Indoor violets: Kubzala ndi kusamalira pakhomo

Saintpaulia kapena violet imakhala yonyada pamalo pazenera. Palinso kalabu ya alimi a maluwa amateur omwe akubereketsa zokongola izi. Amabzala zofanizirana zosakanizidwa, amakonza zionetsero komwe amagawana momwe amasamalirira chomera ichi kunyumba. Mtundu umodzi uli ndi mitundu masauzande ambiri yomwe imalembetsedwa ndipo ikadabereka.

Kufotokozera kwa ma violets

Indoor violets ndi imodzi mwamaluwa omwe amakonda kwambiri kubzala mbewu zambiri. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chisamaliro chokwanira, maluwa awa ndizotchuka kwambiri.

Malinga ndi malongosoledwe, mkati mwanyumba ma violets ndi ofanana, komabe, pali zosiyana zingapo. Izi zimakhudza mithunzi ya inflorescence komanso mawonekedwe a masamba. Zomera zake rosette wamasamba, tsinde lapakati lomwe likusowa.

Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amapangika pakatikati, mawonekedwe awo amatha kukhala osavuta kapena odabwitsa. Mtundu wa pamakhala ndi masamba ndi osiyanasiyana. Choyika chotsekemera chimapezeka kuchokera kosavuta mpaka terry kwambiri.

Zomera za ulusi izi zimatha kukongoletsa osati sill sill zokha, mutha kupanga mawonekedwe kuchokera kwa iwo ndikuziyika pa apron ya khitchini kapena alumali. Ngati mumatsatira malamulo a chisamaliro, violet azikongoletsa nyumba yabwino kwambiri.

1. Wittrock Indoor Hybrid Violet. Maluwa ndi akulu, ndipo m'mimba mwake masentimita 4 mpaka 12, osakwatiwa, omwe amapangika m'matumba a masamba. Corolla 5-petal, mitundu yonse, kuyambira yoyera mpaka yoyera yakuda, chigwa kapena chamikwingwirima ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake. Mbale zamphongo zitha kukhala zathyathyathya, zodwala kapena zopindika.
2. Violets Hemalis-yozizira (Hiemalis) wokhala ndi maluwa mainchesi a 4.5-5,5,5 adalembetsa mu 1916, ndi Hardy yozizira, wokhala ndi maluwa oyambira ndi aatali. Siyanitsani tchire yaying'ono ndi maluwa owala.
3. Golden yellow violet Helios.
4. Violet Mars (Mars) ma penti amtundu wakuda ndi "maso" amdima.
5. Zosiyanasiyana za violets "Nordpol" (North Pole) - wokhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera komanso mbewu zoyera.
6. "Jupita" (Jupita) - wokhala ndi miyala yofiirira-violet yotsika komanso yoyera yapamwamba.
7. Rococo violets (Rococo) - mbewu zokhala ndi maluwa owala, owoneka bwino ndi mainchesi a 5.5 masentimita ndi ma petals okhala ndi miyala yambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa, osadziwika, koma, mwatsoka, ku Russia, kuwonongeka kwa ma petals ndizosowa.
8. "Flamenco F1" (Flamenco Fj) - mitunduyi ili ndi mafiyira ofiira ofiira omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achikasu achikasu ndikuwombera pakati.
9. "Diso la Tiger" (Tigereye) - osiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wodabwitsa - wachikasu wakuda, wokhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono amdima pakati ndikugwedeza pamiyala yonse.
10. Violet "Kadinala" (Kadinala) - wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira komanso "diso" lakuda.

Kusamalira ma violets kunyumba

Ngati mukufuna kuyika violet mnyumba, ndiye muyenera kudziwa zomwe amakonda ndikuwatsata. Pali malamulo oyendetsera maluwa awa kunyumba:

• Chomera chimakonda kuunikira kowala, koma popanda kuwongoleredwa ndi dzuwa.
• Kukongola uku kumafunikira gawo lonyowa, koma salola madzi kusayenda.
• Mlengalenga wambiri, komanso kupopera masamba, kumamuwononga. Chomera chimatsukidwa ndi fumbi kokha koma chimasambitsidwa, koma chikuyenera kuchitika chouma popanda zotsalira.
• Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda okha, osasamalidwa bwino. Njira yoyenera yothiririra mbewu yabwinoyi ndiyokhota chinyontho m'nthaka.
• Amalemba zonse kuchokera pazenera komanso kuchokera pamawonekedwe ofunda a fan.
• Samalekerera kusowa chikondi komanso bata mnyumba, komanso kusadzionetsera.

Ngati simunasiyebe mtima wofuna kukhazikitsa violet m'nyumba mwanu, konzekerani kuvomera wina wabanja lanu.

The kapangidwe ka dothi la violets chipinda

Kusamalira kunyumba kumayambira ndikukonzekera gawo lapansi ndi kuthekera. Violet amafunikira gawo lokhazikika lomwe limaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• peat - magawo atatu;
• pepala lamtundu - magawo 5;
• mchenga wowuma - gawo limodzi;
• zouma za sphagnum moss ndi makala ayenera kupanga 10% ya kuchuluka kwathunthu pazinthu zazikulu.

Akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa peat ndi perlite kapena vermiculite, chifukwa amathandizira kuti chinyontho chisakhale chopepuka. The osauka mawonekedwe amafuna zakudya zina.

M'nyengo yozizira, kamodzi pachaka, yankho la humate limawonjezeredwa, nthawi yophukira-yophukira amadyetsedwa feteleza amadzimadzi amadzimadzi kwa senpolia. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe simuyenera kuchita ndi kumwa mopitirira muyeso. Osathedwa mphamvu, dothi liyenera kukhala lopendekera.

Thirani zida

Posamalira ma violets amkati, chilichonse ndichofunikira. Kuti gawo lapansi silikhala wowawasa komanso kuti asawononge mizu ya mbewuyo, silifunikira zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pazikhalidwe zachikulire chikho chokwanira, yemwe kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 10. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi theka lodzaza ndi madzi.

Kumbukirani kuti vutoli litaphukira, muyenera kudikira mpaka mizu itadzaza mphalawo pansi. Zilime, chidebe choyamba chimatengedwa ndi mulifupi wa 6 cm.

Dzenje lokwanira liyenera kukhala lokwanira. Kuika sikumachitikanso kamodzi pachaka chilichonse, pomwe mphika ungasiyidwe womwewo. Muyenera kusamala kokha yeretsani mizu momwe ndingathere ndikusintha gawo lapansi.

Kubalana ndi kupatsirana

Kukula kwa senpolia kumayamba ndi chikhalidwe chaching'ono. Saintpaulia imafalitsa motere: masamba; kudula; maulendo ndi mbewu.

Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito njira yosavuta kwambiri yopangira mizu - tsamba. Isanazike mizu, kagawo kamasinthidwa ndi lumo wa mankhwala opha tizilombo, ndiye kuti chidutswacho chimatumizidwa kumadzi, komwe kuli kufikira komwe ma callus ndi mizu atapangidwa.

Ikakhala pamizu ya masentimita 4-7 kutalika, Amazika mizu. Pamwamba muyenera kuphimba ndi mtsuko kapena filimu kuchokera pakuwuluka ndikudikirira zotsatira. Ngati zonse zidayenda bwino, mbewu zomwe zikung'ambika zimasinthidwa kukhala miphika ina ikamakula. Ngati chisamaliro chabwino chimaperekedwa, ndiye kuti ma violets adzaphuka mchaka chimodzi.

Zophatikiza senpolia - zimera za chimera zokha ma stepons ndi ma peduncle, adzafotokozera za umunthu wake ku mbewu yaing'ono. Mwanayo amatha kupatukana ndi kholo ndi phokoso, limakhazikika pompopompo.

Ngati chomera chanyumba chikufunika kuti ndikusintha, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mizu yathanzi. Mizu yoyenera khalani ndi khungu loyeraDzazani thanki, ndipo ali moyo.

Ngati mutenga mawonekedwe obzala, ndiye kuti muyenera kupulumutsa mizu yomwe yatenga malo ndikuyiyika mu mphika wokulirapo ndi gawo lonyowa mu cell yapadera.

Musanadzalemo senpolia, muyenera kuganizira mozama za mizu ndi Chotsani mizu yakufa, zimasanduka zofiirira.

Musamale kuti musawononge mizu yathanzi. Ndi chithandizo chokwanira chotere, nyanjayo imatha kutsukidwa m'madzi, pambuyo pake mizu imatambalala ndi kubzala mu chidebe chatsopano.

Potengera zowola za mizu, chomera chimayenera kutsukidwa kuti chikhale ndi moyo wathanzi, ndikuthira mu mpweya woyatsidwa ndikuwuma. Mukaphedwa, muyenera kukumbukiranso muzu m'madzi kapena mosschifukwa ili ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Malangizo kuchokera kwa wamaluwa waluso

M'chilimwe, mmera umakhala bwino chipinda chimakhala mpaka 25 digiri Celsius, nthawi yozizira imatenga 18−20. Chinyezi chikuyenera kukhala chozungulira 50%.

Maluwa amafunika maola ambiri masana chaka chonse. Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala zosachepera maola 10, nthawi ya maluwa yofunikira zowonjezera zowunikira kumbuyo.

Ngati kuthirira kumachitika kudzera mu poto, ndikofunikira kukhetsa madzi osamwa ndi chomera. Ngati kuthirira kumachitika kuchokera kumwamba, ndiye kuti muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi sichikhala pamasamba. M'chilimwe kuthirira tsiku lililonse pang'ono ndi pang'ono, nthawi yozizira - kawiri pa sabata. Kuti chomera chomera chikule, muyenera kuyembekeza chaka chimodzi.

Ngati mungayang'anire bwino, ndiye kuti mupeza mphotho monga duwa lokongola maluwa. Mkati mwa nyumba ya senpolia pachimake pachaka pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, maluwa chotsani maluwa.

Chomera sichimaphuka ngati chikudwala kapena ngati majeremusi akuvulala. Matenda ndi tizilombo timakumana ndi vuto losasamalidwa bwino. Muyenera kuthana ndi tizirombo.

Zinthu zosamalidwa nthawi yachisanu

Kuti vutoli lisafe nthawi yozizira, ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa chisamaliro choyenera, malamulo ena ayenera kutsatiridwa:

1. Popeza maola a masana amafupikitsidwa nthawi yozizira, amafunika kuwonjezeredwa ndi kuwunikira kochita kupanga kwa maola angapo.
2. Kuwaza mizu kuyenera kupewedwa ndikuchepetsa. Ngati mbewuyo idasefukira, iyenera kupulumutsidwa ndikukuika dothi louma, ndikuphimba ndi mtsuko pamwamba. Zitha kuzichotsa pomwe mizu ikabwezeretsedwa, izi zitha kupezeka chifukwa cha tsamba latsopanolo.
3. Tetezani senpolia ku mphepo yozizira ndi youma. M'pofunika kuti muchokere ku magetsi ndi magetsi.
4. Zofunika zaukhondo. Musanalowe m'malo ogulitsira, nthawi zonse muyenera kumawiritsa chonde m'nthaka. Ngati matenda akukayikiridwa, sankhani chitsamba ku mbewu zina.
5. Musamere mitundu yayikulu ya zomera, monga mitengo ya kanjedza, ficuses, pafupi ndi nyansi, monga tizirombo tambiri monga nkhupakupa, mphukira, ndi nsabwe za m'madzi zimatha kukhala pa iwo. Ndibwino ngati geranium ili pafupi ndi senpolia, yomwe imatha kuwopsya tizirombo toyipitsidwa. Spatiphyllum imanyowetsa mpweya bwino, kotero kuti kuyandikira kwake ndi kachilomboka sikungapweteke.

Saintpaulia ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu yamitundu ndi mitundu. Ngati mutsatira malamulowa pamwambapa posamalira chipinda cha kunyumba, ndiye kuti cholengedwa ichi chofatsa chimakonda kusangalala ndi kuphuka, thanzi, mawonekedwe a mabanja onse.