Chifundo neoregelia (Neoregelia) imaphatikizapo mbewu za epiphytic ndi lapansi lapansi zokhudzana mwachindunji ndi banja la bromeliad. Mwachilengedwe, amakonda kukulira nkhalango zamvula za East Colombia, East Peru, Brazil, ndi Ecuador (m'malo otentha).
Masamba a mtundu wotchedwa herbaceous, osatha, wobzala, ndiwopangidwa lamba, wotambalala bwino, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumatulutsa mwamphamvu kapena pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri pa iwo. Pakatikati pa tsamba lomwe timatsegulira timapaka utoto wambiri kapena wotuwa.
Gawo lamkati la masamba kapena malangizidwe a masamba amapeza utoto wofiyira kwambiri panthawi yomwe inflorescence imawonekera. Amatuluka mu sinus ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu. Pali maluwa ambiri ndipo amapezeka m'matumbo a mabatani.
Kusamalira neoregelia kunyumba
Kupepuka
Mukufuna kuwala kowala. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imayenera kusinthidwa kuti ichotse dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kuyeneranso kukhala kwabwino, kotero ndikulimbikitsidwa panthawiyi kuti muunikire maluwa ndi nyali za fluorescent. Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala chotseguka mwadongosolo, koma pazikhala osakonzekera.
Mitundu yotentha
Chapakatikati ndi chilimwe, neoregelia amakula bwino ndikukula pamtunda wa madigiri 20 mpaka 25. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mbewu pamalo abwino (pafupifupi madigiri 16), pansi pa izi, imatha kutulutsa nthawi yayitali, kapena m'malo mwake, pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Chinyezi
Akufuna chinyezi chokwera osachepera 60 peresenti. Chifukwa chake, neorelia amalimbikitsidwa kuti akhazikitsidwe malo obiriwira kapena malo owonjezera. Mukasungidwa kunyumba, kutsanulira dongo lokwanira mu poto ndikuthira madzi pang'ono (onetsetsani kuti pansi pamphika sikukhudza madzi). Amapopera nthawi zonse. Pazifukwa zaukhondo, masamba ayenera kupukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa.
Momwe mungamwere
M'nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse m'mawa, pomwe madzi amafunikira kuthiridwa mwachindunji mu tsamba lolemba. M'nyengo yozizira, imathiriridwa pang'ono ndikuthira madzi pansi pazu, apo ayi mbewuyo imayamba kuvunda. Madzi azikhala ofunda komanso ofewa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Amadyetsa mu Meyi-Seputembara 1 nthawi m'milungu 3 kapena 4. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa bromeliad, yemwe ayenera kusungunuka m'madzi, ndikuthilira madzi osakaniza ndi mbewu.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Kuika kumachitika pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunika, pomwe khosi siliyenera kuyikidwa dothi lotayirira. Kwa mitundu yapadziko lapansi, chisakanizo choyenera chimakhala ndi humus, dothi lamasamba, komanso mchenga ndi peat, zomwe zimatengedwa pazotsatira za 1: 2: 0.5: 1. Zomera za Epiphytic zimafuna chisakanizo cha sphagnum moss, makungwa a paini, humus ndi masamba masamba, komanso peat (gawo 1: 3: 0.5: 1: 1). Dothi lokwanira ladzaza mphika wa maluwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
Njira zolerera
Mutha kufalitsa ndi njere zazikazi ndi zazikazi. Maluwa akamaliza, ana ambiri amapangidwa. Mutha kubzala njira ina yotsatira, mutakhala ndi masamba atatu kapena anayi. Kuti muchite izi, tengani mphika wokhawokha, womwe umayikidwa kutentha (kuchokera 25 mpaka 28 degrees). Imakutidwa ndi thumba kapena galasi. Tsiku lililonse, mpweya wabwino m nthaka umafunika. Zomera zazing'ono zamphamvu zimasamaliridwa ngati akuluakulu (koma pang'onopang'ono amazolowera chisamaliro chotere).
Asanabzale, mbeu zimayenera kumizidwa mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu, ndipo patapita kanthawi kuti ziume. Kubzala kumachitika mu moss sphagnum woponderezedwa, ndipo pamwamba umatsekedwa ndi galasi. Amayika kutentha (madigiri 25), tsiku lililonse muyenera kutsuka ndi kupukusa mpweya. Amadzuka pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Mbeu zokhala ndi miyezi iwiri ndi itatu zimasinthidwa miphika, pogwiritsa ntchito dothi la bromeliads. Neoregelia yotere imaphuka koyamba pa zaka 3-4.
Tizilombo
A mealybug, aphid, scutellum kapena kangaude amatha kukhazikika.
Mukakhala ndi kachilombo ka bromeliad, tizirombo timapezeka kumbali zonse za masamba, omwe amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.
Mutha kumenyana ndi yankho lapadera la 1 lita. madzi ndi madontho 15-20 a Actellica. Amatha kupopera mbewuzo kapena kupukutitsa chinkhupule ndikuthothola masamba.
Mukadwala matendawa, timapepala timavutika. Imasiya masamba obwera ndi shuga, kenako mafangasi am'mimba mwaiwo. Kukula kwa duwa kumacheperachepera, masamba ake amasanduka achikasu ndipo mbewuyo imafa pang'ono ndi pang'ono.
Monga njira yothanirana ndi tiziromboti, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mowa wopanda kapena sopo ochapira. Ikani chinthucho pachinsalu ndikupukuta chomera chonse. Ngati matendawa alidi wamphamvu, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga: actellic, fufanon, karbofos.
Kangaude wofiyira amatha kukhazikika kumbali zonse ziwiri za tsamba. Amakulunga tsamba mu cobweb ndipo amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa.
Kuti muwononge tizilombo, pukuta masamba ndi sopo wamadzi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwakulimbikitsidwa.
Wokhala kunja kwa masamba, nsabwe za m'masamba zimayamwa msuzi wawo. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.
Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, njira yothandizira ndi yofunika (ma 15-20 akutsikira pa lita imodzi yamadzi).
Amatha kudwala Fusarium, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbali yam'munsi ya duwa iwonongedwe, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa. Zimachitika chifukwa chinyezi zambiri.
Dzuwa limasiya masamba a bulauni pamasamba.
Chifukwa cha mpweya wouma kwambiri, nsonga za masamba zimaphwa ndipo zimakhala zofiirira.
Ndemanga kanema
Mitundu yayikulu
Karolina leoregelia (Neoregelia carolinae)
Chomera cha epiphytic ichi ndi chamuyaya. Rosette wamasamba ndiwofalikira kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ngati phata lamoto wokhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 40-50. Masamba ofiira amtundu wobiriwira amakhala ndi chilankhulo komanso nsonga yolunjika. Pamphepete pali spikes zambiri.
Chomera chisanayambe kuphuka, kumtunda kwa duwa limakhala ndi chiyembekezo chofiira. Mtundu wa inflorescence wosavuta, wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri uli mkati mwa tsamba.
Mabulangete obiriwira oyera obiriwira amakhala ndi gawo la kumaso kapena lozungulira. Amatha kukhala opanda kanthu kapena pamiyeso yambiri pamaso pawo. Maluwa a sentimita anayi amapakidwa utoto wowala wa lilac. Mafuta obiriwira osiyidwa pang'ono amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi nsonga yolunjika.
Pali mitundu yomwe mikwingwirima yake yayitali ndimapinki, yoyera kapena yobiriwira.
Neoregelia marble (Neoregelia marmorata)
Chomera cha padziko lapansi pano ndi chachikale ndipo chili ndi dongo losanja lofanana ndi masamba. Timapepala tokhala ngati tchire timafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 60, ali ndi nsonga yolunjika komanso m'mbali mwake. Pamaso pawo pali miyeso yambiri yowala, ndipo iwo omwe ali ndi utoto wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira.
Mtundu wa inflorescence wosavuta, wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri uli mkati mwa mtengo wama masamba. Zingwe zazingwe ndi "gawo lalifupi kwambiri kuposa manda ndikuloza pang'ono. Maluwa a centimeter anayi ali ndi khungu la pinki kapena loyera.
Noregelia wakuda (Neoregelia tristis)
Chomera cha epiphytic chilinso chamuyaya. Rosette wopapatiza, wophatikizidwa ndi masamba 10-12, ali ndi mawonekedwe. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira afikira kutalika kwa masentimita 60, malekezero awo amazunguliridwa ndi lingaliro lalifupi lakuthwa. Mbali yakutsogolo mulibe, ndipo mbali yolakwika imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, yokutidwa ndi mamba owala ochepa.
Mtundu wa inflorescence, womira mozama mu rosette yamasamba, umatha kupangika komanso kufalikira. Makanema okhala ndi mkombero, owoneka bwino amakhala utoto wakuda ndipo amakhala ndi malekezero komanso owongoka. Mphepete zawo zimakhala zolimba, ndipo m'litali ndizoposa theka la kutalika kwa manda. Manda opanda kanthu ali ndi mawonekedwe asymmetric. Zimapakidwa m'munsi ndikufika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita awiri. Maluwa a maluwa ndi ochepa, ndipo nsonga yake imalozedwa, pamwamba amapaka utoto wamtambo. Pankhaniyi, ma petals amasakanikirana ndi stamens.
Noregelia wokongola kapena wokongola (Neoregelia spectabilis)
Chomera cha epiphytic ichi, chomwe ndi chachikhalire, chili ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana masamba. Timapepala tating'ono tating'ono timawerama kwambiri, timatalika masentimita 40. Mbali yawo yolakwika ndi yobiriwira yofiirira yokhala ndi mamba omera, ndipo mbali yakumbuyoyo ndi yobiriwira, ndipo pamalopo pali mthunzi.
Mtengo wa inflorescence umamizidwa mu tsamba lolemba. Mabulogu a elliptical okhala ndi nsonga yowongoka ali ofanana kutalika kwa manda, ndipo pamwamba pake amaphimbidwa ndi mamba azizuwa, omwe amapindika.
Maluwa omwe amakhala pamiyala, kutalika kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 4,5 cm. Manda achikongoletse, okhala ndi mawonekedwe asymmetric, opaka pang'ono pansi, amakhala ndi kufiira kofiirira. Maluwa a buluu amakhala ndi ma bend ofowoka.
Littleore maluwa (Neoregelia pauciflora)
Epiphyte iyi ndi yamuyaya. Ali ndi rosette yopapatiza komanso yooneka ngati masamba. Timapepala ta Chingelezi tili ndi pepala lokwera, ndipo nsonga yake imalozedwa. Makina awo abwino okhala ndi utoto wokutidwa ndi milimita yamaimidwe yakuda. Pamaso pake pali miyeso ing'onoing'ono, ndipo kumbali yakumaso kuli milozo yoyera.
Mtundu wa inflorescence, womwe umakhala padunction yochepa, umakhala ndi mawonekedwe apangidwe ndipo umayenda pang'ono. Zovala zazingwe zozungulira zowongoka zokhala ndi mbali zomata zazitali ndizochepera kuposa ma pedicels. Mizere yolowera-lanceolate yokhala ndi nsonga yolunjika, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, itasokonekera pang'ono pansi. Kutalika, amafika masentimita awiri. Mitambo yayitali (pafupifupi masentimita 5) yopaka yoyera.
Scion neoregelia (Neoregelia sarmentosa)
Munda wabwinobwino ndi wosatha. Ali ndi rosette woonda komanso wowonda ngati tsamba. Ndipo pamiyala yotalikilapo pali ana (zitsulo zazikazi). Timapepala tating'ono ta Chingerezi tili ndi mutu wozungulira wokhala ndi cholozera. M'mphepete mwa masamba awa mumatha kusekeka bwino, ndi utoto wobiriwira ndipo umakhala ndi chidutswa chofiyira pamwamba. Kunja kwa masamba, masamba ndi obiriwira, ndipo pamaso pawo pamakhala kiyeso yaying'ono.
Chomera ichi chili ndi inflorescence chophatikizika. Makina amajambula akakhala konsekonse, owoneka bwino okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Amapaka utoto wowala, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala utoto wa rasipiberi. Pamaso pawo pali kachigawo kena kosanjikira.
Maluwa amakhala pamiyala ndipo amafika masentimita 2.2-2.9 kutalika. Manda obiriwira, obiriwira amakhala ozungulira ndipo asymmetric pamunsi osasamba pang'ono. Mafuta ophatikizika pang'ono a buluu kapena oyera oyera ali ndi malangizo.
Bubbly neoregelia (Neoregelia ampullacea)
Epiphyte iyi ndi yamuyaya. Masamba ake ndiwotsika kwambiri. Masamba opindika, okhala ndi mzere ndiwobiriwira ndipo amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala komanso sikelo zazing'ono zofiirira. Msongowo walongosoledwa, ndipo m'mphepete timawongoleredwa kwambiri.
Kukula kwamaluwa pang'ono kumabzalidwa kwambiri patsamba lolemba. Ma brichepi owonda kwambiri, owonda-owongoka ndi amtambo, ndipo nsonga yake imalozedwa. Zazikulu kuposa miyeso kukula kwake. Mitambo yopendekera yopapatiza-yokhala ndi miyala ndi yoyera komanso yoyera m'mphepete. Amaphatikizidwa pang'ono m'munsi. Zamkati zimakulanso limodzi pang'ono m'munsi, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala buluu ndipo nsonga imaloledwa.
Neoregelia buluu (Neoregelia cyanea)
Epiphyte wamuyayayu ali ndi tsamba laling'ono, lopindika, lokhala ndi masamba ambiri. Timapepala ta Leathery tokhala ngati chilankhulo tating'ono kapena tokhazikika. Amapaka utoto umodzi, kumbali yolakwika pali miyeso yambiri yoyera.
Mtundu wama inflorescence wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri umakhala wozama. Zowongolera zazingwe zolimba ndizovulaza ndipo ndizofanana ndi miyeso. Manda opanda kanthu, owongoka, osambira pang'ono pansi, ali asymmetric. Ma petals amakula mwachidule ndi amtundu kapena amtundu.
Tiger neoregelia (Neoregelia tigrina)
Epiphyte iyi ndi yamuyaya ndipo imakhala ndi duwa loyenda, lamakala. Masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe achilankhulo komanso nsonga zozungulira zokhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa, ndipo nsonga zazifupi zazifupi zimakhala kumapeto. Masamba ndiwobiriwira chikasu ndipo amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yooneka ngati yofiirira, ndipo kumunsi amakhala okutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono.
Inflorescence ya maluwa osiyanasiyana ndi yosavuta. Mabulangete owoneka ngati ma batala owoneka bwino ali ndi maupangiri ndi nsonga zofiira, komanso ndiwofatsa. Masamba obiriwira, opepuka obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi chowongoka. Pansi iwo amapanikizika, ndipo pamwamba pawo pamakhala mawanga ofiira. Ma petals omwe ali pansi amayikidwa mu chubu, ndipo amapaka utoto wofiirira.
