Azungu adadziwana ndi ma lilacs m'zaka za zana la 16, ndipo ku Russia adawonekera kokha theka lachiwiri la m'ma 1800. Koma ma lilacs "adasesa moyo wonse" (N. Zabolotsky) wa ku Russia, mwachangu adakhala banja m'minda yathu ndi m'mapaki. Ndipo aliyense wolima dimba waku Russia angavomereze ndi mawu a N. Rylenkov: "Koma ngakhale lilac itimasulira bwanji, tikuyembekezera bloom yatsopano ngati mphatso."
Munkhaniyi tikambirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lilacs - tchulani mitundu ya lilacs - omwe ndi osowa komanso wamba masiku ano. Muthanso kulandira malingaliro pakubzala ndi kukulitsa ma lilac, kudulira ma lilac m'munda, kudziwa kuti ndi lilacs pachimake, komanso, amasilira zithunzi zokongola za lilacs.
Lilac m'munda
Lilac amagulitsidwa muzu ndipo adamezetsa. Muzu mutha kulipeza mwaukadaulo ndikukula mu vitro (njira ya microclonal). Ndikofunika kugula mbande zomwe zimakula bwino zomwe zimayalitsidwa kale (mwanjira yamaluwa). Ndi kufalikira kwa microclonal, ngakhale akutsatsa ukadaulo uwu, kusintha masinthidwe a chromosomal, komanso kuwoneka kwa maselo a polyploid ndikotheka, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga chomera china kupatula mayi. Opanga sachita kafukufuku wamtunduwu kuti azitsatira mitundu yonse yazipatso, chifukwa pamenepo mitengo ya mbewu idzakwera kwambiri. Izi zimabweretsa chakuti mumagula "nkhumba". Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mitundu ina yambiri yopatuka nthawi yaying'ono imachitika nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wotchuka wa A. Kolesnikov "Kukongola kwa Moscow" nthawi zambiri umakhala mtundu wamba woyera.
Bzalani lilac ndiz. wamba, s. ChiHungary ndi privet. Ma lilacs atemera ali ndi zolakwika. Katemera wa ku Hungary lilacs sakhalitsa, popeza mitundu yambiri patatha zaka zingapo imakanidwa ndi scion. Vuto lina ndikuti mumangokhalira kulimbana ndi mphukira, apo ayi chitsa "chitha" ndi mitundu yolumikizidwa ndipo ma lilacs "adzabadwanso", monga ena alimi "oyenera" akutero. Pomaliza, chitsamba chija chimakhala ndi mphukira imodzi, ndiye kuti mbewuyo sikupangika ndipo nthawi yotalikirayo imakhala yifupi. Koma, kumbali ina, m'minda yaying'ono muli chomera chofanana.
Chitsamba cholumikizidwa pa shtamb chimakongoletsa kwambiri. Tsopano malo ena ogulitsa amapereka "maluwa" lilac, pamene mitundu ingapo imalumikizidwa nthawi imodzi. Koma ndizomveka kutemera maluwa amtundu umodzi kapena atatu omwe ali ndi utoto, apo ayi "mtengo" umawoneka ngati "chiwonetsero" cha lilacs.
Ma lilacs enieni ndi ma lilac omwe amalumikizidwa pa lilacs wamba ayenera kubzala popanda kukulitsa khosi mizu. Lilacs yolumikizidwa pa lilacs wamba imalimbikitsidwa kuti ibzalidwe pampanda wawung'ono, popeza amakhulupirira kuti lilacs wamba itulutsa pang'ono. Lilacs akalumikizidwa pa ma lilac a ku Hungary ndi privet amawabzala, ngati maluwa, ndikukulitsa malo a katemera ndi 7-10 cm. Katemera ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga kuti asatenthe. Kubzala kotero kumalimbikitsa kusamutsa lilacs kuzinthu zawo.
Kufotokozera kwa Lilac
Lilacs (Syringa) wa banja la Olive (Oleaceae) - zitsamba ndi mitengo yochepera, yokopa maluwa okongola. Kununkhira kwamutu kwa mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya lilacs kumangowonjezera kukongola m'matchire.
Monga tikuwonera pachithunzichi, lilac ili ndi inflorescences yovuta komanso yosavuta, yofewa, yokhala ndi masamba owongoka. Komabe, mutha kupeza mbewu zokhala ndi masamba osalidwa komanso masamba a mitengo ya cirrus. Mukugwa, sasintha mtundu, wobiriwira wotsalira mpaka atagwa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya lilac
M'minda yathu, s. wamba (S.vulgaris) ndi interspecific hybrids omwe amapezeka ndi kutenga nawo mbali, monga p. hyacinthaceae (S. x hyacinthiflora), p. Wachichaina (S. x chinensis) ndi s. Persian (S. x Persica), wosakanizidwa c. Afghan ndi. kudula bwino (S. alghanica x S. laciniata). Chinese lilac ndi. Persian ku Central Russia nthawi zambiri amawuma yozizira, ndipo nyengo yozizira imatha kuzizira.
Mpaka pano, mitundu yayikulu ya lilac idalembedwa, koma obereketsa akupitilizabe kutisangalatsa ndi zinthu zatsopano. Kupereka kwakukulu pakusankhidwa kwa maluwa a lilac kunapangidwa ndi abambo ndi mwana wa Lemoine, omwe mitundu yake idapangidwe monga maziko a chikhalidwe ichi. Mnzathu wakugwirizana A. Kolesnikov, yemwe mitundu yake idalandiridwa padziko lonse lapansi, achita kwambiri izi.
Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu, ndikuzigawa m'magulu 7: I - oyera, II - violet, III - bluish, IV - lilac, V - pinkish, VI - magenta (wofiirira), VII - wofiirira. Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yamtundu ndi maluwa, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a panicle inflorescence, maluwa onunkhira ndipo, zoona, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe amtchire. Chifukwa chake, wokonza dimba aliyense atha kupeza zinthu zomwe sizimusiya wopanda chidwi.
Chithunzi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lilac yofotokozera
Lilac "Andenken an Ludwig Spath" ("Andeken en Ludwig Shpet") Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pansi pa dzina la "Mukukumbukira Ludwig Shpet." Ma inflorescence ndi utoto wofiirira wakuda, maluwa ndi akulu, osavuta, onunkhira. Mabasi ndi amtali, owongoka. Chimodzi mwazida zodziwika bwino zamdima pakati wamaluwa.
Lilac "Aucubaefolia" ("Aucubafolia") - zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi masamba achilendo. Yang'anirani chithunzichi ndi ma lilac osiyanasiyana - tsamba lililonse limapaka utoto wachikasu ndi mikwingwirima, ofanana ndi masamba aku Japan aucuba. Limamasula ndi maluwa onunkhira akuluakulu ochokera kumaluwa owiriira amitundu iwiri. Mabasi mpaka 3 m kutalika.
Lilac zosiyanasiyana "Charles Joly" ("Charles Jolie") - inflorescences violet-wofiirira ndi chitumbuwa machulukitsidwe, okhala ndi maluwa awiriawiri. Tchire ndi lalitali.
Lilac zosiyanasiyana "Condorcet" (Condorcet) - utoto wofiirira-wamtundu wotseguka utamasulidwa m'maluwa akuluakulu awiri amitundu ya lilac. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri. Mabasi 2.5 m kutalika.
Lilac "Madame Lemoine" ("Madame Lemoine") - mtundu wosasinthika wazaka za m'ma 1800 V. Lemoine, akugonjetsabe mitengo yoyera ya chipale chofewa kuchokera kumaluwa onunkhira kawiri. Mabasi ndi owongoka, aatali.
Mitundu "Michel Buchner" ("Michelle Buchner") - maluwa a lilac-violet amatseguka kukhala maluwa onunkhira amtundu wa maluwa onunkhira a lilac. Ma inflorescence ndi wandiweyani. Mabasi ndi wandiweyani, kutalika kwapakatikati.
"Monique Lemoine" ("Monique Lemoine"). Monga vinyo pachithunzipa, iyi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lilac yokhala ndi mapiko oyera oyera oyera okhala ndi maluwa akulu, owirikiza pakati ndi maluwa osanjika. Mabasi ndi ofanana. Chimodzi mwazomaliza zaluso za Lemoines.
Lilac "Purezidenti Grevy" ("Purezidenti Grevy") - limamasula kwambiri. M'malo akulu akulu a inflorescence, maluwa osavuta komanso owirikiza kawiri a mtundu wa lilac buluu wokhala ndi buluu losiyana amasonkhanitsidwa. Mabasi ndi amtali. Zosiyanasiyana nthawi zina zimagulitsidwa molakwika pansi pa dzina la "Condorcet" ("Condorcet").
"Lil Way" Lilac ("Zowawa") - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapadera. Maluwa akuluakulu ofiira ofiira okhala ndi malire oyera amakhala ndi malire oyera oyera kumapeto kwa malembawo. Kuti tivomereze kusiyana kumeneku, tchire ziyenera kubzalidwa pafupi ndi njira kapena kudulira m'maluwa, kuchokera kutali kuti inflorescence imakhala wamba. Mabasi ndi amphamvu.
Lilac zosiyanasiyana "Hydrangea" (Gortenziya ") - maluwa akulu kuchokera ku maluwa osavuta a lilac-pinki amafanana ndi mantha a hydrangea inflorescence, omwe mitunduyo idatchedwa dzina. Mabasi ndi amphamvu.
Lilac "India" ("Indiya") chimakopa wofiirira-wofiirira ndi red tish inflorescence yamaluwa akuluakulu osavuta. Mabasi a kutalika kwapakatikati, mpaka 2,5 m.
Mndandanda wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lilac omwe ali ndi chithunzi sangathe kuthandizidwa ndi "Olimpiada Kolesnikova" wokongola mosiyanasiyana:
Masamba ake ofiirira amtundu wamaluwa amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa okongola a lilac-pinki. Ma inflorescences ndi amphongo. Mabasi amitundu yamitundu ya Kolesnikov Olympiad ndi apamwamba kuposa 3 m.
Duwa la Lilac "Kukongola kwa Moscow"
"Zokongola ku Moscow" ("Krasavitza Moskvy") - osiyanasiyana A. Kolesnikova amayang'ana kuti akhale ndi pafupifupi aliyense wokulitsa. Duwa lililonse lofiirira limaphukira kukhala maluwa onunkhira bwino, oyera ngati zipatso zokhala ngati mandala ofanana ndi maluwa a polyanthus.
"Kukongola kwa Moscow" ndi chitsamba chachitali kwambiri komanso chokongoletsera mopambanitsa, chomwe chidzakongoletsa chiwembu chilichonse chaumwini, chidzakhala kunyadira kwa mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri mawonekedwe.
Lilac yaku Hungary ndi chithunzi chake
Maluwa osiyanasiyana s. Lilac ya ku Hungary (S. josikaea) - chitsamba chachikulu kapena mtengo wawung'ono mpaka 5 m - imapitiliza wamba.
Monga tikuwonera pachithunzichi, ma lilac a ku Hungary amatulutsa kwambiri maluwa obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi maluwa ochepa (pobzala, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti anthu ena samamva fungo ili).
Komwe mungagule Hungac Lilac
Mutha kugula ma lilacs aku Hungary ku nazale ogulitsa mbande zamitengo yamitengo ndi zitsamba. Mitundu ya maluwa a lilac amtunduwu amasiyanasiyana kuyambira oyera mpaka oyera.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ya lilac ya ku Hungary ndiyofala kwambiri: wotumbululuka (f. Pallida) wokhala ndi maluwa otuwa komanso ofiira (f rubra) wokhala ndi ofiira. Chomera chimakhala chosasinthika kwambiri komanso nthawi yozizira. Imakula mwachangu kwambiri.
Chithunzi cha maluwa a Preston lilac ndi kufotokoza
Kutsatira ndi. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Preston lilac (S. x prestoniae), yoberekedwa ku Canada ndi Isabella Preston podutsa ndi s. Kuchepetsa ndi. fibrous (S. Refxa x S. villosa). Pambuyo pake, obereketsa osiyanasiyana adagwira ntchito ndi mbewu zamtunduwu, ndikuwonjezera kwambiri gawo lawo. Nthawi zambiri timatcha mtunduwu "Waku Canada."
Ichi ndi chitsamba (mpaka 3.5-4 m) chokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu owoneka ngati mazira, nthawi zina chimasamba.
Samalani ndi chithunzi cha maluwa a Preston lilac - awa ndi inflorescence openwork, makamaka lavender-pinki. Pak maluwa, agulugufe nthawi zambiri amayendera mitengo. Tchire zazing'ono zimafuna kudulira pafupipafupi kuti ipange chitsamba chowongoka. Lilac Preston ndi wonyozeka komanso wozizira.
Mutha kuzindikira mitundu:
Lilac "Agnes Smith" ("Agnes Smith") - Maluwa ofiira osavuta oyera amtundu wabwino amakhala ndi mabulashi. Limamasula kwambiri. Kutalika kwa Shrub 2-2,5 m.
Lilac zosiyanasiyana "Elinor" ("Elinor") - kusiyana kowonekera kwambiri kwa masamba ofiira owoneka bwino ndi maluwa onunkhira a lilac-pinki. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo. Bush 2,5-3,5 m kutalika.
Lilac "Hiawatha" (Tayavata ") - wandiweyani rasipiberi pinki wosavuta onunkhira maluwa amapanga wandiweyani panicles. Limaphuka kwambiri. Bush mpaka 2-2,5 m.
Lilac zosiyanasiyana "Minuet" ("Minuet") - Maluwa ndi lavenda wopepuka, kenako lilac wokhala ndi tint yofiirira, wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Limamasula kwambiri. Bush kutalika mpaka 2 m.
Zosiyanasiyana "Redwine" ("Redwine") wokhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wonyezimira wa inflorescence. Fungo lake ndi zonunkhira. Limaphuka kwambiri. Tchire ndi lokwera, mpaka 3.5 m.
Chithunzi cha Amur lilac ndi kufotokoza
Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kumamalizidwa ndi a Amur lilac (S. amurensis) omwe sanafanane nawo. Ofufuza ena amawusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wina Ligustrina, kapena Treskuny (Ligustrina), chifukwa maluwa ake ali ngati maluwa amera kuchokera ku mtundu wa Biryuchina (Ligustrum).
Monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, Amur lilac ndi mtengo wokhala ndi mitengo yambiri kapena shrub yayikulu yokhala ndi korona wakuda, mchikhalidwe mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 6. Masamba amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a s. wamba, koma mosiyana ndi iwo, mu kugwa amapentedwa amtundu wachikasu kapena chikasu. Limamasula kwambiri, ndikuwopsezedwa kwambiri ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera kapena pang'ono otsekemera ndi fungo la uchi. Imakula bwino panthaka yonyowa bwino. Zimauma. Mitundu yambiri ya "Ivory Silk" ("Ivory Silk") imapezeka nthawi zambiri ikagulitsidwa, yodziwika ndi kuphatikiza kwakukulu komanso fungo lowoneka bwino.
Zofanana kwambiri pofotokozera Amur lilac s. ChiJapan (S. japonica), chomwe ma botanisot ena amasiyanitsa pawokha. Imasiyanasiyana kukula kwake kuthengo, masamba ndi inflorescence, komanso maluwa pambuyo pake.
Yoyenera kutchulidwa ndi kutulutsa chilimwe ndi. Meyer (S. meyeri), zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kupeza malo ngakhale kamunda kakang'ono. Ichi ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino chokhala ndi masamba abwino, okuya mpaka 1.0-1.2 m. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya lilac iyi ndi "Palibin" (Palibin), yomwe imaphuka kwambiri ndi pink-lilac inflorescences.
Mtengo utamasula lilac
Maluwa otulutsa maluwa amatsegula ndi. hyacinthaceous kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, maluwa omwe ali ofanana ndi maluwa ndi. wamba, koma inflorescence ndi ocheperako komanso owoneka bwino. Mawonekedwe ake a terry (f. Plena) wokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira ampi amtundu wofiirira m'mankhwala akuluakulu ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri.
Ndiwotchuka mitundu "Buffon" ("Buffon") yokhala ndi maluwa osavuta onunkhira owoneka ofiira okongola a pinki komanso Ester Staley wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira onunkhira a lilac.
Maluwa ofala a lilac
Pambuyo maluwa ndi. Siazinto wachikuda, wokhala ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana okhala ndi ma lilac omwe amayamba kudzaza mundawo ndi utoto wa pastel. Kutulutsa mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ya lilac wamba ndi ntchito yosayamika, chifukwa mazana ambiri aiwo amafunikira chisamaliro. Timangotchulapo gawo laling'ono chabe la zachilendo kwambiri kapena zofala kwambiri.
Momwe mungabzala lilac
Lilacs amabzala m'malo otentha dzuwa, amatetezedwa ndi mphepo. Malowa azikhala onyowetsedwa bwino komanso osasefukira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha komanso m'dzinja lokhalokha. Ngakhale kusayenda pang'ono kwa madzi kungayambitse kufa kwa mizu yaying'ono.
Lilac ndi wopanda ulemu, koma amapereka maluwa ochulukirapo achonde pang'ono kapena osaloleka m'dothi komanso okhala ndi humus yambiri. Dothi la Acidic liyenera kukhala likuchepera. Dothi lolemera kwambiri liyenera kukonzedwa ndikuwonjezera humus ndi mchenga. Ndi malo oyandikana ndi pansi panthaka, kukhetsa kumafunika.
Musanadzalemo lilacs, humus kapena kompositi ndi superphosphate imalowetsedwa m'maenje obzala. Pamadongo a dongo, mchenga umawonjezeredwa. Pa dothi lokhala ndi acidic, ufa wa dolomite umawonjezeredwa kuti usathe, pH ya gawo lapansi iyenera kukhala 6.5-7.0.
Kubzala lilac
Ndikwabwino kubzala lilacs mu Ogasiti, chifukwa mu nthawi yamasika, masamba amatupa kwambiri m'mbuyomu, ndipo ndi masamba otupa, lilac simalola kufalikira. Ngati simukudziwa nthawi yobzala lilacs, koma mutabzala zinthu muli, ndiye kubzala kutha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse. Koma pamsika wathu pamakhala ngozi yoti tipeze lilac yomwe yangopangidwa ndikubzala mumphika. Poterepa, mmera ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti sungazike mizu.
Lilacs ndi chosasinthika komanso chosagwirizana ndi chilala, koma pakukula, maluwa ndi maluwa amadzalidwa kuti azikula komanso maluwa ambiri, makamaka ngati nyengo yadzuwa. Mu Ogasiti, kuthirira sikuchitika kuti musalimbikitse kudzutsidwa kwa impso ndi kukula kwawo msanga.
M'chaka chodzala, lilacs safunika kudyetsedwa. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu, feteleza wophatikizira wa mchere wokhala ndi zinthu zina amamuyambitsa kukula ndi kuphukira. Lilacs imalabadira feteleza wachilengedwe, monga kulowetsedwa kwa mullein ndi superphosphate. Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - Seputembala, feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu kapena phulusa umagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Kudulira lilac tchire ndi pulogalamuyo
Mu zaka zoyambirira mutabzala, mmera umakula mofooka ndipo suyenera kudulidwa. Kenako, chitsamba chiyenera kupangidwa, ndikusiyira 5-10 nthambi zachigoba bwino kwambiri.
Popeza mwawonera kanema wa nthawi yakudulira mitengo ya lilac, munaona kuti mphukira sizifupikitsidwa kuti musataye maluwa, koma mphukira zokhazokha zimadulidwa "pamphete." Kudulira kumachitika kumayambiriro kasupe impso zisadzuke.
Ndikofunika kudula mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a maluwa okhala maluwa, omwe amalimbikitsa kupangika kwatsopano kwa nthambi zina zamaluwa. Chifukwa chake chizindikiro chakuti maluwa apamwamba kwambiri, ma lilac ayenera kudulidwa kukhala maphwando. Koma izi siziyenera kuchitika, chifukwa "mabampu" omwe sanasinthidwe amatha kukhala matenda obwera ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Mtengo wa inflorescence umadulidwa ndi mitengo yayitali kwambiri pamtengo umodzi kapena iwiri yopanda zitsa. Mu lilacs ,amezetsa, mphukira zimachotsedwa nthawi zonse.
M'minda, ma lilac amabzalidwa munthambi zosakhazikika. M'minda yakale, nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi nyumba, gazebo kapena malo opumulira.
M'minda yayikulu ya maluwa, ma lilac amathanso kukhala ngati zokongoletsera. Zimayenda bwino ndi maluwa okongoletsera nthawi yomweyo: maluwa owoneka bwino otuwa msanga, koyambirira kwambiri, Meyi mitundu ndi mitundu ya maluwa a herbaceous komanso kwa olima maluwa abwino okhala ndi mitengo yoyambirira ngati masamba. Mwa perennials, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito swimsuit, aquilegia woyambira, malo okongola kwambiri. Zabwino m'dera loyandikana ndi lilac makatani atali mochedwa tulips ndi mauta Aflatunsky ndi chimphona.
