Kolumneya ndi chomera chopanda zipatso cha m'badwo wa Gesneriaceae. Wosadzisamalira posamala, ali ndi maluwa otumphukira ndi maluwa owala bwino. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva dzina lake lachiwiri - "golide" (mawonekedwe ndi maluwa).
Mphukira zazing'ono za mbewuzo zimamera, koma zikamakula, zimayamba kugwa. Mitengo ya mpesayo ndiyopanda minofu, koma yosalimba, yotalika masentimita 8-10. Masamba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika kapena owoneka ndi mtima, pomwe pansi ndi losalala (glossy), lokhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Potere, nthambi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi wandiweyani, kuwala kwapang'onopang'ono.
Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 10. Maluwa amapezeka pafupi ndi gawo laling'ono la mphukira, ndikusiya maziko amatsamba. Ziphuphu ndi pinki, lalanje kapena chikasu. Nthawi yamaluwa imagwera nthawi yozizira kapena koyambirira kwamasika, pomwe nthawi yachilimwe imakhala kum'mwera chakumwera.
Mitundu ya Kolumneya ndi mitundu
Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mitundu yamakhola, koma mutha kulingalira za zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuberekera m'nyumba.
Columnae Carnival - yodziwika ndi kufalikira kwa masamba obiriwira ochepa obiriwira, ndipo nthawi yamaluwa, maluwa owala achikasu amawonekeranso, wokhala ndi malire oyera oyera pamiyala.
Kolumney Allen - chomera chowoneka bwino cha maluwa chamaluwa ofiira. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti mphukira zimakula mwachangu, ndikupanga mipesa yayitali.
Kolumneya Krakatau - imakhala ndi zobiriwira zakuda, masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi masamba owala ofiira.
Column wofiira wamagazi - yosiyanitsidwa ndi masamba akulu ndi mphukira. Ndipo maluwa apansi, monga dzinalo limatanthawuzira, amakhala ndi utoto wofiira. Kuphatikiza apo, kumbuyo kwa masamba pali masamba ofiira (mawonekedwe a stain).
Columnae Banks - pa mphukira mpaka mita imodzi, masamba obiriwira ochepa obiriwira ndi maluwa achikasu a lalanje amapezeka.
Kolumney Wolemekezeka - Masamba amtunduwu amasiyanitsidwa ndi kulimba kwawo ndi mawonekedwe a pubescent.
Kolumney Shida - kusiyana kowonekera kuchokera ku mitundu yina ndikupezeka kwa mulu wofiyira pamapiko ataliitali komanso kumbuyo masamba. Maluwa omwe amakhala kutalika konse kwa mphukirawo ndi utoto wachikaso.
Columnae chisamaliro kunyumba
Kolumney amakonda kuwala kowala, koma kosakanikirana. Pa maluwa, kuwunikira kowonjezera kungafunike. Popeza chomera sichimalola kuunika mwachindunji ndikuwongolera, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike kumsewu (komanso ikani khonde, khonde, ndi zina).
M'nyengo yotentha, Kolumna imakhala momasuka pa t = + 23 ... + 27 ° C. Kusintha ndi kutentha kwapamwamba ndikothekanso, koma pansi pokhapokha - chinyezi chowonjezeka cha mpweya. M'nyengo yozizira, amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kutentha kwa chipinda kukhala + 16 ... + 18 ° C, zomwe zimathandizira kuyika kwamaluwa atsopano.
Violet kapena Saintpaulia ndi nthumwi ya banja la a Gesneriaceae; amafunikira kukonza koyenera akachoka kunyumba. Mupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira kuti mulime m'nkhaniyi.
Kutsirira Column ndi Chinyezi
Chinyezi mwina ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri kuti aziteteza mpesa wotentha uwu kunyumba. Chifukwa chake, kuti tisunge momwe ziliri ndi kholingo, ndikofunikira kupaka mafuta tsiku lililonse kapena kukhazikitsa chinyezi cha mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kupanga zoyeretsera zomatira: kuphimba thireyi yayikulu ndi timiyala tating'ono, kuthira madzi ndikuyika mphika ndi chomera pamwamba. Poterepa, madziwo sayenera kufika pansi pa mphika. Chifukwa chake, kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa chinyezi kudzachitika mwachindunji kuzungulira duwa.
Madzi azikhala ofewa, osaloleza laimu, apo ayi mbewuyo idzafa. Sinthani pafupipafupi madzi othirira pomwe dothi lakumunda limaphwa, kupewa madzi osunthika poto. Chifukwa cha kukhetsa - madzi samasunthika mumphika, koma ndikofunikira kukhetsa kuchokera poto.
Thirani columney
Kolumneya ali ndi mizu yofooka komanso yovuta, kotero ndikuwonjezera pafupipafupi imatsutsana.
Mutha kuthilira mbewu yomwe idagulidwa posachedwa, ndikuwonjezera zina zimachitika pomwe nthambuyo ikamakula. Ukadaulo ndi njira yodutsa matope, osavulaza muzu.
Ground for Kolumney
Kwa mbewu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu, kapangidwe ka nthaka sikasintha. Kuti muchite izi, mphika wapakatikati komanso woszama kwambiri umadzazidwa ndi chosungira ndipo pokhapokha gawo lotsatira likutsatira.
Mutha kugula mgulu losakanizika ndi dothi losakanizika, lopangidwira theka-epiphytes. Mutha kupanganso palokha ndikalumikizana ndi mawonekedwe awa: dziko la turf, nthaka yamasamba, peat ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga, moss ndi makala (4: 4: 2: 1).
Feteleza wa Kolumna
M'chilimwe, pakukula, sizipweteka mzati kudyetsa zovuta za feteleza wa mchere. Kuti muchite izi, m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa mutha kugula chisakanizo chosankhidwa mwapadera komanso choyenera chamaluwa amkati.
Amasudzulana ndi madzi panthawi yothirira (pewani kuyanjana ndi masamba).
Kudulira Kholamu
Chaka chilichonse, mutatha maluwa, monga njira yokonzanso, kudulira kumachitika, apo ayi, m'zaka zochepa ma liana amakula ndikuleka kukopa.
Kuphatikiza apo, musaiwale za kuchotsedwa kwa maluwa owuma, masamba ndi mipesa.
Kufalitsa kwa Columnia podulidwa
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira mbewu iyi ndi kudula. Kubwerera mu February ndi Marichi, kudula (kuchokera kumtunda komwe mphukira zachichepere) kuyenera kudulidwa, kutalika kwa 6-7 masentimita osasiya masamba 4-5. Mizu imachitika mu gawo lonyowa (nthaka yonse ndi kuwonjezera kwa peat).
Kusamalira mbande kumakhala pamalo otentha bwino (+ 21 ° С ... + 24 ° С). Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti kuthilira tsiku ndi tsiku ndikungokhala pang'ono (kutsitsa madzi sikovomerezeka).
Masamba atsopano akangokulira, ndiye kuti mizu yake idayamba kuyenda bwino (mizu yatsopano ipanga), tsopano mutha kuyika mbewuyo mumphika, pamalo okhazikika.
Columnia akukula ndi mbewu
Palinso njira ina yovuta yolerera - mbewu. Choyipa chachikulu ndichakuti si mbewu zonse zomwe zimamera ndikukula. Alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa okha ndi omwe amatengera njira imeneyi.
Mbewu zimamera pokhapokha pobzala. Ndondomeko imachitika bwino, moyenera, kumapeto kwa February. Mbewu zofesedwa panthaka yophatikizika (chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga), imagunda pang'ono ndi dothi ndikuphimba ndi filimu. Kutentha kwa nyumba yobiriwira kuyenera kukhala pamlingo + 23 ... + 25 ° С. Chisamaliro cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndikulowetsa wowonjezera kutentha ndikumunyowetsa gawo lapansi, ngati pakufunika.
Maonekedwe a mphukira yoyamba ndiyotheka patatha milungu iwiri. Pambuyo pake, mphukira zazing'ono zimafunikira kuunikira bwino, koma osati kuwongolera dzuwa. Njira yabwino ndikukhazikitsa nyali ya fluorescent. Maluwa atangotenga masamba 3-4 - amathanso kuwaika m'miphika. Kutola kolamu sikuchitika.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ngati kuthirira kwambiri ndikusunthika kwa madzi pa mphukira ndi mizu kungaoneke imvi. Potizindikira, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, osayambitsa ndondomekoyi.
Dera lonse lomwe lakhudzidwa (ngati lili laling'ono) liyenera kuchotsedwa ndikufakidwa, pochotsa mizu ndi malo odulidwawo ndi fangayi. Musanaikidwe, onaninso mizu, ngati pali zotupa pamenepo, ndiye kuti mukuchotsanso mbali yomwe yakhudzidwa. Ngati matenda adapezeka kumapeto kwenikweni (mizu yomwe idakhudzidwa kwathunthu), ndiye kuti kudulira kwa mphukira wathanzi kumadulidwe kumachitika.
Columnae nthawi zina amamenyedwa nsabwe za m'masamba, zishango, kuponya ndi akangaudeamakhala pamasamba ndi zimayambira. Chithandizo chimakhala ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
