma imayambitsa zovuta kwambiri ikamakula pazipatso. Tsabola ndi wokutidwa ndi mawanga oyera otuwa, pomwe mizera ya utoto wa lalanje imadzawonekera (kutalikirana kwa bowa). Mbewu zikawonongeka, mawanga achikasu amawumbika pamiyala, cotyledons ndi masamba owona, pamakhala kuchedwa pakupanga mbande, kufota kwa chimfine ndi kufa kwa mbewu.

Njira zopewera

kasinthasintha wa mbeu (pambuyo pa nightshade angabzalidwe pokhapokha zaka 2-3);
kuperewera kwa mbeu.

Njira zoyendetsera

Kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides okhala ndi mkuwa.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito motsutsana ndi anthracnose? "Antracol", "Kolose Pro", "Falcon".

Zizindikiro za anthracnose pa tsabola.

Cercosporosis

The causative wothandizila cercosporosis ndi bowa Cercospora capsici. Kuchuluka kwa tsabola kwa iwo kumagwa makamaka kumapeto kwa nyengo, munthawi ya kukula ndi chifunga.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Choyamba, cercosporosis amakhudza masamba a tsabola. Malo oyera oyera a chlorotic amawonekera pa iwo ndi anzawo. Minofu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mawanga imafa msanga, imagwa, nthawi zambiri pepalalo limagwa.

Njira zopewera

kuchotsedwa kwakanthawi kwa zotsalira za matenda matenda;
kuvala kwa dothi.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi cercosporosis? "Derozal", "Falcon", "Coral Pro".

Cercosporosis pamasamba a tsabola.

Bacterial belu tsabola matenda

Matenda a bakiteriya a tsabola amabweretsa zowonongeka zazikulu. Chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo komanso zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira, ndipo chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa tizilombo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupewa. Amawoneka mu mawonekedwe a kuvunda, kuwotcha, minofu necrosis.

Bakiteriya wakuda

Kuwona bakiteriya wakuda wa tsabola kumachitika chifukwa cha bacterium Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Ndi mphamvu yapadera, imagwira ntchito mu nyengo yonyowa, popeza imakonda kutentha pang'ono komanso kukonkha komanso chinyezi chambiri. Zowonongeka zimawonedwa zonse mu mbande komanso mu wamkulu wazomera.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Kuwona kwamtundu wamtundu kumaonekera pamasamba a tsabola mu mawonekedwe ang'ono, awiri ofika mpaka 2 mm m'mimba mwake, mawonekedwe akuda omwe amapanga pang'onopang'ono, ndikukula pamakamba - ngati mawonekedwe akuda. Pa zipatso za tsabola - mavenda akuda okhala ndi pakati yoyera. Malowo ndi ozunguliridwa ndi mulingo wonyowa, womwe pambuyo pake umasanduka wobiriwira. Mabala pazipatso amakula mpaka 8 mm, minofu yomwe ili pansi pawo nthawi zambiri imagunda. Mbeu zoyambukiridwa zimagwa masamba.

Njira zopewera

kuvala mbewu;
ntchito kukula mbande za zotetezedwa dothi;
kukonza Bordeaux madzi.

Njira zoyendetsera

Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwa matenda opatsirana. Kusanthula mbewu zokhala ndi zida zamkuwa. Mu gawo loyambirira la matendawa - Fitolavinom.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazilonda zakuda? Fitosporin-M, Gamair, Planriz, Bactofit, Oksikhom, Khom.

Bakiteriya wakuda.

Kuyatsa mwachangu mabakiteriya osilira

Kuwunikira mwachangu kwa mabakiteriya ndi chifukwa cha ntchito ya bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Zomera zimayamba kuzirala. Pachigawo cha tsinde, pamatuluka zotupa zoyera.

Njira zopewera

kutsatira kasinthasintha wa mbeu;
kuvala mbewu;
kuchotsedwa kwa nthawi kwa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa;
kukonza chinyezi m'chigawo cha 80%.

Njira zoyendetsera

Chithandizo cha mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito? "Fitolavin-300" - pansi pa chitsamba cha tsabola, mkati mwa 10 m kuchokera kuzomera zomwe zakhudzidwa, ndi masamba.

Kuunikira mwachangu mabakiteriya okuta tsabola.

Zofewa bakiteriya

The causative wothandizira zofewa bakiteriya zowola ndi angapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya a mtundu Pectobacterium ndi Dickeya. Cholinga cha kubereka kwawo mwachangu ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka cha chilengedwe kuphatikiza ndi kutentha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kuwola kwa bakiteriya kumakhudza zipatso za tsabola nthawi yosungirako, komanso kumatha kumera pazomera zathanzi, komanso pakhosi pamizu. Matendawa amapezeka ziwalo za mwana wosabadwayo kapena tsinde zikawonongeka ndi tizilombo, kapena mwana wosunthirayo akalumikizana ndi ena.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Mawonekedwe amvula okhumudwa amawonekera pa zipatso za tsabola, zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndi kununkhira kosasangalatsa. Khosi likauma, masamba amasungunuka, tsinde limakhala lopanda kanthu, mbewuyo imafota ndikufa.

Njira zopewera

kuvala mbewu;
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ophukira mbande;
mpweya wabwino wowonjezera kutentha;
kuchotsedwa kwa nthawi kwa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa;
kubwezeretsa kapena kuvala kwa dothi lobiriwira;
kusungirako zipatso pamtunda wosaposa +21 C.

Njira zoyendetsera

Mukabzala mbande - chithandizo cha mizu ya mbande yankho la "Fitosporin-M" (2 g / 1 lita imodzi yamadzi). Kugwetsa chipatso ndi madzi a chlorine (osachepera 0,005%).

Zizindikiro za mabakiteriya ofota mu tsabola.

Khansa ya tsabola

Chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya bakiteriya ndi bakiteriya Clavibacter michiganensis. Zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zitheke ndi kutentha kwambiri kosakanikirana ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Bacteria imayendetsedwa ndi tizilombo komanso zida zantchito. Zimachitika makamaka m'malo obiriwira a kum'mwera. Palibe njira zothanirana ndi iye, zokhazo zodzitetezera.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Kukhalapo kwa mawanga a bulauni osawoneka bwino ndi malo owala, omwe pang'onopang'ono amatumphuka, amakula ndikuphatikizana ndikuwonekera mpaka mainchesi 3 cm. Pa tchire lomwe limakhudza kwambiri masamba, masamba amasungunuka ndipo amawuluka mosavuta ndikazungunuka. Pazipatso za tsabola, mawanga ali ndi malo otuwa komanso malire oyera.

Njira zopewera

Zachilengedwe:

kuvala mbewu kwa maola awiri mu Fitolavin-300 (0,2% yankho);
kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mapangidwe omwewo a mbande zomwe zili m'mapepala atatu enieni ndikubwereza;
kuviika muzu wa mbande nthawi yokumira (mu yankho lomweli);
Kuchotsa ndi kuwononga madera owonongeka kwambiri a mbewu ndi chida chosiyana;
pa misa fruiting, mankhwala a zomera ndi kwachilengedwenso mankhwala okhala ndi Bacillus subtilis;
Kusintha kwofunikira kwa dothi mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Chemical:

kuvala kwa mbewu ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa Tiram;
kuchiza kwamatenda a tsabola omwe ali ndi kukonzekera kwamkuwa madzulo kuyambira 16 mpaka 18 maola, m'mawa kuyambira maola 10 mpaka 12 (nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya mankhwalawa;
disinawon wa greenhouse ndi methyl bromide.

Njira zoyendetsera

Culling anakhudza mbande za tsabola. Njira zochizira matenda ena okhala ndi mkuwa wokhala ndi kukonzekera.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya tsabola ya bakiteriya

Masamba a pepala a bacteria

Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda angapo omwe amayambitsa matenda a chomera. Amanyamulidwa ndi tizilombo.

Mitundu ya fodya

Wothandizila kupha utoto wa tsabola ndi mtundu wa fodya wa fodya. Amachita zowonongeka zazikulu mu chikhalidwe chobiriwira.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Pamasamba a tsabola, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a nsangalabwi amawonekera. Zomera zimasiyidwa chitukuko. Nthawi zina necrosis imachitika m'mitsempha yayikulu ya tsamba.

Njira zopewera

chithandizo cha mbewu;
chovala chobiriwira;
kusankha mitundu yosagwira ya tsabola.

Njira zoyendetsera

M'malo omwe muli pachiwopsezo, masiku 7 asanabzalidwe, mbande zimachiritsidwa ndi boric acid, ndikuzibwereza masiku 7 mutabzala.

Fodya wamtundu wa tsabola.

Stolbur

Column, kapena phytoplasmosis, kapena kupindika kwa zipatso za tsabola ngati nyengo yotentha, youma. Kufalikira ndi mitu yamikono. Gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda limayikidwa mokhazikika, chifukwa amayambitsa matendawa, osati ma virus osati fungi, koma mycoplasmas.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Kuwonetsedwa kwa phytoplasmosis kumayamba ndi korona. Pa mphukira zakumtunda, m'mphepete mwa masamba owala bwino pamagota ndikuuma, koma masamba samagwa. Pang'onopang'ono, kuwonekera kumeneku kumatsikira pachomera chonse. Nthawi yomweyo, ma internode amayamba kuchepa. Maluwa amawoneka, koma osabala. Ngati chipatso cha tsabola chimamangidwa, chimakula moyipa, chokhotakhota ngati mulomo, wolimba, chimaphuka msanga.

Njira zopewera

kuchotsa kwa namsongole, makamaka m'munda womangika, wokonza m'munda, wobzala nthula (amakonda kwambiri mycoplasma data);
popeza ma cicadas amanyamulidwa mosavuta ndi mphepo, ndikofunikira kuteteza malowa ku mphepo zazikulu zomwe zikupezeka;
kukonza mabedi motsutsana ndi cicadas "Fufanon", "Karbofos" (madzulo);
kusankha mitundu yosagwirizana ndi tsabola;
kuvala zakuthupi, monga momwe mzati amakondera mbewu zomwe zimafooka ndi matenda a fungal ndi virus;
kuwonongeka kwa matenda matenda.

Zizindikiro za phytoplasmosis mu tsabola wa belu

Matenda achilengedwe a tsabola

Tsabola Wotsogola

Tsabola wowola tsabola ndi wa matenda angapo azamoyo, chifukwa samachitika ndi tizilomboti, koma chifukwa chosowa zakudya m'thupi. Imachitika ndi nayitrogeni wambiri motsutsana ndi kusowa kwa calcium ndi chinyezi.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Kumayambiriro kwake, ndimdima wobiriwira, kenako malo akulira bulauni pamwamba pa chipatso cha tsabola.

Njira zopewera

kutsatira njira zamalimidwe polima mbewu;
kuthirira panthawi yake;
supplementation ya calcium (muzu wa 3-4 ndi foliar 2-3).

Tsabola zowola za tsabola.

Pomaliza Tsoka ilo, ndizovuta kuteteza makama anu ku matenda. Spungi zambiri, ma virus, ma mycoplasmas samanyamula osati ndi tizilombo, komanso ndi mphepo, zimasungidwa m'nthaka. Komabe, kupewa matenda ambiri, kapena kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa kufalikira ndi chitukuko, ndizowona.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsatira kasinthidwe kazomera, kudyetsa mbewu yake pa nthawi yake, kusunga malowo kuti asadetsedwe ndi namsongole, kuchotsa zisonyezo ndi kuwonongeka koyenera munthawi yake, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengoyi zinyalala zonse za mbewu zodwala.