Mitundu ya Impatiens, yomwe imatha kutanthauzidwa kuti "yosagwa" kapena "yovuta" ndiyo maziko a banja la Basamu ndipo muli mitundu mazana asanu yomwe imamera padziko lonse lapansi.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, sizingatheke kufotokoza malo enieni pamapu oyenera kutchedwa kuti malo obzala masamba a basamu. Amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi m'malo otentha komanso otentha, koma pali malo ambiri osungira mitundu. Izi ndi, zoyambirira, Asia ndi mayiko a Africa, North America ndi Europe.
Mbiri ya zomwe zapezedwa komanso kusanthula kwama bilisi
Kudziwika kwa mitsempha ndi kusaleza mtima kunayamba m'zaka za zana la XVII. Zomwe zimafotokozeredwa koyamba ka mbewu zamtunduwu zimachokera mu 1689 ndipo zimalongosola mitundu ya basamu ochokera ku India komanso madera oyandikana ndi Asia. Kenako Karl Linney adayamba kuphunzira za mbewuzo; Koma chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha zomwe anapeza padziko lapansi asayansi a basamu amayembekezeredwa m'zaka za zana la 19, pomwe ngodya zakunja ndi mayiko zinayamba kufufuzidwa mwachangu. Chimodzi mwa zomalizira zomaliza chinali gulu la mbewu ku New Zealand lolembetsedwa mu 1989.
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri mdziko lathu ndi basilaya Wall, m'nyumba, yomwe imamera m'thengo chakum'mawa kwa Africa kuzilumba za Zanzibar.
Munali apa pomwe mbewu zatsopano zamankhwala zapezeka mu 1861. Makope angapo, omwe adatchulidwa kale chifukwa cha wolamulira wa komweko, wasayansi wachilengedwe waku Britain John Kirk adapita ku Europe. Apa, chidwi cha mmishonale Wachingelezi Horace Waller, yemwe adazindikira koyamba chomera chosadziwika, ndipo zomwe adapeza zidayamikiridwa. Ndipo wogwira ku Africa mu 1896 adalandira dzina la Impatiens walleriana.
Mtengowu umakondedwa ndi nzika zambiri. Masiku ano, mafuta a balmamu omwe amapitilira kumadzulo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Busy Lizzie, ndipo ku Russia chikhalidwecho chimatchedwa kuunika kwa Vanka Mokry. Mwachilendo, ngakhale dzina lodziwika bwino limafotokozeredwa ndi zovuta za mbewuyo, zomwe zimapanga madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzimadzi okoma pamasamba, omwe pamapeto pake amasintha kukhala mipira ya shuga yolimba.
Pakati pamunda wa balsamu, pachithunzi, Impatiens balsamina amaoneka bwino - mbadwa yaying'ono koma yowoneka bwino kuchokera ku South Asia, akukongoletsa maluwa ndi malire m'madera ambiri a Russia.
M'zaka za XX, olima maluwa adatha kudziwana ndi gulu lochulukirapo la hybrids ochokera ku New Guinea. Tsopano mbewu zodabwitsazi ndizopezeka kwa okholola ndi okonda mbewu zamkati, ndipo mitundu ina yam'mitambo yapakati inkakhala yomasuka kwambiri kotero kuti inasandulika namsongole weniweni, ndikuchotsa mitundu yachilengedwe pamalo ake.
Izi zikugwira ntchito kwathunthu ku basamu ya Himalayan, yomwe zaka zana zapitazo idapezeka m'dziko lake lokha.
Kodi mafuta a basamu amawoneka bwanji?
Pakati pa osagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena, monga momwe amawazitchulira ku Russia, mavitamini ndi zakutchire, zamaluwa ndi mbewu zapakhomo. Zomera za pachaka zapakati pa msewuwu zimalimidwa ngati masamba a basamu, ndipo mitundu yamkati ndi mbewu zomwe masamba ake amakhala zaka zingapo.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yobereketsa yomwe idayamba pakati pa zaka zapitazi komanso kutchuka kwa mitundu yosasamala, yotulutsa maluwa mofunitsitsa, ma bals Vitamini adatenga malo oyenera osonkhanitsa maluwa.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndi osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake mu mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maluwa, kukula kwake ndi malo okhala, kotero nkovuta kukayikira ngakhale nthumwi zamtundu wina wokhala amtundu womwewo. Mwa zina mwa mankhwala a basamu ndi:
- mbewu zamtundu wa herbaceous ndi mitundu yosatha yomwe imawoneka ngati mitengo yaying'ono kapena zitsamba;
- mautali osapitirira 20 cm ndi zimphona zazitali kutalika kwa mita 2;
- Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala kumalo otentha.
Chifukwa chake, yankho ku funso: "Kodi mafuta a basamu amawoneka bwanji?" siyingakhale yosavuta komanso yosavuta.
Koma ndi zosiyana zambiri, ma biliyoni mavitamini ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi pano ali ofanana. Zomera zimadziwika bwino chifukwa cha chilengedwe chamitundu yambiri. Kukhudzidwa pang'ono pa bokosi lamadzi lamafuta kumapangitsa kuti lizitseguka nthawi yomweyo, ndipo zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yayikulu zimabalalitsa mtunda wa mamita angapo.
M'munda wazomera, ma balsamu amadziwika kuti ndi amtundu wa ojambula pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ndi mitundu ya ma corollas.
Maluwa a basamu wamkati ndi ofanana nawo m'mundamu atha kukhala osavuta komanso awiri, omveka bwino komanso omvekera awiri, okhala ndi malo osiyanitsa bwino kapena obalalitsa malo pamiyala.
Mtundu wapakati wa maluwa a basamu wamkati ndi 2-4 cm, koma pali mbewu zomwe zimakondweretsa eni ake komanso ma corollas akuluakulu amitundu yowala. Chizindikiro cha maluwa a basamu ndi chopendekera chopendekera, koma mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mafelesiwo akhoza kukhala osiyana:
- M'chipinda cha Waller m'chipinda cha coral, ma corollas amakhala akutseka, ndipo ma petals awo amafanana.
- Mitundu ina, chifukwa cha mafupifupi asymmetric, maluwa amakhala ngati ma warts kapena snapdragons.
Mitundu yotere imalumikizidwa ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana za zomera komanso zomwe tizilombo timene timayambitsa mungu.
Zomera zamamera a basamu
Ma balsamu am'nyumba ndi a maluwa omwe amakonda kwambiri mthunzi, palibe kusiyanasiyana pamalamulo awa. Choyamba, izi ndizomera zochokera ku New Guinea ndipo, mwachitsanzo, zakutchire balsamine glandulifera. Koma chinyezi ndichofunikira kwa onse osakhudzana, koma mitundu ina yophatikiza imayenera kuteteza maluwa ndi masamba kuti azikhala ndi madzi ochuluka.
Masamba osalala a lalsolate samasiyana mu kuchuluka kwamafomu, koma amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino kapena wamitundu mitundu. Chosangalatsa ndichoti chifukwa cha zokutira kwapadera, pamwamba pa pepalalapa, imagwa pansi, ndipo pepalalo limakhala louma ngakhale mvula yambiri. Pansi pake pamakhala potetezedwa kuti isanyowe komanso kuwola ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhazikika pakati pa villi.
Kuteteza maluwa ku mame ndi mvula kumakhala kotalikirapo ngati peduncle limatseguka pamene corolla imatseguka. Zotsatira zake, duwa la m'munda wa basamu likugwada, monga pachithunzi, mitsinje yamadzi sitha kutsuka mungu wakucha.
