Nkhuku zazikulu, zomwe zimakula mwachangu mu nthawi imodzi zimatha kupatsa mabanja nyama yathanzi yowoneka bwino, ndipo nkhuku za mazira ndi nyama zimabwezeretsanso zakudya za obereketsa nkhuku ndi dzira latsopano. Mitundu yamakono ya nkhuku zanyama ndi mayendedwe a dzira ikukopa chidwi cha eni malo awo. Mbalame zamtunduwu ndi zamphamvu, zowuma, zolimba komanso zosavuta kuzisamalira mu nkhuku zanyengo yotentha.
Maonekedwe a nkhuku zodyetsedwa nyama ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, mafupa olimba ndi mawonekedwe oyenera. Mwa kuyikira mazira, Mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku zodziwika konseko, dzira la dzira la nyama imakhala yotsika poyerekeza ndi kuyikira nkhuku zamtundu wa mazira, ndipo nkhuku za nyama ndizabwino nkhuku. Kuti achulukitse zokolola, alimi a nkhuku akugwiritsa ntchito mitanda masiku ano - ana osakanizidwa ochokera ku mitundu yodziwika yomwe imatenga zizindikilo zabwinoko kuchokera kwa makolo onse awiri.
Mwachitsanzo, kuti mupeze nkhuku zambiri za broiler, oimira odziwika ndi okondedwa ku Russia agalu oyera a Plymouthrock ndi Cornish a malangizo a nyama adagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kulima nkhuku
Mtundu wa nyama yankhuku kapena nkhuku ndi yachikale, yowetedwa nkhuku zingapo za m'ma 1800, mkati mwa zaka zapitazi zimadziwika osati ku UK kokha, koma padziko lonse lapansi. Mbalamezi zidatchuka chifukwa chokhoza kupereka mitanda yabwino ya nyama.
Masiku ano, nkhuku zoyera ngati tirigu zimaleredwa chifukwa cha mafakitale. Ngati tizingolankhula za kugwiritsa ntchito mbalame m'nyumba zambiri, ndiye kuti ali m'mawa kwambiri, koma, monga mitundu yonse ya nyama, amatulutsa mazira ochepa.
Kuchokera kwa akazi oyera oyera kamodzi pachaka, mutha kupeza mazira 100 - 130 otuwa. Mbalame yokongola imabweretsa dzira ndi chipolopolo chofiirira kapena chamawangamawanga.
Nkhuku za Plymouthrock
Mbalame yaku America yaku Plymouthrock yoyamba kudziwika mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 1900. Oimira mitundu ya Brama, Langshan, Kokhinkhiny ndi ena, mitundu yodziwika bwino, adayamba kuyambitsa nkhuku zamakono za ng'ombe.
Mpaka pano, nkhuku za Plymouthrock zitha kukhala ndi imodzi mw mitundu isanu ndi itatu yovomerezeka. White stock nthawi zambiri imaberekera ntchito molimbika, ndipo oimira owoneka bwino a nyamayi mosiyanasiyana amakhala m'mabwalo a anthu. Kutchuka kwa mtundu wakale wakale kumasungidwa chifukwa cha kudzichucha kwa mbalamezo, momwe zimakonda nyama ndikulimba msanga. Patha miyezi iwiri yokha, nkhuku zochokera ku nkhuku za Plymouthrock ndi Mitundu ya Cornish zimatha kukula mpaka 1.8 kg.
Tambala tating'ono timalemera mpaka 4.5 kg, ndi nkhuku pafupifupi 3.5 kg. Kwa chaka chimodzi, kuyala nkhuku kumapereka mazira akuluakulu pafupifupi bulauni 170.
Nkhuku zophika
Nkhuku zodziwika bwino zaulimi si mtundu wa nyama, monga alimi ambiri amamba nkhuku amaganiza. Mitanda iyi ndi ana ochokera kwa mbalame zophatikizana za mbalame za Plymouthrock ndi Cornish. Nthawi zina Mitundu yina ya nyama imabweretsedwanso mu pulogalamu yopeza nkhuku yowiritsa, mwachitsanzo, Jubilee Kuchinsky, Brahma kapena Kokhinhin. Nkhuku zotere zimawonetsa momwe nyama zimagwirira ntchito, koma osagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimabereka kwa ana, chifukwa chake zimangosungidwa pokhapokha kuti ziwonjezeke pamsika ndikuphedwa.
Nkhuku za Brahma
Kupeza mtundu wa nyama ya nkhuku ya Brahma inayamba pakati pa zaka zana zapitazo. Mbalame zaku America zidawetedwa pamaziko a nkhuku zaku Asia zomwe zimamenya, Cikhinhin ndi mitundu ina. Mbalame yayikulu kwambiri idakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri kuti m'zaka khumi ndi zinayi idaphunzira ku Old World. Mpaka pano, nkhuku za mtunduwu ndizodziwika kwambiri m'mabizinesi akuluakulu komanso pakati pa alimi.
Mitundu ingapo ya nkhuku za Brahma imaleredwa mdziko lapansi, chithunzichi chikuwonetsa bwino mitundu ya mbalamezi, komanso mawonekedwe achilendo mu mtunduwu ndikuzindikira komwe akupita ngati nyama yokongoletsera.
Malinga ndi miyambo yamakono, tawuni ya Bramah imatha kulemera makilogalamu 5, ndipo nkhuku pafupifupi 4.5 kg. Akazi ndi nkhuku zabwino za amayi, ndipo choposa chaka amatha kubereka mazira pafupifupi bulauni okwanira magalamu 60.
Mitundu ya nkhuku yoyenera kukometsera famu yaboma mwachangu imazolowera kukhala mndende nthawi zonse, sikuti yachangu ndipo imalekerera nyengo yachisanu. Mbalameyi sifunikira malo akuluakulu oyenda, siziuluka komanso imalumikizana ndi mitundu ina ya nkhuku, komanso mitundu ina ya ziweto zapakhomo.
Achinyamata a Cochinha
Mitundu ya nkhuku zaku China ku Russia idayamba kutchuka posachedwa, koma mkati mwa zaka zana zapitazo, idatha kutumiza dziko lapansi pakati pa Great Britain ndi Ufumu wa Kumwamba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kowoneka bwino komanso kukula kwake kwakukulu, mbalamezo sizinachite bwino pakati pa anthu wamba komanso akatswiri odziwa zanyumba, komanso eni malo a kumatanthwe, komwe nkhuku za Kokhinkhina zidakulidwa ngati zokongoletsera.
Oimira nyamayi amadyera msanga komanso mwachangu. Roosters amakula mpaka 6 makilogalamu, nkhuku angapo ma kilogalamu mopepuka. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalameyo imathamangira bwino, ndikupereka mazira 120 okhala ndi chipolopolo chofiirira komanso yolk yowala pachaka.
Ngati poyamba nkhuku za Kokhinkhin zidakhala zakuda komanso zamtambo, masiku ano mbalame zoyera ndi zokongola zimaleredwa m'mafamu. Anapiye a nyama kapena mtundu wa nyama ya dzira ndiwosankha, wodekha, ndikugwirizana ndi mbalame ina. Komabe, alimi a nkhuku amafunika kuwonetsetsa kuti ziweto zawo sizikudya mopitirira muyeso, apo ayi akumana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Hens Kuchinsky Chiwonetsero
Pofuna kuweta nkhuku zoberekera, obereketsa a Mchinsky Jubilee amagwiritsa ntchito oyimira mitundu yabwino kwambiri yopanga dzira ndi dzira. Zotsatira zake zinali mbalame yopanga mazira abwino komanso nyama yabwino. Zowononga nkhuku zodziwika bwino zasanduka milungu ya eni minda ing'onoing'ono komanso minda yomwe imakulitsa nkhuku kuti izisamalira paokha. Kwa chaka chimodzi, nkhuku zogonera za Kuchin zimapereka mazira 240, ndipo anthu akuluakulu amakula mpaka 3-4 makilogalamu amalemu amoyo.
Nthawi yomweyo, mtundu wa nyama kuchokera ku mtundu wa Kuchinskaya Yubileynaya ndi wabwino kuposa nkhuku zouma khola zolimbikira. Mbalameyi ndi yopanda chidwi, imalekerera kutentha komanso kuzizira nthawi yozizira, siyosankhidwa posankha zakudya ndipo ndiyambilira.
Chizindikiro cha mtundu wa nkhuku ndi kusiyana kwa mitundu yaimuna ndi yaikazi, kotero mutha kugawa khosalo ngakhale muli ndi zaka 24 zakubadwa.
Nkhuku Zang'ono-Zowerengeka Zofiira
Mwa mitundu ya nkhuku za nyama ndi nyama yankhuku yopanga mazira pali zonse zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Olera omwe adalandira nkhuku zofiirira zoyera ku UK adagwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe achilengedwe, zomwe zimawonetsedwa chifukwa chakuti miyendo ya mbalamezo inali yifupi kwambiri kuposa makolo awo. Nkhuku zodya nyama ndi dzira sizidutsa makilogalamu 1.7 ndipo zimatulutsa mazira 150 a bulauni chaka chilichonse.
Nkhuku zazing'ono zam'madzi ndizodziwika kwambiri ku Europe. Amadya zakudya zochepa, zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wa zonse za nyama ndi mazira, komanso wopanda ulemu komanso wosavuta kusunga. Masiku ano, kuwonjezera pa utoto wofiirira, mutha kuona mbalame zovekedwa ndi nthenga zoyera, zofiirira zakuda, zakuda, zokhala ndi mtundu wa calico komanso wonyezimira.
Mkati mwa obereketsa, nkhuku zazing'ono zam'madzi sizimasungidwa, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza mitanda yomwe ikula mwachangu yomwe imasunga zizolowezi za makolo. Amadya pang'ono komanso amayamba kulemera.
Chicken Faverol
Mtundu wa nkhuku wa Faverolles wafalikira ku France kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka zana zapitazi. Mbalameyi idatchuka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akale komanso mtundu wodabwitsa wa nyama. Makhalidwe abwino a nkhuku amayamikiridwabe. Mitundu yankhuku ndi mtundu wa mazira amakula pamlingo wokondweretsa, kufikira makilogalamu atatu a kulemera kwa moyo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo perekani mazira a bulauni okwanira magalamu 60 osachepera 60 magalamu.
Ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu, nkhuku za Faverol zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mafupa ochepa thupi. Amasinthasintha mwachangu kusintha kwa kutentha kwa nyengo, amakhala odekha, koma amatha mafuta ochulukirapo.
Chikuku Maran
French nkhuku ya mazira a ku France a Maran sadziwika bwino ndi alimi a nkhuku ku Russia, ndipo ku Europe mbalamezi ndizotchuka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo, mitundu yodabwitsa ya mitundu yambiri, mazira owoneka ngati chokoleti komanso nyama yabwino.
Mbalame zachikulire ndizokwanira zokwanira. Tambala amatha kulemera mpaka 4, ndi nkhuku mpaka ma kilogalamu atatu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyala nkhuku kumapereka kwa gome mpaka 150 kwambiri, kulemera kwa mazira 80 a mazira pachaka. Kusiyanitsa kwa mtundu wa nkhuku ndi mtundu wawo. Miyezo yamtunduwu imapereka kuti mbalame zitha kukhala ndi zoyera, zakuda, tirigu, cockoo kapena motley, komanso manambala agolide a cockoo.
Chidwi cha nkhuku
Mbalame zasiliva zokongola zokhala ndi dzira labwino ndi nyama zidayang'aniridwa kumwera kwa Russia. Mtundu wa Adler wa nkhuku umakhala ndi siliva wa ku Colombia ndipo umayamba kuthamanga kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kwa chaka chimodzi, kuyala nkhuku kumapereka mazira a kirimu 170 mpaka 200. Nkhuku zodyetsedwa nyama, zachidziwikire, ndizochepa kuposa chikhalidwe cha nyama za nkhuku, komanso zolemetsa. Tambala amakula mpaka 4 makilogalamu, ndipo nkhuku imakula kufika pa 2.8 kg yakulemera moyo.
Kupanga mazira moyenera pakugoneka nkhuku za Adler mtundu wa nkhuku kumakhalidwa zaka 3-4, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asasinthe gulu kuti lisonkhanitse mazira ambiri azakudya chaka chilichonse.
Nkhuku zankhuku
Nkhuku za nkhuku ya Black-motley Pushkin osati kale kwambiri idalandira mtundu wa kubereka, koma idalandira kale ulemu wowona mtima kuchokera kwa alimi a nkhuku. Ena amatcha mbalame zamtunduwu ndi mazira kuti ndizabwino kwambiri minda. Ndipo pali chifukwa chilichonse choganizira izi. Choyamba, nkhuku za mtunduwu ndi mazira zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira, komanso kufulumizirana mwachangu kwa wina aliyense, ngakhale mikhalidwe yoopsa kwambiri.
Amakhala odzikweza, amapeza chakudya chabwino pamatumba awo, akakhwima mwachangu ndikuwonekeranso kumbuyo kwa opanga mazira opanga mazira ambiri.
Roosters akulemera mpaka 3 kg, nkhuku pa kilogalamu imodzi yopepuka. Kwa chaka chimodzi, nkhuku yoyala ikhoza kubweretsa mazira 220 ndi kirimu wowala kapena chipolopolo choyera. Amitundu ambiri a mtunduwu amadziwika chifukwa chakuti ndi zolemera zochepa amakhala ndi nyama yabwino.
Chikuku Amrox
Mitundu yakale yaku America ya nkhuku Amrox imakhala ndi mtundu wa "cuckoo", ndipo malingana ndi muyezo, nthenga iliyonse imayenera kutha ndi mzere wakuda. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakuda pamanambala, zazikazi zimawoneka zakuda kuposa zazimuna.
Atawonekera ku Europe, nkhuku zotsogola ndi dzira zidakhazikika ngati nkhuku zabwino, zopatsa mazira 220 pachaka, komanso mbalame zabwino. Tambala tambala wamkulu amakula mpaka 4.5 kg; nkhuku pa kilogalamu imodzi ndizopepuka. Nkhuku za Amrox zimatha kukhala odekha, zizolowera zizolowezi zatsopano ndikukula bwino.
Hens Holosheyny
Mitundu yakale yochokera ku Romania poyamba inkatchedwa Transylvanian Golosheynoy. Koma atatha kukonza kulowetsedwa kwa magazi atsopano, chizindikiritso cha komwe chidachokera, zizindikiridwe zamchiberekero zidafalikira padziko lonse lapansi.
Dzina la mbalameyo lidabwera chifukwa chosakhalapo pakhosi pazinthu zina. Pa thupi lonse, nthenga zimakulanso chimodzimodzi, ndipo mbali zina za thupi zimawululidwa, monga khosi la mbalame. Ndi mawonekedwe apachirengedwe otere, nkhuku za nkhuku ndimtundu wa nyama ndi dzira zomwe zimapereka mazira pafupifupi 150-180 pachaka ndipo zimakula mpaka 3.5 makilogalamu.
Nkhuku zakuda zaku Moscow
Mtundu wakuda wa nkhuku zakunyumba za ku Moscow ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi nyama ndipo zimakondwera ndi chikondi chomwe eni ake ali ndi minda yaying'ono komanso ziwembu zapakhomo. Makhalidwe a mtunduwo ndi monga chosasamala posankha chakudya, kuthekera kosunga ngakhale zigawo zomwe zili ndi nyengo yovuta, kukana matenda wamba a nkhuku, komanso nyama yabwino ndi dzira.
Pafupifupi miyezi inayi, nkhuku zakuda ku Moscow zimayamba kuwaswa ndipo pachaka zimapereka mazira 250 ofiira kapena otentha. Kupanga mazira kumasungidwa nthawi yozizira.
Matambala akuluakulu ndi nkhuku sizodyetsa bwino ngati abale awo, koma kwa nkhuku zimawonetsa zizindikilo zabwino. Kulemera kwa tambala kumasiyira 3.5 kg, nkhuku 2.5 kg.
