Cleome, kapena Cleome, ndi mbewu yamaluwa ya banja la Cleom. Zomerazi zimakhala pachaka kapena ziwiri. Mwachilengedwe, imapezeka pakona iliyonse ya Dziko Lapansi, kumadera omwe kumakhala kotentha komanso kotentha. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 70. Ma inflorescence ku Cleoma ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, chifukwa chake anthu aku Germany amachitcha "spinenpflanze", chomwe chimamasulira "chomera cha akangaude." Ma inflorescence a mizu siachilendo kwenikweni, amatha kufananizidwa ndi kuphulika kwa champagne kapena kuphulika. Maluwa oterewa sangasangalatse ena, koma ndizosatheka kungowasiya osakhudzidwa. Chaka chilichonse, chikhalidwe chamaluwa choterechi chimakopa chidwi cha wamaluwa, chifukwa chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi inflorescence ndi fungo losazolowereka, ndipo maluwa ake ndiwatali, amawonedwa kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembala.
Zolemba za Cleoma
Cleoma ali ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri. Mphukira zolimba, pamtunda pawo pali kupindika, kokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kufika mpaka masentimita 150. Masamba obiriwira omwe amapangidwa nthawi zonse m'mitundu ina amakhala ndi timing'alu ting'onoting'ono pamalo olakwika. Masamba amatha kukhala osavuta kapena ovuta: amakhala ndi masamba asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri otambalala. Masamba apical masamba ndi ochepa komanso olimba. Ma apical racemose inflorescence amapanga maluwa omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera komanso ofiirira, apinki, oyera kapena achikaso. Maluwa ali ndi ma stamens aatali omwe amawoneka ngati miyendo ya kangaude. Chipatsocho ndi polysperm yokhala ndi chisa chimodzi chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a nyemba, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 30 mm. Ambiri olima m'maluwa samakonda kununkhira kwa maluwa a Cleome, koma m'munda womwe uli mumsewu ndizosatheka kumva, koma amatha kuwopsya tizirombo. Fungo lodabwitsali limafunikira maluwa oterowo kuti akope mileme yaying'ono, yomwe ndi ma pollin, kuthengo.
Kukula Cleome kuchokera Mbewu
Kubzala Cleome
Pakupanga mphesa, mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zithafesedwa mwachindunji panthaka yozizira (mu Novembala kapena Disembala) kapena masika. Komabe, odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kulima mbewu yotere kudzera mbande.
Kodi muyenera kubzala liti mbeu za mbande? Zomera zotere zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yophukira. Ngati m'dzinja mukufuna kusonkha mbewu zokhwima, ndiye kuti kufesa mbande kuyenera kuchitidwa m'masiku omaliza a February. Kuti mbande ziziwoneka mwachangu, kufesa mbewu musanalowe mu njira ya Epin kapena Zircon kwa theka la tsiku (maola 12) (madontho awiri amafuta amatengedwa ndi 250 ml ya madzi otentha owira). Pobzala, simenti yakuya kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi humus, chisakanizo cha dimba ndi mchenga, amatengedwa mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 2: 1. Mbewu zimagawidwa pamtunda, ndipo pamwamba pake ndikofunikira kuwaza ndi chosanjikiza cha dothi lomweli, makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 15 mm. Chotetezacho chikuyenera kuvekedwa ndi galasi pamwamba.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Mbewu zoyambirira zimayenera kuonekera patatha masiku 15-20. Izi zikachitika, chidebecho chimayenera kukonzedwanso m'malo abwino kwambiri, ndipo mphukira zifunika kuwunikira kowonjezereka madzulo. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kosowa kwambiri, koma ochulukirapo. Nthawi yomweyo, kumbukirani kuti pakati kuthirira gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yowuma. Zolinga za prophylactic kuchokera ku mizu, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa 1 nthawi yochepa yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Mbale yoyamba ikatha kupanga masamba, mbande zidzafunika kupukutika pogwiritsa ntchito makapu a peat-humus pamenepa. Poika mbewu, mbande zimayikidwa mu gawo lapansi mpaka loboti ya cotyledon. Pamafunika theka la mwezi pambuyo pa zokolola, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa chomera, chifukwa ntchito feteleza wosakanikirana, yemwe akuyenera kukhala ndende zochepa. Zitatha izi, mbande zimafunikira kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi 2 pamwezi. Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa mmera wamagawo amodzi, mphamvu zomwe zimakula ziyenera kuzunguliridwa mwadongosolo mogwirizana ndi gwero lounikira.
Kubzala Cleoma poyera
Nthawi yobzala
Pambuyo poti chiwopsezo chobwerera chisanu chikutha, mutha kuyamba kuthira mbande zabwino m'dothi lotseguka. Monga lamulo, nthawi ino igwera pamasiku omaliza a Meyi kapena woyamba - pa June. Pakufikira, muyenera kusankha malo abwino. Mtengowo sugwera pansi, komabe, pamtunda wopanda michere wokhala ndi chinyezi chabwino, duwa limakula bwino kuposa malo omwe amakhala ndi dothi louma. Ngati dothi patsambalo litatha, ndiye musanadzalemo guluu, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera supuni ziwiri zikuluzikulu za feteleza wamaluwa m'malowo kuti mukumbire, komanso ndowa imodzi ya kompositi yoyola pa 1 mita2.
Zowongolera
Kuti pobereka, mbande mwachangu ndikuzika bwino m'malo atsopano, ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la epinator yowonjezera ndi micronutrient cytovitis (muyenera kutsatira malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa). Kubzala mbande panthaka yofunikira, ndikofunikira kuti musachotse m'miphika, pomwe mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kusungidwa kutalika kwa 0,5 mpaka 0,7 m. Kubzala glue kotereku kumatha kupewa kukokoloka kwa maluwa, maluwa atha kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, pomwe maluwa Zidzakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso zopatsa chidwi. Zomera zobzalidwa ziyenera kuthiriridwa pansi pa muzu ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera izi.
Chisamaliro
Kukula guluu m'munda mwanu ndikosavuta. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika kokha nthawi yotentha, pomwe sikuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi, koma kukhala ochulukirapo. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kawiri pamwezi pansi pa muzu ndipo chifukwa cha izi amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza a Fertika-Lux kapena Fertika-Combi mtundu (ma spons akulu akulu amatengedwa ndowa 1). Ngati chitsamba chafowoka kapena kudwala matendawa, chimayenera kudyetsedwa mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito michere yokhala ndi 3 l madzi ndi supuni 1 yaying'ono ya feteleza. Kuti mudziwe poyambira maluwa, mapangidwe asanayambike, tchire liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la Zircon (1 milligram pa madzi okwanira 1 litre).
Ngati mutabzala pamwamba pa tsambalo osakutidwa ndi mulch, muyenera kumasula dothi pansi, ndikuchotsa udzu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Popeza maluwa a Cleoma ali ndi fungo lomwe si lachilendo kwenikweni kwa maluwa, tizirombo timayesa kulilambalala. Amatha kudwala ngati boma la ulimi wothirira sili lolondola kapena likafika pamalopo pali madzi ambiri okhala pansi. Ngati mungasankhe malo oti mufikire ndikuusamalira bwino mbewuyo, sizingavulaze konse.
Cleoma atatha maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Popeza guluu umatha kulimidwa kokha kuchokera ku mbewu, akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti azisonkhanitsa nthawi yophukira kuti adzafese mu kasupe kapena nthawi yozizira. Ndikotheka kumvetsetsa nthangala zokhwima kapena osati mawonekedwe awo, chifukwa chake ziyenera kukhala zozungulira, kufikira mamilimita ndi theka kudutsa, mtundu kutengera ndi duwa lokha lomwe limatha kukhala la bulauni kapena lachikasu. Kuti tipewe kudzilimbitsa tokha komanso kuti tisaphonye nthawi yomwe mbewuzo zisonkhanitsidwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuvala matumba opangidwa ndi gauze pamagodi angapo.
Zisanu
Pakati patali, maluwa oterewa amakula ngati chomera cha pachaka. Pankhaniyi, kuzizira kumachitika, tchire ziyenera kutulutsidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Mu Novembala kapena Disembala, mbewu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'dzinja zimabzalidwa nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa munthaka ndi 15 mm basi, pamwamba pamalowo ndimakutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce. Kutentha, pobisalira amayenera kuchotsedwa ndipo posachedwa mphukira zimawoneka zochezeka.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Cleoma
Pakadali pano, alimi amalima mitundu iwiri yokha ya mphesa, zomwe ndi: Hassler cleome (Cleome Hassleriana) ndi prickly cleoma (Cleome Spinosa). Mitundu yonse iwiriyi ndi yotentha ku South America. Amasiyana wina ndi mzake mu utoto wa maluwa, pokhudzana ndi izi, olima maluwa amatanthauza mitundu iyi mwanjira yomweyo - prickly cleoma. Chifukwa cha mitundu iyi, hybrids zingapo ndi mitundu inabadwa. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri:
- Hellen campell. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi oyera.
- Rosenakenig. Maluwa ali penti wapinki.
- Mfumukazi ya pinki ndi mfumukazi ya rose. Maluwa amapaka utoto osiyanasiyana wapinki.
- Woyaka wagolide. Maluwa achikasu amatseguka pachitsamba chopanda kanthu.
- Giant Pink Chiusen. Maluwa akuda a pinki ndi akulu kukula.
- Sparkler lavender. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi utoto wotuwa.
- Mfumukazi ya Violet. Maluwa amapaka utoto wa inki wa violet.
Wodziwika kwambiri ndi gulu la cleomera la prickly Cherry Queen. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,6 m.Maluwa onunkhira modutsa ndi ofanana 20-30 mm, ali ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka ndipo amakhala pamiyala yayitali. Mtundu wa Champagne Spray, wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa Hassler Cleom, umalilidwanso. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa 1.2 m.Maluwa a inflemose inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa ofiira kapena oyera, ofika 30-40 mm kudutsira. Dongosolo la burashi limakhala pafupifupi 20cm. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi, ndipo amatha ndikuyamba kwa chisanu.
Glue imamera ngati chomera chimodzi kapena m'magulu omwe ali ndi zomera zapachaka monga fodya onunkhira kapena lavori. Popeza cleoma ndi wokwera kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga linga kapena kukula ngati kama wamaluwa wamaluwa.
