Kubzala nyemba zobiriwira panthakaNdi chikhalidwe chonga nyemba, ambiri akhala akudziwa kuyambira ubwana. Msuzi amaphika kuchokera pamenepo, kuwonjezera masaladi, stewed, ndi okonzeka. Nyemba ndi za banja la a Legume. Chimakula ngati mtundu kapena chomera chokwera. Mtundu wa zipatso umatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri.
Nyemba ndi zina mwazakudya khumi zathanzi kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zomwe zili pafupifupi 20% mapuloteni, ndizofanana ndi mphamvu yamafuta kwa nyama, kupezeka koyenera kwa chinthu kumapereka zinthu zofunikira pafupifupi mthupi lonse.
Ukadaulo wosavuta waulimi ndi kuzindikira mosamalitsa, kuthekera kopeza zipatso zochuluka komanso zopatsa thanzi - zonsezi zimakulimbikitsani kuti mutenge gawo la nyemba zanu patsamba lanu. Ngakhale wobzala novice amatha kupirira ndi nyemba zokulira. Nyemba zimalimidwa bwino ku Belarus, Ukraine, Moscow Region, ku Urals ngakhale ku Siberia.
Madeti obzala nyemba panthaka
Nyemba kubzala chithunzithunzi chithunzi
Nyemba ndi chomera cha thermophilic. Wabzalidwa kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Meyi, pomwe anaopseza chisanu chakutha. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri komwe mphukira zazing'ono zimatha kukhalamo ndi 0 ° C, at -1 ° C mphukira zimafa. Ngati kuzizira kunali kochepa, ndiye kuti zikumera zikhala ndi moyo, koma kutukuka kwake kumachepetsedwa, zomwe zimakhudza zokolola.
Kuphimba ndi filimu, agrotextile kapena kupanga malo ogona kwakanthawi kumathandizira kuteteza kukuchepetsa mwadzidzidzi kutentha, ngati njira - pangani moto usiku kuti utsi ugwire mpaka m'mawa, izi zikuthandizira kuchotsa kuzizira kwakanthawi kochepa.
Mukabzala nyemba, yang'anani ndi nyengo:
- Pakuya kwa masentimita 10, dothi liyenera kutenthetsedwa ndi 12-15 ° C (malinga ndi zomwe anthu amazindikira, izi zimangochitika nthawi yamaluwa).
- Kuyambitsa kufesa pang'ono m'mbuyomu (m'tsogolomu, izi zimakhala ndi phindu pa zokolola), dothi liyenera "kutenthetsedwa" pophimba ndi pulasitiki. Mutabzala mabedi, kuphimbaninso mpaka kutentha kwa usiku kufika +12 ° C.
Mitundu yokhayo iyenera kufesedwa choyamba, patatha sabata limodzi kufesani kupindika. Mitundu ya Shrub imalimbikitsidwa kuti ibzalidwe kumayambiriro kwa Julayi (nthawi yomweyo mabedi adzachokedwa mutatha kukolola masamba oyambirira).
Madeti obzala nyemba zapakati pamsewu ndi Moscow
Odziwa wamaluwa amachita kufesa magawo angapo. Kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Juni, mutha kubzala nyemba ndi masiku 10.
Madeti obzala nyemba ku Siberia ndi Urals
Mbewu zingabzalidwe panthaka koyambirira kwa June.
Kodi ndifunika kumawiritsa nyemba ndisanabzike?
Momwe mungawilitsire nyemba musanabzala ndi momwe mungakonzekerere
Mbewu zofesedwa nthawi yomweyo popanda kubzala mbande. Zilowetsani nyemba musanabzike, ganizirani mofatsa: Mbeu zakonzedwa zidzafunika kubzalidwe posachedwa, mosaganizira nyengo kapena zina zomwe zawonekera. Chifukwa chake, werengani nthawi yanu kuti musawononge mbewu pachabe. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zonyowa zimafunika kubzalidwe m'nthaka yonyowa, chifukwa popanda chinyezi, zikumera zimangofa. Chifukwa chake, mukabzala, thirirani zitsime ndikubzala nthangala zonyowa m'matope kapena madzi mutabzala.
Kuti tipeze mbande zoyambilira ndikuteteza mphukira zazing'ono kumatenda, ndikofunikira kuti musanalange mbewu musanabzale.
Chitani ndi chithandizo chamadzulo musanafese. Izi zimachitika m'magawo angapo:
- Kwa mphindi 10, ikani njira yofooka yapinki ya potaziyamu, kenako muzitsuka ndi madzi.
- Ndiye kwa 2 maola zilowerere nkhuni phulusa kulowetsedwa, nadzatsuka kachiwiri.
- Kukulunga mu nsalu yonyowa pokhalira kutentha ndikuchokapo mpaka m'mawa.
- Mukangofesa, viyikani mu njira ya boric acid kwa mphindi 5.
Mukamaganiza zothira nyemba musanabzike, lingalirani izi:
- Ngati mumabzala munthaka youma ndipo palibe madzi, ndi bwino kuti tisanyowe.
- Mvula ikangovumba posachedwa, ndipo mukutsimikiza kuti muli nayo nthawi yoti mubzale, mutha kuilungika osati kuthirira mukadzala.
- Zilowerere ndikofunikira ngati nthawi yachedwa, ndipo ndikufuna kuti mphukira zifulumire.
- Mukabzala madera akuluakulu m'munda, ndibwino kuti musanyowe, simudzakhala ndi nthawi yothirira madzi, ndipo mbewu zimatha kufa chifukwa chosowa chinyontho munthawi youma yokwanira.
Kusankha Malo Obzala Nyemba
Kuwala
Kuti mulime nyemba, sankhani malo abwino. Mphukira zazing'ono zachinyamata zimakonda izi. Nthawi zambiri nyemba zimafesedwa m'mphepete mwa mipanda, pansi pa mitengo ya apulo.
Kapangidwe ka dothi
Dothi loumbidwa limapindika chifukwa sililola kuti madzi ndi mpweya zizidutsa bwino, ndipo mizu yobzala siyilekerera kuzimiririka (imangovunda). Nthaka zomasuka zokhala ndi chosanjikiza chopatsa thanzi ndizoyenera bwino.
Zotsogola
Ganizirani mbewu zomwe zidalimidwa pamalowo. Zoyambira zazikulu ndi kaloti, mbatata, nkhaka, tsabola, tomato, ndi biringanya.
Kukonzekera malo obzala nyemba
Kukonzekera tsamba kumakhala kukumba mpaka kukuya kwa fosholo ndi kupangira chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira (pa 1 m²):
- Kompositi kapena humus (makilogalamu anayi), supuni ziwiri za superphosphate ndi ufa wa dolomite, supuni 1 ya ammonium nitrate.
- Pafupifupi 2 kg ya humus kapena kompositi, 30 g ya superphosphate, 20 g ya phulusa.
Chiwembu chodzala nyemba poyera komanso kuya kophatikizira
Chiwembu Chobzala Nyemba:
Kudzala chithunzi cha nyemba za chitsamba
Maenjewo amapangidwa motalikirana ndi 20-25 cm, mu mzere-spacings amasunga mtunda wa 40 cm, kuya kwa kubzala nyemba ndi 5-6 cm.
Kubzala Nyemba Zopindika:
Momwe mungabzalire chithunzi cha curly nyemba
Mwa mitundu yopingasa, mtunda pakati pa mizere uzikhala wa 45-50 cm. Afunika thandizo.
M'chitsime chilichonse, ikani njere zingapo (ma 5-6 ma PC), kuthira madzi ofunda. Mbewu zikaoneka ndikupereka tsamba limodzi lenileni, siyani masamba atatu m'dzenjemo (otsalawo akhoza kuwakhomera kapena kuwachotsa).
Ndondomeko yobzala zingwe kapena nyemba za katsitsumzukwa
Momwe mungabzale chithunzi cha nyemba za asparagus
Ndikothekanso kubzala nyemba zobiriwira, kapena mizere, m'mizere: kuya kwa mabowo kumakhala pafupifupi 5-6 masentimita, kutalikirana kwa mizere kumatsalira pakati pa 40-60 cm, 10 cm yokwanira pamzere pakati pa nyemba.
Momwe mungabzala nyemba m'mizere, yang'anani vidiyo iyi:
Njira yodzala nyemba zofotokozedwa pa kanema ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito munthawi yachilimwe komanso chikhalidwe chanu.
Kubzala pamodzi chimanga ndi nyemba
Kubzala chimanga ndi chithunzi cha chisamaliro
Nyemba zopindika nthawi zambiri zimamera ndi chimanga. Kubzala kumachitika pansi pa chopukutira: kupanga mabowo osaya mu wowaza, ndikumakoka nthaka mbali imodzi, kuponyera mbewu ziwiri za chimanga ndi mbewu ziwiri za nyemba, ikani bowo ndi phazi lanu ndikupita patsogolo. Mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi 0,7 m, mzere pakati pa mabowo - 30-40 cm.
Kusamalanso kwazomera ndikosavuta: Kupalira kwakanthawi, ngati kuli panjira. Ngati muli kunyumba, nthawi zina mutha kuthirira kuti mukolole zochuluka.
Kubzala nyemba zopotera pavidiyo:
Kodi ndikufunika kuthirira nyemba mutabzala
Mukabzala mu steppe, nyemba sizithirira madzi, ngati ndicholinga chaumwini, ndibwino kubzala nyemba mumatope ndikuwaza ndi yonyowa pokonza (musanabzale, kuthira madzi pang'ono m'maenje kapena mizere). Chifukwa chake kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi sikupangika pamwambapa, ndipo kumakhala kosavuta kuti kamnyamatako kakang'ono kutumphuka.
Nyemba zingati zamera
Kumera kwa mbewu kumathandizira chifukwa cha chithandizo cha mbewu ndikumakulitsa komanso kukulira.
Nyemba zosasinthika zimayamba kutuluka patatha masiku 7- 7 mutabzala. Ngati matenthedwe amlengalenga ndi nthaka ndi otsika kuposa momwe analimbikitsira, ndiye kuti mbewu zimamera nthawi yayitali kwa masiku 5-7.
Momwe mungasamalire nyemba panthaka
Nyemba zosamalidwa ndizosasamala, zimafunikira kuyesetsa kochepa kuchokera kwa munthu. Ndikofunika kumera mphukira zazing'ono kuti ziwathandize kukhazikika.
Momwe mungamwere
Chomera ndi chosakanirana. Ndikofunika kuti muzitha kuthirira nthawi zonse ngati mukufuna kupeza nyemba zambiri. Tchera khutu makamaka pamfundoyi pakupanga ma pod. Kutsirira kumachitika pafupifupi nthawi imodzi pa sabata, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa madzi a chitsamba "ndi diso", chinthu chachikulu ndikuletsa nthaka kuti isayime. Pothirira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osinthika ndi kutentha kwa 18 ° C. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kukhazikitsa mbiya m'munda kuti mutunge madzi amvula kapena kuteteza madzi ampopi.
Momwe mungadyetse
Nyemba nthawi zambiri sizidyetsedwa. Komabe, ukadaulo wambiri waulimi umakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mbewu yayikulu. Chikhalidwechi chimayankha pakudya, koma osachulukitsa. Kupanda kutero, nsonga zimakula mwachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa thumba losunga mazira.
Ngati mukusamalira kuyala zosanjazo nthawi yobzala, ndikokwanira kudyetsa katatu pachaka.
- Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika miyezi 1-1.5 patatuluka. Onjezani zovuta za feteleza wamamineral ndikutsimikizira nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Mutha kuwonjezera superphosphate (30-40 g pa 1 m²).
- Popanga zipatso, kuvala kwachiwiri kwapamwamba kuyenera kuchitika 3 milungu itatha yoyamba. Pipette 10-15 g wa potaziyamu mchere pa 1 m² wa malo.
- Kachitatu, amadyanso m'masabata ena atatu.
Chotsani udzu m'deralo pafupipafupi.
Mukathirira, mumasulani dothi pang'onopang'ono mozungulira.
Kanema wogwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula nyemba zamasamba:
Matenda a Nyemba ndi Tizilombo
Magwero a matenda ali ndi matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo, choncho mutaye pang'ono-kufota, amdima, amtundu wosagwirizana, okhala ndi madontho kapena mawanga achilendo) ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukuchita chithandizo chisanachitike. Sankhani mitundu ina yolimbana ndi (tidakambirana zaiwo kale). M'madera akumwera, fesani pambuyo pake kuti mbewu zitha kupanga kutentha pa 25 ° C. Komanso, gawo la nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ndizoyang'anira miyambo ya kusintha kwachikhalidwe (mu malo omwewo iwo amakula ndi nthawi pafupifupi zaka 4).
Matenda A nyemba:
Anthracnose pa nyemba
- Anthracnose - mbewu yonse yomwe masamba ndi zipatso ndi yokutidwa ndi dzimbiri.
- Powdery mildew - amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa whitish ating kuyanika.
- Ascochitosis - mawanga okhala ndi pakati wakuda ndi chithunzi chooneka bwino pa masamba. Kugonjetsedwa nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakupanga zipatso - mochedwa kuchitira.
- Dzimbiri - masamba adakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni omwe amadzaza msangawo, ndikuupha. Nthawi zambiri chimadutsa namsongole wamera. Ngati matendawa adayamba kale kutuluka maluwa, gwiritsirani ntchito 1% yankho la Bordeaux fluid.
- Kusintha ndi chikaso chokongoletsera - mbale zamatamba zimaphimbidwa ndimtundu wachikaso, zimakhala makwinya, mitengo ya kukula imachepa. Komabe, kachilomboka sikangakhudze zipatsozo.
- Kuyaka kwokhala ndi bakiteriya - m'mphepete mwa masamba nkuphimbidwa ndi mawanga achikasu, kenako amasintha chikaso ndikugwa. Matendawa amakula ndi chinyezi chambiri, choncho pewani kukonkha kuthilira.
Nyemba Tizilombo
Tizirombo sitivuta nthawi zambiri. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- Ma nsabwe
- Whitefly
- Nyemba kernel
- Tuluka
Kuphatikiza pa njira zodzitchinjiriza zomwe tafotokozazi, kukolola munthawi yake kumathandiza kuteteza nyemba ku tizirombo (musanayambe nyemba). Kupha tizirombo, muyenera kusunga nyemba mufiriji kwa masiku atatu.
Maluwa asanafike kapena atabereka, zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe zimatha kuthandizidwa.
Nyemba zimayambira ndipo masamba amatha kuthana ndi ma slgs. Ndikofunikira kuchita udzu munthawi yake, chifukwa gastropods ngati malo ozizira, onyowa. Izi tizirombo amatengedwa pamanja kapena gwiritsani ntchito misampha yapadera.
Nthawi yokolola
Madeti okolola amadalira mitundu ndi mitundu ya mbewu.
Osanenepetsa nyemba za m'madzi zopatsa thanzi m'munda - mu malo owuma, mtundu wa malonda umatayika.
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zipatsozo kuti musunge, zimatha kukololedwa pang'ono. Kusunga nyemba mu mawonekedwe owuma, muyenera kudikirira kuti zipse. Koma musachedwe kuti musakatule nyemba kuchokera pansi.
Kucha kumatha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana: pamithunzi ya nsonga zawo, thumba losunga mazira limakhalabe lobiriwira, ndipo kumapeto kwake, nyemba zosankhwatu kale. Chotsani chomaliza, siyani zotsalazo kuti zipse.
Sikoyenera kuchotsa nyemba pamatumba pamanja. Tengani thumba kapena tsekani bulangeti, ikani ma nyemba owuma bwino, mwakuchita modekha, pitani ndi ndodo kapena chinthu china. Chotsani mankhusu, ndikusintha nyemba, ziume ndikuzitumiza. Sungani m'mitsuko yamagalasi yokhala ndi chivindikiro choyenera (makamaka chimapangidwanso ndi galasi kapena chitsulo).
Zosiyanasiyana nyemba zokhala ndi chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Mtundu wobzalidwa kuti upeze mbewu ya nyemba ndi nyemba wamba (Phaseolus vulgaris). Mwa mitundu (yokwera kapena chitsamba), nyemba zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimakondedwa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasankha kusankha. Ganizirani magawikidwe ake potengera momwe mitundu ingakhalire mwadera lina.
Mitundu ya nyemba ku Ukraine, Belarus, Moscow dera
Nyemba zobiriwira Moscow zoyera zobiriwira 556 zithunzi
Tsamba loyera la Moscow 556 - limapanga tchire lakuya masentimita 25. Nyemba zimakutidwa ndi kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri kazikopa (limatupa msanga). Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi chilala komanso chinyezi chachikulu. Nthawi kuchokera kufesa mpaka kukhwima kwaukadaulo ndi masiku 100.
Chithunzi cha Haricot Curly Nomad
Nomad ndi mitundu yosuntha komanso kukhwima pakati. Nyemba zokhala ngati dzira, zimakhala ndi lingaliro la ooker lokhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Alibe ulusi ndi zikopa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kofewa komanso kofewa.
Zosiyanasiyana nyemba zamtundu wapakati ndi ma Urali
Orange - zitsamba zobzala 35-55 masentimita. Masamba okucha oyambirira (masiku 80-90). Zipatso zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukweza kwambiri. Kuyambira 1 m² mutha kukolola mkati mwa 200 g.
Pinki - zitsamba ma curls, zimayambira mpaka kutalika pafupifupi 3 m, zimafunikira chithandizo. Nyembazo zimakhala ndi mtundu wa pinki wopindika, wofowoka kapangidwe kake (ulusi ndi wosanjikiza kulibe). Universal pakugwiritsa (kukoma kwapadera kumasungidwa mwanjira iliyonse). Nthawi yakucha ndi masiku 65-85.
Mitundu ya nyemba ku Siberia
Nyemba zokumbira ndi chithunzi chofiyira cha Winner
Wopambana ndi mitundu yosanja. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, kutalika kwa nyemba zosanjikiza ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwabwino, kukana kuzizira, ndizotheka kukula ku Siberia. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi maluwa ofiira owala, chifukwa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa.
Chithunzi cha Haricot asparagus Mafuta mfumu
Mfumu yamafuta - nyemba za katsitsumzukwa, nthawi yakucha ndi miyezi 1.5. Zipatso zabwino zimakondweretsa ngakhale gourmet. Kutalika kwa nyemba zosanjikiza ndi pafupifupi masentimita 25. Kugwiritsira ntchito kuli konsekonse: kuzizira, kukhetsa, kukolola nyemba mu mawonekedwe owuma.
