Oimira banja lachinsinsi cha mabulosi amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Fikini, mtengo wa mphira, mtengo wa ng'ombe, chipatso cha mkate ndipo, pomalizira, mabulosi - onsewa ndi ochokera ku banja ili. Mitengo yayitali kwambiri yobiriwira komanso yopanda zipatso, zokwawa, mitundu yosatha ya herbaceous imakhala m'malo akuluakulu padziko lapansi. Madera akumwera komanso pakati pakati pa Russian Federation ndi CIS, mtengo wa mabulosi kapena zipatso zambiri umakhala wofala, zipatso zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chakudya, ndipo "mphutsi" za silkworm zimadyetsedwa ndi masamba, omwe cocoon awo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze ulusi wachilengedwe wachilengedwe. Ku Central Asia, mabulosi amtundu wotchedwa mabulosi otchedwa king-bulosi ndi mfumu-bulosi chifukwa cha mankhwala. M'mayiko a Central Asia ndi China, mabulosi amawuma kuti adzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo ndikupatsidwa chakudya kwa makolo okalamba kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi.
White Mabulosi (Morus alba).
Zambiri za michere mu mabulosi
Zipatso za mabulosi mumapangidwe awo zimapereka thanzi kwa okonda zipatso zokoma izi. Amakhala ndi glucose ndi fructose, organic acid. Mulinso mavitamini C, E, K, PP, mavitamini B komanso carotene. "Tebulo lokhazikika" limayimiridwa kwambiri mu zipatso. Ma macrocell angapo (calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi ena) ndi ma microelements (zinc, selenium, mkuwa, chitsulo) ndi gawo la chipatso cha mabulosi. King mabulosi ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri azakudya. Zomwe zili mu zipatso, ma antioxidants amphamvu kwambiri - carotene, vitamini C ndi E, selenium, amathandizira thupi lokalamba la matenda ambiri, ali ndi katundu wokonzanso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mabulosi pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala
Medical mankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito zipatso za mabulosi pa matenda a kuchepa magazi chifukwa cha gastritis (ndi acidity yayikulu). Mu wowerengeka mankhwala, mwatsopano madzi, decoctions, infusions ndi chida chofunikira pa matenda a tonsillitis, tonsillitis, stomatitis wa biliary thirakiti, m'mimba thirakiti, chibayo ndi bronchitis ndi chifuwa chosakhalitsa ndi matenda ena ambiri. Mabulosi a mabulosi mu mawonekedwe a decoction ndiye wamphamvu anthelmintic. Kulowetsedwa zipatso kumathandizira kutsokomola, ndi masamba - ndi matenda oopsa.
Zipatso za mabulosi.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Mabulosi ndi mtengo wofulumira, womwe umafikira 10-35 m kutalika ndi mizu yamphamvu yolimba. Chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachokera zaka 200-500. Amapanga korona wolimba. Masamba ndiosavuta kuyerekezera, kuleza, komanso makonzedwe otsatira potsatira mphukira zonse. Kwa zaka 4-6 zaka, amapanga zipatso. Zipatso zake ndi zomwe amadya, zomwe zikuyimiriridwa ndi zipatso za ma drupes obisika munthawi yayitali. Kutalika kwa zipatsozo ndi 2-5 cm, oyera, pinki, maluwa ofiirira. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kokoma komanso kowawasa, kotsekemera, kotsekemera-kokhala ndi fungo labwino. Pamadothi opepuka amapanga mizu yocheperako yomwe imalimbitsa nthaka.
Mabulosi akunyumba
Mabulosi (Morus, apa, mabulosi) amagawidwa mu mtundu wina, womwe umayimiriridwa ndi mitundu 20, koma pobereka kunyumba, mitundu iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri: mabulosi akuda ndi mabulosi oyera.
Zachilengedwe za mabulosi akuda
Malo akuluakulu ogawa mabulosi akuda amaonedwa ngati Afghanistan, Iran, Transcaucasia. Mitengo yayitali iyi (mpaka mita 15 yokhala ndi korona wakufalikira imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi za mafupa a bulauni). Nthambi zamuyaya ndizifupi, zambiri, zimapanga mphukira yaying'ono ya mphukira zazing'ono mkati mwa korona. Masamba masentimita 7 mpaka 15, wowoneka ngati dzira wokhala ndi mtima wozama wokhala pansi, wobiriwira wakuda, wachikopa. Pofuna kukhudza, masamba amakhala owuma kuchokera pamwamba, kunsi kwa phazi ndi kofewa. Mitengo yamaso ndi yopatsa chidwi. Zipatso za mtundu wofiirira wakuda kapena wakuda bii, wonyezimira, wokoma wowawasa.
Black Mabulosi (Morus nigra).
Zachilengedwe zokhala ndi mabulosi oyera
China imadziwika kuti ndi kwawo kwa mabulosi oyera, ngakhale imamera m'maiko onse aku Asia. Mabulosi oyera amayandikira kutalika kwa mamita 20. Mtundu wa khungwa la tsinde, mosiyana ndi mabulosi akuda, ndi bulawuni wokhala ndi ming'alu yambiri. Nthambi zazing'ono zimakhala zobiriwira, nthawi zina komanso zofiirira. Crohn ndi wandiweyani wochokera ku kuchuluka kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Masamba ofewa, udzu. Amasiyana maonekedwe. Masamba ndi osavuta kapena atatu kapena asanu olemedwa ndi mbali zolumikizidwa, okhala ndi manja awiri. Petioles amaphimbidwa ndi kufatsa kwapofatsa. Chapakatikati ndi nthawi yotentha, masamba amtundu wobiriwira, ndipo kumapeto - udzu wachikasu. Mitengo yampikisano, yopatsa chidwi. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri (mpaka 5.5 cm), zoyera, zofiira ndi zakuda, zotsekemera-zokoma.
White Mabulosi (Morus alba).
Mitundu ya Mabulosi
Zosiyanasiyana za mabulosi oyera zimakhala ndi zipatso osati zoyera zokha, komanso zofiira ndi zakuda. Chimodzi mwazinthu zoterezi za "Black Baroness" zimayamba kumayambiriro (June-Julayi) zokolola zazikulu za zipatso zokoma zonunkhira bwino. Ikupirira chisanu mwachidule mpaka -30 ° C.
Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa mabulosi akuda a kubzala kunyumba "Shelley No. 150" ndi chikhalidwe chokongoletsa bwino masamba. Zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa m'chigawo cha Poltava ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu, omwe pamodzi ndi petiole amatha kufika 0.5 m kukula. Zipatso mpaka 5.5 masentimita okhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu. Mtengo wachikulire umapanga zipatso pafupifupi 100 kg.
Zipatso za White Tenderness ndi mitundu ya Luganochka zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kakomedwe kake kodabwitsa. Zipatso zoyera ndi zonona za pinki mpaka 5.0-5.5 cm.
Kulima mabulosi
Kusankha malo okhala
Mabulosi ndi a zana limodzi. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha malo m'munda kuti zaka zambiri chikhalidwe chikulire ndikukula momasuka. Mitengo ya mabulosi imatha kutalika mpaka 30-30 m, koma malinga ndi nyengo yochepa ya chilimwe kapena nyumba ndizoyenera kupanga chikhalidwe, makamaka mkanjira yapakati, mwa mawonekedwe a chitsamba kapena mtengo wotsika (2-4 m). Chikhalidwe cha Photophilous, osafuna nthaka. Kapangidwe kamtundu wokhazikitsidwa bwino ndi mizu kumakonza dothi lamchenga, ndikupanga mizu yambiri yambiri yopanda mizu. Mabulosi, mosiyana ndi mbewu zambiri, amatha kumera pa dothi la saline osasokoneza mtundu wa zipatso ndi masamba (mabulosi oyera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa mbozi za silkworm. Simalola kuthirira kwamadzi.
Maluwa a mabulosi.
Kubzala mabulosi
Kunyumba, mitengo yokongola imakonda kubzalidwa kuti isakhale ndi malo ambiri, koma ngati dera lamalowo limalola, ndiye kuti chomera chamtunduwu chimabzalidwa pafupi - chachimuna ndi chachikazi. Ngati chikhalidwechi chimapangidwa ngati mtengo, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimayikidwa patali mamita 2.5-3,5 kuchokera kwina. Mitundu ya Shrub imabzalidwa pambuyo pa 0.5-1.0 m. Dzenje lokhazikika limakonzedwa mu kugwa. Kuya ndi kupingasa kwa dzenje pakugwa kwa 50x50x50 cm, kasupe akhoza kukulitsidwa ndikuzama pansi pa mizu ya mmera. Nthawi yabwino kubzala ndi masika, koma kum'mwera zigawo nazonso zimabzalidwa kumapeto. Nthaka yokumbayo imaphatikizidwa ndi manyowa kapena manyowa okhwima (ndowa 0,5), feteleza wa nitrophos kapena feteleza wa potaziyamu amawonjezeredwa (mabokosi 2 ofanana pambewu imodzi). Mizu ya mmera imayalidwa mosamala pa dothi la pansi pa dzenjelo ndikuphimbidwa ndi dothi lokonzekera. Samalani! Mizu ya mabulosi ndiyopanda chofufumimba, musawononge mukamayaza nthaka. Chidebe chamadzi chimathiridwa pansi pa chopondera ndipo dothi laphikidwa (peat, udzu, udzu wouma, zinthu zina).
Kuthirira
Mabulosi amafunika kuthirira mpaka zaka 4-5. Zomera zachikulire, zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yolowera kwambiri, zimadzipatsa madzi ndekha ndipo sizifunikira kuthirira kwapadera. Munthawi yayitali yachilala, kuti zipatso siziphwanyidwa, madzi okwanira 1-2 amachitika. Kutsirira kumachitika mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe ndikuyima mchaka chachiwiri cha Julayi. Ndikofunikira kuti mtengo wachichepere ukhale ndi nthawi yakucha chisanu chisanachitike, pomwepo chisanu chimayang'aniridwa pa mphukira zazing'ono pachaka.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kudyetsa ana m'minda ya mabulosi kumayamba ndi zaka 3. Kubzala mbande zazing'ono kumachitika ndi feteleza wakachilengedwe ndi mchere wothirira, kenako ndikumalowetsa mitengo kapena dothi lozungulira chitsamba. Mitundu ndi mitundu ya feteleza ndi yofanana ndi mbewu zina za m'munda.
Mabulosi papaki kwa iwo. Gorky, Odessa.
Kusintha korona ndi kukonzanso
Kuti mapangidwe a mabulosi azikhala ngati mtengo, siyani tsinde la 0.5-1.0 m, ndikudula mbali zonse za mphukira mpakautali. Korona amapangika ozungulira, monga mawonekedwe ambale kapena tsache, osapitirira 2-4 mamita kutalika. Kwa oyamba kulima, ndibwino kuitana katswiri kuti apange korona wa mabulosi.
Kupanga kutengulira ndikofunikira kuti muzichita mchaka cha masika musanatsegule, koma pa kutentha osati kutsika kuposa -10 * ะก. Kuchepetsa kukula motalika, chowombera chapakatikati chilichonse 2 chimafupikitsidwa ndi 1 / 3-1 / 4 kutalika. Ngati korona amawumbidwa ngati mpira, ndiye kuti nthambi zam'munsi zimatsalira zazifupi (kudula 1/3) kuposa zapakati (kudula 1/4). Ndipo kuyambira pakati pa mpira wamtsogolo mufupikitseni munjira yosinthira. Mukapanga chitsamba chokhala ndi korona ngati tsache, osatulutsa mphukira yapakati, koma pangani kudulira chimodzimodzi. Tchire nthawi zambiri limapangidwa kuchokera kumizu, kusiya masamba atatu olimba.
Kudulira mwaukhondo. Ngati kukula kwamtengoku kunalibe nthawi kuti zipse, amathanso kuchidula kapena kusiyira masika oyera.
Kuti mupeze mawonekedwe akulira, dulani nthambi zam'munsi komanso zotsalira zam'mphepete mwake (nthambi zidzagwada). Mukapanga mawonekedwe awa, kudulira kwamphamvu sikungawononge kukongoletsa kwa mtengowo, koma zokolola zidzatsika chifukwa chochepa kwambiri korona.
White mabulosi, mawonekedwe akulira.
Anti-kukalamba kudulira pa mabulosi amachitika pamene kuwaza zipatso ndi kuchepetsa lochuluka. Poterepa, nthambi zonse zimafupikitsidwa kutalika (pafupifupi 1/3), zimadulira korona, kudula nthambi (1-2).
Kufalitsa mabulosi
Mabulosi akufalikira ndi mbewu, mosavelly (muzu wamphukira ndi magawo), wobiriwira odulidwa, Ankalumikiza.
Kunyumba, zimakhala bwino kwambiri kufalitsa mabulosi mwamafuta, kupatulira mphukira zazing'ono ku mayi chomera. Kummwera, kufalitsa ndi mphukira kumathanso kuchitika m'dzinja. Kutentha nthawi yayitali kumathandiza kuti mwana wakeyo azikale bwino.
Pogwiritsa ntchito pamtengo umodzi mutha kupanga mbeu ya melange. Zosakhala bwino kukhala mtengo wokhala ndi zipatso zoyera, zofiirira, zakuda, ndi ma pinki.
Kututa
Mabulosi a mabulosi amapsa pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti zosonkhanazi zimabwerezedwa kangapo. Kukolola mwanzeru pamanja kapena kuyala filimu pansi pa korona ndikugwedeza zipatso zakupsa. Zokolola, kutengera mitundu, zimakhwima kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
Zipatso zakuda Mabulosi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mabulosi popanga
M'misewu yamizinda, m'mapaki ndi malo obiriwira a malo osangalalira, mabulosi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo aokha ndi m'magulu a magulu, momwe mumakhala mipanda. Pobzala m'magulu, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito piramidi, ndikulira kuti azikongoletsa njira ndi kupumira ngodya. Nthambi zokhala ndi masamba akulu ndi zipatso zomwe zimagwera pansi zimakongoletsa modabwitsa. Mitengo imasunganso kukongoletsa kwawo nthawi yozizira, modabwitsa ndi luso lopendekera mwaluso la nthambi zakale ndi zazing'ono. Kwa ogwira ntchito m'mapaki, mitengo yotsika yokhala ndi korona woyambira yagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwapa.
Chidwi ndi Mabulosi
- Bulosi wakale kwambiri amakula m'nyumba ya amonke pachilumba cha Brittany. Korona wa mtengo wazaka 200 ali ndi malo oposa 600 sq.m.
- Ku St. Petersburg, kubzala koyamba kwa mabulosi kumapezeka chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kuchokera pobzala, mtengo umodzi 1 udasungidwa, womwe zaka zake ndizoposa zaka 100.
- M'munda wa botanical wa Kiev kumera mitengo ya mabulosi, yomwe idabzalidwa ndi Peter the Great.
- Matabwa a mabulosi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoimbira.
- Chaka chilichonse, amachita phwando la siliva ku Kupro. Mbozi yapadera, yakhungu komanso yosatha kuwuluka, imalemekezedwa kwambiri komanso kulemekezedwa ndi anthu aku Kupro chifukwa chokhoza kupanga ulusi wa silika.
- Khowe la silika m'mwezi umodzi limakulitsa nthawi 10,000, ngakhale limachulukana kanayi panthawiyi.
Chimbudzi cha silkworm pa mabulosi akuda.
- Kuti mupeze 1 kg ya silika yaiwisi, ma silkorm masauzande 5.5 amafunika kudyetsedwa pafupifupi masamba ofunda a mabulosi oyera.
- Kwa masiku 3-4, kachungubwi kamanga coco chake kuchokera pa ulusi wa silika 600- 900 m. Kuti apange 1 mita ya silika yachilengedwe, cocoon 2.8-3.3 chikwi amafunikira.
- Mayeso adapeza kuti zigawo 16 za silika yachilengedwe zimapilira chipolopolo kuchokera ku Magnum 357 okhala ndi chotsogoza.
