Chomera chomera pachinyama chithunzi chithunzi Chopatsa mafuta kuposa kudyaZhiryanka (Pinguicula) ndiye wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa nyama zamkati zomwe zimadya. Amachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwa maluwa, ofanana ndi violets, amasangalatsa maso ndi masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino ndi maluwa. Giryanka wakula osati zodzikongoletsera zokha, chomera chodabwitsachi chimakhala chiwonetsero chenicheni cha nyumba yosungitsa maluwa. Maonekedwe a mbewuyo ndiwofatsa komanso osavuta, koma chiopsezo chobisika kumbuyo kwa kukongola.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Masamba oyera, okhala ndi mawonekedwe a ovate okhala ndi m'mbali yolumikizidwa amakhala osakanikirana. Masamba ndi amtundu, opaka zipatso, amawoneka osavuta ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, owala. Pansi pa rosette wokongola woyambira ndimimba yabodza. Hafu imodzi ya zotumphukira za mkazi wabwino amatulutsa chinsinsi chomata, chokopa tizilombo, michere ina yokugaya yomwe imayambitsa chimbudzi. Ndili othokoza chifukwa cha m'malovu obisika omata omwe masamba amasangalatsa.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka chimbudzi, papaver ndi wofanana ndi chomera cholusa monga sundew. Komabe, mwa mayi wonenepa, masamba amawakutira pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhalabe akufalikira. Zingapo zagaya zili pamtunda wa masamba, zomwe zimakuthandizani kugaya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri (midges) popanda kupindika. Kuyesedwa ndi timadzi tokoma tating'ono, kachiromboka kamagona pam masamba owala, komanso timitengo zopanda chiyembekezo. Kukoka kwa tizilomboto zokulirapo totchuluka ngati kugwedezeka kwa tsamba, ndiye kuti pang'onopang'ono tsamba limayamba, kenako mapuloteni amapangidwa. Sizachilendo kuti alimi a maluwa amatcha girly kuti ndi mtundu wa tepi ya Velcro.
Momwe mungasakira nyama yomwe imakonda kudya
Njira yosaka nyama yam'madzi imamangidwa pamtambo wa masamba. Chifukwa cha zolembedwa zomwe zimawoneka ngati zonenepa, mbewuyo idatchedwa dzina. Komanso, nyama yolusa imatchedwa msipu, udzu wamafuta.
Kwa chaka, mbewu imadutsa nthawi ziwiri za chitukuko: chonyowa ndi youma. M'nyengo yotentha, paprika amatulutsa masamba okhathamira, ndipo nthawi yozizira - masamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe ali masamba ndi masamba okula. Chifukwa chake, kwa chaka chimodzi, mayi wopukusira amapanga masamba awiri: losaka lenileni komanso losangalatsa kwambiri nthawi yozizira.
Chomera chosatha choterechi ndi cha banja la Pemphigus, mosiyana ndi mamembala ena a banja, yokhala ndi mizu yeniyeni. Muzochuluka kwambiri, mizu imathandizira mkazi wamafuta kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Oimira mtunduwo amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi masamba ndi maluwa. Pakhola lalitali kwambiri, maluwa amodzi akuwoneka ngati duwa. Ma loboti awiri apamwamba komanso atatu am'munsi mwa corolla amapezeka asymmetrically, m'mimba mwake pamakhala maluwa masentimita 2-3. Mitundu imaphatikizapo lilac, rasipiberi, buluu, utoto, zoyera ndi zapinki sizachilendo, pakati pa pharynx pamakhala mthunzi wopepuka. Pambuyo maluwa, zipatso za bokosi zipse.
Ponena za kukula kwake: masamba a rosette a mbale 5-15 masentimita kutalika, peduncle imakokedwa mpaka 40 cm.
Carnivorous chomera carnivore chithunzi chosavulaza
Chidwi cholusa chimakhala chosavuta kukula. Udzu wamafuta kapena therere lopukutira ndiye njira yoyenera kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akungoyamba kumene kusamalira zomera zodya. Ngakhale zosowa zakunja sizosangalatsa (kuphatikiza mawonekedwe osavuta ndi kuneneratu ndizosangalatsa), koma mwana uyu ndiwosazindikira, wolimba, amasintha mwangwiro m'chipinda.
Chifukwa chaubwenzi kwa alimi a maluwa, imatha kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wake: imatha kuyatsa ndi magetsi osakwanira, safuna chinyezi chowonjezereka, imadzipereka kuthirira ndi madzi wamba (mbewu zina zodyera zimafuna kuthirira ndi madzi osungunuka). Ubwino wina ndi wautali maluwa - ena osakanizidwa, maluwa amatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Chizolowezi cholusa chimakhala chofooka, koma pankhani yaubwenzi wawo kwa alimi a maluwa, edema ilibe yofanana.
Malo achilengedwe a puffin ndi madera aku North Hemisphere, omwe amapezeka ku South America, mitundu 12 imapezeka ku Europe, m'chigawo cha Russia, papillary wamba. Amamera m'mphepete mwa dziwe, madambo achisamba, ena amakhala ndi moyo wapamwamba - amakhala m'miyala yomwe ili ndi miyala.
Mtsikana wopusa amatulutsa maluwa
Nthawi yamalonda a paprika imagwera m'miyezi yophukira.
Kukula butterwort kuchokera ku mbewu
Chithunzi cha mbewu ya ginger
Mbewu za ginger zimabzalidwa gawo lapansi pazomera zosatetezeka (zogulidwa ku malo ogulitsira) kapena chisakanizo cha peat, mchenga, vermiculite ndi perlite zakonzedwa (chinthu chachikulu ndikuti dothi ndi mpweya-, wambiri, komanso acidic).
- Tengani chidebe chija, mudzazeni ndi dothi, mulinganize, mufetse ndi sipani yabwino, mugawire mbewuzo pansi.
- Kuti musunge wowonjezera kutentha, kuphimba ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera pamwamba.
Kukula paprika kuchokera pa chithunzi cha mbewu
- Mbeu zophukira zimatenga milungu ingapo. Munthawi imeneyi, sinthani kutentha kwa kutentha mkati mwa 22-24 ° C, perekani magetsi owala osunthika, opaka pansi panthaka, ndipo mpweya wabwino tsiku ndi tsiku kuti muchotse mpweya.
- Mphukira zikaonekera, chotsani pogona ndikukula pansi pazomwezi.
Zhiryanka kuchokera ku mbewu mbande
- Zomera zokhala pansi ziyenera kubzalidwa m'mipanda yosiyana.
Kufalitsa kwamasamba
Monga zinthu pofalitsa zipatso, masamba a zipatso nthawi yozizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pulogalamu yatsopano ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo angapo ndikubzala ngati mbewu zodziyimira pawokha, koma muzichita izi isanayambitse kasupe kukula. Mitundu ina yamafuta pamphepete mwa masamba amapanga ana (monga viviparous Kalanchoe).
Muzu wachitsulo ndi "ana" muzu osakaniza ndi mchenga-peat kapena mchenga woyera. Mudzafunikanso kupanga malo okhala chinyezi (chivundikiro pamwamba ndi mtsuko wagalasi kapena botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa), kutentha ndi kuyimiririka.
Zinthu Zikukula
Zhiryanka Pirouette Pinguicula 'Pirouette' chithunzi
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kuyatsa
Ubwino waukulu wa mayi wonenepa ndi kuthekera kokukula bwino mopepuka. M'malo mwake, kukula kwabwinobwino, pafupifupi maola atatu a maulamuliro tsiku lililonse zimamukwanira. Lolani mayi wonenepa kuti azilowa m'mayilo obiriwira a m'mawa kapena dzuwa lamadzulo nthawi iyi. Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji, dzuwa lamasana ndilowopsa. Komanso sichilola kuti pakhale mthunzi wamafuta, koma chimakula bwino.
Malo abwino ndi mazenera akum'mawa kapena kumadzulo, pawindo lakumwera mutha kuyika mphika ndi chomera mkati. Chikhalidwechi chimasinthana bwino ndi kuunikira kochita kupanga, komwe kumathandizira kuti chikule m'maluwa ndi mizere yokhala ndikuwunikiranso ndi nyali zapadera.
Zomwe mkazi wopanda mafuta sakonda ndikuthamangitsidwa komwe kumakhala ndi gawo lopepuka. Kuti muziyang'ana malo omwe mbewuyo imabzalidwa, mutha kupanga cholembera pamphika kuti musamachulukitse chomera. Kusintha kwa nyengo pazowunikira sikofunikira.
Mitundu yotentha
Chithunzi cha Guatemala Pinguicula Guatemala
Pakati pa mbewu zotetezeka, paprika amaonekera mwanjira yoti amatha kusintha bwino kutentha kwake wamba. M'nyengo yotentha, amakhala momasuka pamtunda wa kutentha kwa 25-25 ° C, nthawi yozizira - 15-18 ° C. Palibe chifukwa chokwanira kuperekera nyengo yachisanu yozizira, ndikokwanira kutsitsa pang'ono kutentha kwa mpweya pambuyo pakuwoneka masamba "ozizira". Kusiyanako kotentha sikuli koopsa, koma chizindikirocho sichikuyenera kugwera pansi pa 15 ° C. Mkhalidwe wokhawo - musaiwale kusinthasintha pang'ono mu kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku (chimodzimodzi ndi ma orchid, mwachitsanzo). Izi zimakomera nthawi yamaluwa, zimapindulitsa mapangidwe a masamba.
Kuletsa
Chofunikira china pakuyenda bwino kwa maluwa ndikuonetsetsa kuti pakupezeka mpweya wabwino. Onjezerani chipinda tsiku ndi tsiku osawopa kujambulidwa (komabe, osawerengera kutentha kwambiri chifukwa chakuwonekera kwampweya wozizira). M'nyengo yotentha, nyama yam'madzi yotentha kwambiri imatha kusunthidwa kumunda - kumakasakidwa ndipo mpweya watsopano umapezeka pafupipafupi.
Momwe mungasamalire mkazi wonenepa kunyumba
Zhiryanka kunyumba chithunzi
Momwe mungamwere
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nyama zonse zomwe zimadya nyama, nsomba yodya msuzi imafunikira madzi osungunuka. Ndizosangalatsa kuti imatha kuzindikira madzi amtundu wina. Munthu wokongola wamanyazi amatha kuthiriridwa ndi madzi amvula. Mwazowopsa, tithandizireni madzi apampopi, koma ndibwino kuti musafikeko, mwayi wowononga mbewu ndi wabwino.
Pa udzu wamafuta, kuthirira pansi kokha ndi koyenera (kudzera mu sump). Ngati madzi afika masamba, tsoka limatha. Madzi okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri nthawi zonse. M'nyengo yotentha, madzi pafupipafupi 1-2 pa sabata, nthawi yozizira - nthawi 1 pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono kwa mpweya, zomwe zimakhudza kuyanika kwa gawo lapansi.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Mpweya wouma umakhudza mkhalidwe wa mbewuyo. Zolondola, mulingo wa chinyezi uyenera kukhala 60-70%, koma 40% ndi yokwanira (ngati chizindikiro ichi ndichosasintha). Kukhalapo kwa zolembapo zomata pamasamba sikuloleza kupopera mankhwala butterwort, kusamba mu shawa kapena njira zina, kuphatikiza madontho amadzi pamapulogalamu ndi masamba. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha mlengalenga kumatheka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zopangira magetsi kapena zotulutsa mpweya zapadera. Mutha kuthanso mpweya mchipindacho, nthawi ndi nthawi muziika chidebe pamtengo wopopera ndi dongo lothira (dongo lokwera, miyala, moss). Njira yayikulu yosungitsira malo opanda chinyezi ndikukula m'dothi kapena maluwa.
Momwe mungadyetsere mtsikana wonenepa
Zhiryanka safunikira kuti ubzalidwe pansi pa muzu. Tizilombo ndi njira yokhayo yodyetsera. Nyengo yotentha, mmera umatha kuthana bwino ndi ntchito yokopa tizilombo - ikuthandizani kuti muchotse udzudzu ndi ntchentche m'nyumba. M'nyengo yozizira, zidutswa za zipatso zodulidwa zimatha kufalikira pafupi ndi chomeracho, chomwe pakupita nthawi chidzakopa Drosophila (midges yaying'ono). Kuchita izi ndikosankha, chifukwa zimawononga nyengo yamkati.
Kugulitsa girly
Momwe mungasinthire chithunzi cha mayi wamafuta
Kugulitsa mbewu zachinyamata (zosakwana zaka 3) kumachitika chaka chilichonse, ndiye - kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yodzaza kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (mpaka pakati pa Marichi), kuti mbewuyo imalimba pofika chilimwe. Mizu yake samakula kwambiri, dothi silinasefukira, koma maluwa abwinobwino amafunika malo.
Dothi
Monga dothi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapadera kuti mbewu zisatetezedwe. Mwa kukonza nthaka nokha - ikhale yovomerezeka, acidic reaction. Gawo lolumikizana ndi peat komanso kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zomasuka (perlite, mchenga wozungulira, vermiculite) ndiloyenera. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha peat yamahatchi, mchenga ndi sphagnum moss.
Momwe mungasinthire
Ndiosavuta kusala mkazi wonenepa:
- Timachotsa chomeracho limodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi pochotsera, ndikuchotsa gawo lapansi ndi mizu.
- Mu chidebe chatsopano chodzaza ndi gawo lapansi, timapanga kupsinjika kwakung'ono (kokwanira kukhalira ndi mizu).
- Ikani maluwa mosamala, sinthani gawo lawo ndikuonetsetsa kuti madzi ndi madzi osungunuka.
- Mukangodzula, ikani chomera pansi pazowunikira zowoneka bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pamakhala mpweya wambiri (gwiritsitsani pansi pa kapu kapu kapena kapu kuchokera m'botolo la pulasitiki lodula pafupifupi sabata).
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Zhiryanka kunyumba chithunzi
Ubwino wina wopanda mayi wopanda pake ndiwosavulaza tizirombo, amangokhala "chakudya" chake. Chidwi chokongola sichimalimbana ndi matenda.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pazosowa posamalira:
- Zhiryanka siliphuka chifukwa chosowa magetsi;
- Kuchulukitsanso dothi (makamaka kuphatikiza ndi kutentha pang'ono kwa mpweya) kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa puff. Muyenera kuti muchotse madera omwe akhudzidwa ndikuchita zodzaza mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zingakhudze mbewuyo mosavomerezeka. Osalola zochitika zotere, perekani kuthirira koyenera;
- Mukayatsidwa kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji, ndizotheka kuyaka - mawanga achikaso amawoneka pamasamba;
- Masamba owuma ndi makwinya - madzi osakwanira kapena chinyezi chochepa.
Ngati nthawi yozizira masamba ena afota, kenako nkufuna - osadandaula, iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe.
Mitundu ya mkazi wamafuta wokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mitundu ili ndi mitundu 65 yazomera. Zhiryanki ndi zomera zachilendo: zimakonda kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso kusintha kwa nyengo. Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutengera kwa anthu m'malo otentha - malo akuluakulu amapatsidwa malo otetezedwa.
Pazomera zam'nyumba, mitundu 5 ya paprika, wobadwa ku Central America, mwakula. Amasinthana bwino ndikukula kwa mphika komanso malo okhala.
Morsian Pinguicula moranensis
Chithunzi cha Moranian Pinguicula moranensis chithunzi
Mtunduwu udapezeka ku Mexico mu 1789, wopezekanso ku Guatemala. Monga amayi onenepa onse mu nthawi yakula amatulutsa masamba awiri. Chilimwe ndichachikulu komanso chowoneka bwino: Masamba a masamba amafika kutalika pafupifupi 13 cm, ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira bwino komanso osalala, amakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi achikasu obiriwira kapena burgundy. Masamba a malo otentha nthawi yachisanu siopitilira 3 cm, atakutidwa ndi nkhungu, yopanda timimba, masamba amatha kufikira mazana. Nthawi yamaluwa, imatulutsa mapesi 7 okhala ndi inflorescence imodzi yotalika masentimita 7, mthunzi wamaluwa ndi oyera kapena ofiirira.
Pali mitundu iwiri: ya Morana papilla yayikulu (Pinguicula moranensis var. Grandiflora) ndi papillaria Morana (Pinguicula moranensis var. Neovolcanica).
Roundworm Pinguicula cyclosecta
Chithunzi cha Roundworm fem Pinguicula cyclosecta chithunzi
Masamba osalaza otalika pafupifupi 3 cm amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette yosalala. Masamba amakonzedwa m'mizere ingapo, ngati kuti akukwera mosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga mbewu yokongoletsera. Tsamba lamasamba limakhala laimvi, m'mphepete mwa utoto wofiirira, womwe umakhala wolozeka pakati pa pepalalo. Pa duwa lokongola, duwa lomwe limakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 3 cm limayikidwa, chifukwa cha mtundu wofiirira womwewo umagwirizana ndi masamba.
Gypsum gypsum Pinguicula gypsicola
Gypsum gypsum Pinguicula gypsicola chithunzi
M'malo achilengedwe amasinthidwa kukhala ngati malo owuma. Amakhala m'mapiri a miyala (miyala yamiyala, malo okumbika) ku Mexico, opezeka ku Brazil. Mapale angapo amtundu wamitundu yosanja wokhala ndi maulalo ali pafupifupi 2 cm, atapangika mawonekedwe - tsamba lampangidwe limayambitsa mawonekedwe a hedgehog. Maonekedwe ndi ochepetsetsa, opanda pake kuposa oyimira ena amtunduwu. Maluwa okhala ndi mainchesi 2-2,5 masentimita amakhala ndi pinki ndi utoto wofiirira. Limamasula nthawi ya June mpaka Novembala. Posankha gawo lapansi liyenera kufikiridwa payekhapayekha: osakaniza azikhala ndi magawo ofanana a vermiculite ndi mchenga, popeza mtunduwu umamera pathanthwe la gypsum.
Alpine woopsa Pinguicula alpina
Alpine owopsa Pinguicula alpina chithunzi
Rasette yoyambira imapangidwa ndi mbale zosanjidwa ndi masamba a mawonekedwe obwezeretsanso ovoid omwe ali m'mphepete. Ndi mainchesi pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, amatalika masentimita 136. Masamba amakhala achikasu. Zoyendera zimathera ngati ma coroll oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa, pamlomo wapansi pamunsi pamakhala malo akuluakulu owoneka achikasu, kumalizitsa kutentha kwa kapangidwe kake. Calyx wamaliseche, corolla lobes atakwezedwa, analoza. Limamasula mu June ndi Julayi. Gulu la mapira a Alpine ndi mtundu wina wa ku Sibulosi wa ku Siberia komanso ku Europe, ndipo limapezeka m'malo okwera komanso kumpoto. Kuphatikiza pa carnivores, imalandira michere kudzera mu photosynthesis.
Pinguicula vulgaris wamba
Zhiryanka chithunzi wamba cha Pinguicula vulgaris
Yopanda pake, yopapatiza kumunsi masamba oyala sessile ndi mainchesi 2-4 mulifupi ndi masentimita 1-2. Ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wachikasu, monga mthunzi wowala. Mapeto a 15-17 cm kutalika kwamaluwa ofanana kwambiri ndi ma violets. Iwo akuwonekera, ndi mainchesi mpaka 3 cm, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Kukongola kokhala ngati chiwongola komanso chofiirira-chofiirira kumatsindika kukongola kwa mtengowo. Nthawi yamaluwa ili pakatikati pa chilimwe.
Zhiryanka Pinguicula grandiflora wokhala ndi maluwa akulu
Chithunzi chachikulu cha Zhiryanka Pinguicula grandiflora
Chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri chokulira m'nyumba. Kukongola kowopsa kumene kumabwera ndi sewero. Maluwa ndi akulu, opindika bwino, okhala ndi tinsalu tambiri tambiri, tinthu tosiyanasiyana tokhala ngati maluwa a aquilegia.
Mwanawankhosa wa Agnatha Pinguicula agnata
Chithunzi cha Mwanawankhosa cha Agnate Pinguicula agnata chithunzi
Mtundu wosakanizika, mawonekedwe ake omwe ndi mame akulu pamasamba. Ndizotchuka kwambiri m'maluwa amkati mwa maluwa chifukwa chokongoletsa bwino masamba omwe amawalira padzuwa ndi kuwala kwamatsenga. Mtundu wa masamba amatha kukhala ofiira, obiriwira, ofiirira.
Zothandiza mafuta
Kukongoletsa kwamaluwa kunyumba chithunzi
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za puffy zidadziwika kalekale. Kutulutsa masamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chifuwa, mphumu, chimfine. Mankhwala azoweta, mkazi wa gingerbread amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi.
Ku Scandinavia, masamba a puffy amagwiritsa ntchito mbale yapadera yotchedwa tetmyelk. Mapepala a ma sheet amangowonjezeredwa mkaka, kotero kuti amasandulika kukhala viscous misa - chithandizo choterocho.
