Zomera zili ngati anthu. Akakhala athanzi amasangalatsa ena, koma matenda akangofika kwa iwo, zonse zimatsika. Matendawa amatenga njira zosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimakhalapo ndizosasamalidwa bwino pabedi la maluwa. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu ya wobzala ndikukhazikitsa malo oyenera okulira. Kenako ntchito zake zimatsikira kuti zizindikire zoyamba zowopsa. Pambuyo pake amayamba ntchito yayikulu yochotsa ukapolo wa tizilombo.
Asanatumize toyimiririka padera, ndikofunikira kuchita njira yapadera yodzutsira ndi kumera. Kusiyapo pyenepi, nyakulima asadikhira masamba akulu m'munda.
Nthawi yomweyo, mlimi ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kayendetsedwe ka kutentha, kuthilira ndi kudyetsa, chinyezi cha mpweya komanso kupezeka kwa dzuwa. Komabe, zochitika zovuta ngati izi sizipereka chitsimikizo cha maluwa obiriwira. Pamwamba pa izi, masamba amatha kuyamba kupukuta. Ndichite chiyani tsopano?
Zowopsa Zimayambitsa Matenda
Chomera chamtunduwu chimakhudzidwa ndi mavairasi, majeremusi ndi mabakiteriya. Komabe, izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchotsa ndikuwotcha mbali zakusakwazo. Mukuwunikaku, mitundu iwiri yamatenda odziwika aperekedwa.
Mavairasi oyipa
Chimodzi mwa izo ndi nkhaka zamatsenga. Anzake pofalitsa kachilombo ka ma virus ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Tizilombo timakopeka ndi nthenga zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi toyesa matenda. Kusamukira kumera yathanzi, amanyamula ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda komwe kamakhala ngati mafayilo osalala. Mutha kuthana nawo munjira zotsatirazi:
- chotsani nsabwe za m'masamba / mphutsi pamakina kapena ndi sopo yankho, ngati mwadzidzidzi - muli ndi mankhwala;
- kudula masamba okhudzidwa;
- yeretsani bedi la namsongole, makamaka m'munda waminda waminda;
- kuchita njira zodzitetezera.
Kusambitsa masamba ndi sopo njira kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Madzi ukalowa pansi, mizu yake imalandira kuwotcha koopsa.
Zinthu zomalizirazi zimaphatikizaponso kuyendera kubzala ndi kupewetsa zida za m'munda. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mbewu za ma virus ndizomera zomwe zimalimidwa:
- zinnias
- gladiolus;
- phlox;
- dahlias.
Chifukwa china chomwe chimapangitsa masamba a canna kuyimapo ndi kouma kwambiri komanso kusowa chinyezi. Ngati dothi ndilopindika kwambiri, osati lotayirira, ndiye kuti duwa liyenera kumuika kumalo ena.
Komabe, zizindikirazi siziyenera kusokonezeka ndi mitundu ya zipatso. Imadziwoneka ngati madontho akuda, omwe pambuyo pake amakula mpaka kukhala milozo ya bulauni komanso malo owopsa. Matenda a canna opanda nzeru awa amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukuru, komanso kuchepa kwa kukula kwa chikhalidwe. Gawo lowonongeka limadulidwa ndi malire abwino.
Kuchera zipatso zing'onozing'ono kupita koloni, gawo limodzi lokha
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana azikhalidwe. Zachisoni, matenda oyamba ndi fungus sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Njira yabwino yothanirana nawo ndikuletsa kuti asawonekere.
Akatswiri a zaulimi amalimbikitsa kukumba mabedi nthawi yachisanu komanso kutola namsongole amene amafalitsa mavuvu. Pambuyo pake zinyalala zimawotchedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, manyowa obiriwira ayenera kufesedwa - mpiru woyera kapena lupine.
Kuwombera kwakukulu kuyenera kuyembekezeredwa kuchokera ku fungus ya dzimbiri. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi masamba amaso ndi zokutira zofiirira zomwe zimafanana ndi dzimbiri. Zotsatira zake, chitsamba chimauma kwathunthu ndi kutaya masamba. Simungachedwe mu izi:
- Gawo loyamba ndikudula masamba omwe akhudzidwa.
- Chithandizo chambiri m'derali ndi njira yothetsera ya potaziyamu permanganate. Pa ndowa yamadzimadzi mpaka 4-5 g wa ufa.
- Bwerezani izi pambuyo masiku angapo.
Masamba achikasu ndi njira zoyambirira za kukhalapo kwa mafangayi. Muyenera kudziwa kuti matendawa amakula ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, komanso kusayenda kwamadzi, makamaka pafupi ndi khosi loyambira.
Popewa kuthirira kwamadzi padziko lapansi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsata ukadaulo woyambira wothirira. Pakakhala mvula kapena kuthirira, kama kamaumasulidwa bwino, womwe umathandiza kuti chinyezi chizilowa pansi.
Chovunda chowopsa
Ngozi yachiwiri ya canne ikuwopseza kuchokera ku imvi zowola. Mikhalidwe yabwino pakukula kwa bowa wa botritis ndikuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi kuphatikiza ndi kutsika kwa kutentha. Mawonetsedwe oyamba amtundu wa chikwangwani cha imvi amawona pamitu, maluwa ndi masamba. Popita nthawi, zigawozi zimafewetsedwa komanso zimadetsedwa. Koma nsonga zamasamba zimayamba kuluka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha. Ndikotheka kupewa kukula kwa fungal spores ngati:
- kuwongolera zinthu za nayitrogeni m'nthaka (kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhalidwe chikhale chitha kutenga matenda);
- kutola namsongole wachinyamata;
- khazikitsani kumizu;
- mukamatera, onani mtunda womwe mukufuna, popewa kukula;
- kupanga feteleza pa nthawi yake, kutsatira malangizo omwe akufuna.
Kuthira mbande zapadera, muthanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo chomera. Mukamayikidwa / kupangira mphukira, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewuzo ndikumakulitsa kapena makonzedwe achitetezo.
Ndipo palibe maluwa
M'madera akumwera sizovuta kubzala maluwa okongola. Komabe, ngakhale m'malo oterewa, ambiri amasokonezeka chifukwa chomwe zingwe sizimasamba. Zomwe zimachitika ndizovuta nyengo, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana naye. Zomwe mlimiyo angachite ndikupatsa mbewu chisamaliro chabwino:
- Adabzala m'malo dzuwa, makamaka popanda kukonzekera. Malo amdima amasokoneza chikhalidwe.
- Lowetsani manyowa kapena manyowa mu dzenje lobzala. Nthawi yakula, idyani udzu wamphesa kapena potaziyamu wa phosphorous.
- Nthaka imanyamuliratu mosakakamiza osati mwamphamvu. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo koposa zonse, muyenera kukhala osinthasintha.
- Khalani ndi kupewa kupewa tizirombo, chifukwa toyesa toyesa matenda sichimasamba.
Kutsatira miyezo yothirira, kusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuyika patsogolo. Kuphatikiza apo, maluwa sangathe kuyembekezera popanda njira yodzutsira ndi kumera kwamtsogolo. Ngati mudzala chikhalidwe nthawi yomweyo pabedi lamaluwa, ndiye kuti, kupatula masamba obiriwira, sipadzakhalanso china.
Monga mukuwonera, matenda a Cannes ndi owopsa komanso osiyanasiyana, koma sangatchedwe kuti sangathe. Njira yoyenera yothandizira bizinesi, komanso diso lolimba la wofufuzayo zithandizira wosamalira mundawo kuzindikira kuopsa koyambira koyambirira.
