Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipatso ndi maluwa mabulosi

Kapangidwe ka dimba la zipatso ndi mabulosi ndi ntchito yabwino, yankho lomwe mtsogolomo lidzapatsa banjalo zipatso zokoma ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso. Chifukwa chake, mukakonzekera tsamba lomwe mukufuna (monga akunenera) fulumirani pang'onopang'ono.

Ntchito yokonzekera

Pokonzekera dzikolo, ndikofunikira kugawa malo otseguka dzuwa ndi malo okwanira pansi pamundapo. Simungathe kuyika dimba m'malo otsika, pomwe mitsinje yamadzi ndi madzi idzagwa nthawi yamvula. Mukatha kuyesa kunja kwa dimba logawidwa mundawo, zindikirani ndikulemba m'ndandanda wanu ntchito yokonzekera.

Kapangidwe ka dimba. © mitengo ya Woodcroft

• Yeretsani malo a stump akale, zitsamba zamtchire, miyala ndi zinyalala zina.
• Lima kwambiri m'derali kapena kukumba ndi chopangira chosungira.
• Madzi oyambitsa udzu. Pa mbande, khalani mozama mozama ndikuwongolera malowo.
• Mofananamo, perekani nthaka ku labotale yama kemikali yapafupi kuti mudziwe momwe nthaka ndi mtundu wa dothi limapangidwira. Izi ndizofunikira posamalira m'munda pambuyo pake: kuthira feteleza, kuthilira, ndi ntchito zina zaulimi.
• Malinga ndi zotsatira za kusanthula (monga malangizowo), onjezani mulingo wa feteleza ndi zinthu zina zokonzanso pansi pa chithandizo chomaliza cha yophukira. Popanda zoterezi, ndizosatheka kuphatikiza malowa. Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa feteleza ndi zinthu zina mwachindunji mu dzenjelo (ma feteleza am'migodi, humus kapena vermicompost, laimu yotsika, zopangidwa kuchokera ku tizilombo ndi matenda).

Zoning pa kukonzekera kwa dimba ndi mabulosi kubzala

Pa pepala lojambulapo la dimba, chilingani pamunda wamundawo. Mundawo ukhoza kukhala kutsogolo kwa nyumbayo, pambali kapena kumbuyo kwake, koma mitengo ndi tchire ziyenera kupezeka kumpoto mpaka kumwera kuti ziwalike bwino komanso kukhala ndi magawo atatu. Amatha kupezeka umodzi wina ndi mzake kapena kugawidwa m'magawo atatu omwe ali kumapeto kwanyumba yonse.

• Ngati gawoli lalumikizana, ndiye kuti pamalo oyikiratu dimba lakhazikitsidwa, mbewu zomwe sizingabisike zikhalidwe za dera lachiwiri, ndipo m'mawa adzalandira gawo lawo dzuwa.
• Mu gawo lachiwiri ndibwino kuyika mabulosi. Kutalika kwawo mpaka mita 1.5. Mthunzi wam'mawa kuchokera ku tchire suvulaza mbewu za gawo lachitatu.
• M'gawo lachitatu, zipatso zomwe zingabzalidwe zidzabzalidwe. Kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo, zizikhala pamtunda wa 2.5-3.0 m, kuti pasawononge dera lawo.

Pamasamba a dayala yamundawo, lembani mayina ndi kufotokoza mwachidule zipatso ndi zipatso za mabulosi, ndipo pachithunzichi chikusonyeza malo omwe ali pamalowo pansi pa manambala.

Konzani munda wanu wamtsogolo kuti mbewu zisasokonezane komanso kuti zisabise kuwala. © © apleshlee

Kapangidwe ka Berry

Mukuphwanya mabulosi pa chithunzi, nthawi yomweyo muziganizira momwe mbewuzo zimakhalira. Chifukwa chake, blackcurrant imakula mwakachetechete ozunguliridwa ndi oyandikana nawo, koma sea buckthorn ndi viburnum sizigwira ntchito ndi anansi awo. Chifukwa chake, iwo amawokedwa mosiyana. Sea buckthorn angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati udzu wobiriwira, ndi viburnum, hawthorn - mu mawonekedwe okongoletsa ngodya yopuma. M'malo otsetsereka a solitaire a udzu wosenda, amawoneka bwino.

Eni malo ena amakhulupirira kuti ndibwino kuyika zitsamba za mabulosi m'malire a chiwembu. Poterepa, gawo la dzikolo limamasulidwa pazikhalidwe kapena madera ena (zosangalatsa, masewera, ndi zina). Kukonzekera koteroko ndikoyenera ngati malowo sanazungulidwe ndi hedge wobiriwira kapena mabulosi eni ake atha kuchita izi monga mawonekedwe awo (prickly, wandiweyani, ndi zina).

Kuchulukana kwa mabulosi kubzala ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ndiwowongolera mwachilengedwe pakukula bwino kwa mbewu, kukaniza kwawo matenda ndi kapangidwe kazomera.

• Ma raspiberi amawabzala m'mizere yolimba, pambuyo pa 0.5 m kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi mita 1.0-1.5 pakati pamizere. Kukula, rasipiberi amakhalamo timipata, timiyala takale timamasulidwa ku raspberries ndikusintha kwakanthawi. Pokonza zochulukira, chikhalidwecho chimasinthidwa, kubwerera patatha zaka 2-4 kumalo ake oyambirirawo.
• Ioshta, wakuda ndi golide curators amabzalira patali pakati pa tchire la mita pafupifupi 1.5, ndi ofiira kupyola mita. Tchuthi zazikuluzabisalira wina ndi mzake, ma spines a mitundu ya gooseberries ndikuchepetsa kufikira zipatso. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito hedge wobiriwira, honeysuckle ndi irgu zimabzalidwa kudzera pakati pa 1.0-1,5 mita (komanso ngakhale denser), ndi mabulosi mtunda wamtunda wa 2 mita.

Kubzala mabulosi. © Thomas Generazio

Chiwerengero cha mabulosi osiyanasiyana ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ganizirani mozama ndikukonzekera pasadakhale kuchuluka kwa mitundu iliyonse ndi mitundu yambiri kuti mutha kupatsa banja lanu zipatso zatsopano ndikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Pabanja la anthu 4-5 padzakhala raspberries wokwanira ma tchire 20, tchire 3-4 zamitundu yonse ya currants ndi jamu, ioshta, iraghi ndi honeysuckle. Siyani malo ena omasuka kwa omwe angotuluka kumene omwe adzaonekere m'munda wanu wamasamba pakapita nthawi. Mabulosi okonzedwa bwino amakula bwino ndipo amabala zipatso mkati mwa zaka 7 mpaka 12, kenako pang'onopang'ono kapena tchire limasamutsidwira kumalo ena.

Kuwonongeka kwa zipatso

Patsamba lotsata la mindandanda yazamalimo, jambulani zipatso za zipatso. Gawani masentimita 4 pachikhalidwe chilichonse. mamita okwanira pansi pa mtengo umodzi. Musatopetse ikamatera. Mitengoyi imakula ndikuyamba kusokoneza, kapenanso kuponderezana. Kudzala maenje akuyenera kukhala mumizere kutali kwa 4.0-4.5 m. Siyani ma kanjira osachepera 2,5-3.0 m. Yang'anirani mitundu ya mbewu. Chifukwa chake, lero minda yambiri ikusinthana ndi mitengo ya ma apulo ndi mapeyala - mbewu zazikulu zam'mundamo. Potengera chizolowezi, mitunduyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo mitundu ya mbewu imakhala yofanana ndi mbewu zazitali. Mitundu ya Coloniform ndiosavuta kusamalira, imagwirizana ndi matenda, yowonongeka pang'ono ndi chisanu.

Kwa banja wamba, mitengo 1-2 yamtundu uliwonse ndi yokwanira. M'mundamo, mitundu yoyambirira, yapakatikati komanso mochedwa iyenera kukhalapo kuti ikhale ndi zipatso zatsopano nthawi yonse yotentha ndikukonzekereratu nyengo yachisanu. Kuyambira pa zokolola zam'munda, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi ma cherries awiri (koyambirira komanso mochedwa). M'malo yamatcheri apakati Amapanga mbewu pambuyo pa chitumbuwa choyambirira. Mukufunika quince 1 (pambuyo pake mutha kubzala mtundu wina kapena mitundu ina), ma plums awiri atatu, kuphatikiza ndi marabel imodzi. Ma apricots a 1-2 amitundu yosagwira chisanu ndikokwanira. Mitengo ya apulo 2-3, yomwe popita nthawi ya katemera imatha kusinthidwa kukhala mitundu ya 6-8 ya zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Musaiwale kusiya malo azokolola. Walnut ziyenera kubzalidwa mosiyana. Pafupifupi palibe chomwe chimakula pansi pa korona wa chikhalidwe ichi. Ngati mumakonda Hazel, tengani mzere woyamba kuti mitengo yayitali isam'chotsere dzuwa ndi mthunzi wawo. Mitengo ya zipatso 11-12 imadzasinthidwa kukhala mitundu mitundu ya 18-20.

Kuti mundawo utumikire kwa nthawi yayitali osadwala, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda, tizirombo, kusintha kwa nyengo, kubala zipatso motalika. Mutha kudziwa zamitundu ndi mitundu ya dera lanu, mpaka chigawo, ndi mawonekedwe awo pamndandanda ndi mabuku ena. Pogula mbande, onetsetsani kuti mukumane ndi akatswiri. Kumbukirani! Mundawo, womwe umakhazikitsidwa ndi mbande zapamwamba, udza kuwonjezera ntchito ndi chisamaliro, koma osasangalatsa kukolola ndi mtundu wa zipatso.

Njira zambiri zodzalirira dimba

Tsegulani mundawo mu kugwa, ndiye kuti, ikani maenje obzala monga momwe mungaganizire, konzekerani pafupi ndi feteleza uliwonse womwe umafunikira ku dothi.

Kukonza dzenje

Mu nthawi yophukira, mudzatha kukonzekera dzenje lokhalokha kukula kwake, popeza mtundu womaliza udzatsimikizidwa ndi kukula kwa mizu, kutengera zaka zomwe mmera udagulidwa. Kukula koyambirira kwa dzenje lobzala kuli pafupifupi 60x60 kwa mbande wazaka 2, kwa ana azaka zitatu amatha kuwonjezeredwa mpaka 70x80 cm ndikumalizidwa akamadzala mmera mu dzenjelo.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Pafupifupi dzenje lirilonse, sakanizani kumtunda ndi humus, peat. Chapakatikati, musanabzale mmera, onjezani kapu ya matabwa ndi slimu wa laimu ndi 200 g wa nitrofoska pamtunduwu. Sakanizani bwino.

Mbande za mitengo ya zipatso ndi mabulosi a mitengo yabwino kwambiri zimagulidwa kwa alimi odalirika. © chachikulu

Kugula ndi kukonza mbande

Kubzala mbande kumachitika bwino kwambiri mchaka. Nthawi yakula, mbande zimalimbitsidwa, mizu yake imalimbitsidwa. Mtengo wachichepere m'nyengo yachisanu-yotentha-nthawi yophukira imasinthira kumalo atsopano.

Tengani nthawi yanu kuti mugule mbande kwa ogulitsa ena osadziwika, makamaka m'misewu yopita ku kanyumba. Ndikwabwino kugula mbande m'minda yomwe ikulimidwa kapena ku nazale. Pali chitsimikizo kuti mudzapeza zokolola zam'munda zomwe mukufuna kapena mabulosi omwe mukufuna.

Yang'anani mosamala mmera wosankhidwa. Ngati mukupeza mizu yowuma, tsinde lopindika, ming'alu mu khungwa kapena madontho a chingamu, kanani kugula. Kumbukirani! Palibe zitsimikiziro kuchokera kwa wogulitsa zomwe zingabwezere nthawi yotayika.

Malangizo pobzala mbande

Zilowerere mbande mu chitsa kapena zina zokupatsani zokuthandizani masiku 1-2 musanabzale. Konzani mbale ya dothi yophatikizira ndi mizu, planris kapena phytosporin. Ma biofungicides ena oyenera osakanikirana ndi thanki angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Pafupifupi milungu 2-3 musanabzale mbande, thirani gawo lina la dothi losakaniza ndi chulu mu dzenje. Pakati pa sabata ino, chulucho chimakhazikika, ndipo mmera wobzalidwa udzaikidwa m dzenjemo. Viyikani mmera wokonzedweramo mu phala, ndikuwukhira mu dzenje, ndikufalitsa muzuwo kukhonong'onong'ono kuti pasapezeke chokweza, ndikuphimba 2/3 la dzenje ndi dothi losakaniza. Thirani madzi. Mukatentha, ikani dothi lotsalawo kapena dothi. Gwirani chimacho ndikukhometsa mmera ndi chithunzi zisanu ndi zitatu kuti muchirikize. Mbande yosatetezedwa, ikupendekeka ndi mphepo, imadula mizu yaying'ono yomwe imapereka kulumikizana kwa dothi ndi dothi.

Zofunikira zofunikira pakufika

Mukabzala, onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira kuya kolondola kwa khosi. Ikuzama, mtengowo ungathe kuuma pambuyo pazaka 5-10 (makamaka pamtunda wolemera). Pamadothi opepuka a mchenga (makamaka kum'mwera), ndibwino kuzama khosi la muzu kwinakwake mu dothi (8-10 cm), "ndikubisala" kuchokera pamtunda wapukuta wapamwamba. Mu mbande zomwe zimapanga mizu yophukira kapena mphukira (nkhuyu, ma currants, plums, mitengo ya apulo), kukula sikungasokoneze kukula kwa mtengo. Mbande za mbewuzi zimamanganso mizu, nthawi zambiri pamadothi osakwanira.

Mu mbande zokhala ndi mizu, khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamlingo wa dzenje lobzala kapena masentimita 2-3 pamwamba (palibenso). M'mizere yolumikizidwa, tsamba lomalumikiza limakhala 4-8 masentimita pamwamba pa khosi pamizu. Olima maluwa a Novice nthawi zambiri amasokoneza kolala yamuzu ndi katemera ndikuwonjezera kubzala mpaka pamalo a katemera. Pamenepa, khosi la mizu limayikidwa munthaka ndipo mtengowo umafa msanga.

Ngati mwazindikira molondola khosi la mizu ndikubzala mmera kuti ukule mpaka 4-5 masentimita pamwamba panthaka, ndiye kuti mtengowo wabzalidwa molondola. Timapanga dothi mozungulira kubzala. Kutali ndi thunthu ndi ma radius a 30-50 masentimita, timapanga odzigudubuza 5-7 masentimita ndikutsanulira ndowa zina zitatu za madzi. Pamodzi ndi madzi odziwika, mmera umakokeridwanso m'nthaka. Onetsetsani kuti khosi la mizu likhalabe pamtunda wa 2-3 masentimita .. Ngati ndi kotheka, onjezani dothi mutathirira ndi mulch ndi danga laling'ono la mulch (peat kapena humus, utuchi). Ngati munagula mbande yamoyo, kubzala kunachitidwa moyenera, pakatha masabata awiri 2-3 munda wanu udzakhala wobiriwira ndi masamba oyamba.

Mitengo ya Apple pa trellis. © starkbros

Momwe mungadziwire khosi mizu

1. Mukamera mmera wachichepere, pukuta pansi pa thunthu ndi chiyambi cha muzu ndi chisa chonyowa. Khosi la muzu limafotokozedwa ngati kusintha kwa mtundu wa mtengo wobiriwira (thunthu) kuyeretsa bulauni (mizu).
2. Mu mbande za achikulire okalamba (wazaka 3-4), timapukusa gawo laling'onolo ndi chovala chonyowa ndikumayimitsa malo onyowa, ndikumatula makungwawo ndi mpeni pamalo omwe pakuwoneka bwino kuti thunthuwo latha. Ngati mtundu wokutidwa waung'ono wa subcortical wosanjikiza ndiwobiriwira pamalo okukula, ndiye kuti tsinde, ndipo ngati ndi wachikasu, ndiye kuti mizu yake. Malo osinthira mtundu wina kupita mzake ndi khosi mizu.
3. Mu mbande zina, malo omwe achokera pamtengo wa mizu yapamwamba amawoneka bwino. Uyu ndi khosi mizu. Zomwe mizu imayenera kukhalira pamwamba pa mulingo wa dzenje.

Zomwe sizingachitike pobzala mbande

• Mukabzala, simungagwiritse ntchito manyowa owola pang'ono, koma humus wothira dothi.
• Simungathe kuthirira mbande zazing'ono ngati madzi. Amangokhetsa dothi mu dzenje lobzala.
• Simungathiritse mbande ndi madzi ozizira (kuchokera kwa mmisiri).
• Ndikosatheka kuphatikiza manyowa, makamaka feteleza wa nayitrogeni, chaka choyamba mutabzala.
• Mutabzala, sizingatheke kuyimitsa bwalo lozungulira ndi mulch yayikulu. Pakacitika mvula yambiri, madzi omwe amaphatikizidwa mu mulch apangitsa kuti khungwa laling'ono liume ndi kuti chomera chife. Wotetemera mulch imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa, yomwe imateteza nthaka kuti isazizidwe komanso kufa kwa mbande ku kutentha kochepa.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita mukabzala mbande

• Yeretsani mbande zazing'ono ndi yankho la choko ndi dongo ndikuphatikizira kwachilengedwe kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizirombo kapena yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate.
• Ikani thunthu ndi zigawo zingapo za burlap, lutrasil, spandbond, mapepala ndi zinthu zina.
• Kuteteza thunthu kuchokera ku akalulu ndi makoswe ena ndi ukonde kapena khomalo, kukumba chomaliza m'nthaka ndi 5-10 cm.
• Pambuyo pa chipale chofewa chokwanira chilichonse, pitanizani matalala kuzungulira thunthu, lomwe litetezeni kuti lisawonongeke ndi mbewa.