Malva (Malva) - chomera cha herbaceous, chomwe chimadziwika kuti mallow kapena Kalachik. Mwa mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya maluwa amenewa ndi mitundu ya pachaka, yakale komanso yosatha, ambiri a iwo amatha kupezeka m'malo otentha kwambiri m'maiko angapo nthawi imodzi - ku Europe, Asia, America ndi Africa. Mitundu yazikhalidwe zodziwika bwino ndi mallow "Sudan", "Wrinkled", "Pachaka", "Musk", "Hybrid".
Kufotokozera kwa Maluwa a Mallow
M'dziko lathu, mitundu yotchuka komanso yotchuka kwambiri ndi "Msango" wamalow. Zowoneka mosiyana ndi mtunduwu ndi thunthu lalitali wowongoka (lophatikizika ndi sentimita), masentimita 30 mpaka 120, masamba owoneka ngati mtima wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi maluwa owoneka ndi belu okhala ndi mainchesi opitilira masentimita 12 a utoto wofiirira. Mizu imafotokozedwa ngati muzu wautali, wophukira womwe umalowera pansi. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala nthawi yonse yotentha, pambuyo pake zipatsozo zimacha pamimba ndi mbewu zambiri, zomwe zimamera kwambiri kwa zaka 2-3 mutatha kukolola. Makhalidwe a mallow amaphatikizaponso kudzala ndi kulima, kukana chisanu ndi chilala.
Kukula mallow kuchokera ku mbewu
Mukadzala mallow
Kuyamba kwa maluwa kutengera nthawi yakubzala mbewu. Mutha kufesa mbewuzo pansipo, komanso mbande. Munjira yoyamba, mbewu zimafesedwa theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Panyengo yachilimwe, mbande zimamera bwino, ndikupanga rosette wamasamba, koma osakhala ndi nthawi yophuka. Ndi maluwa ake owala - mabelu, mallow amasangalala lokha nyengo yotsatira.
Mbande izitha kupatsa maluwa oyamba m'miyezi ikubwerayi. Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa mu Januwale kapena February. Njira yachiwiri ndi yodalirika komanso yothandiza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mallow - pachaka, kwa zaka ziwiri komanso zakale. Mbewu za pachaka zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe mu Januware, ndikuziyika kumalo osatha zimachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi. Potere, mallow imaphukira mozungulira pakati pa Julayi. Mitundu yotsalayo ndiyabwino kubzala kokha kumapeto kwa masika, ndikuikanso - kumapeto kwa chirimwe kapena koyambirira kwa dzinja.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Mbewu ikhoza kugulidwa pamalo ogulitsira apadera kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha. Zaka za mbewu siziyenera kupitirira zaka ziwiri. M'chaka chachitatu mutakolola, mbewu zimawonetsa kumera kwambiri. Asanabzike, amathira m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi madigiri makumi anayi ndi asanu kwa maola khumi ndi awiri. Njira yamadzi yotereyi imachepetsa chipolopolo cha mbewuyo ndikuthandizira kumera.
Mallow mbande
Mallow mbande bwino anali wamkulu peat miphika. Izi ndizofunikira kusunga umphumphu wa mizu yaying'ono yamalowo posinthanitsa m'tsogolo.
Mitengo yabwino kutentha kwa kumera kwa mbeu - 18-22 madigiri. Ndi izi, mawonekedwe abwinobwino a mbande adzachitika masiku 10-15. Pakamera nthanga mu bokosi wamba lobzala, mbewu zazing'ono zimayenera kulowa pansi tsamba lachitatu lonse litawonekera. Pambuyo kupatulira pakati pa ikamatera, mtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita atatu uyenera kusamalidwa.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuumitsa mbande zokulira ndi kulimba musanadzale poyera mkati mwa sabata limodzi. Kuti muchite izi, imatengedwa tsiku lililonse kupita kumalo oyera kwa maola 4-5. Pamabedi a maluwa otseguka, mbande zibzalidwe ndi miphika ya peat kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa June.
Kubzala mallow
Tsambalo likuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa phiri, koma litetezedwe ku mphepo komanso kuwongolera mwadzidzidzi. Malo oterowo atha kukhala palinga kapena mpanda, omwe nthawi yomweyo amakhala ngati othandizira mbewu. Mallow amakonda dzuwa lotseguka, ndipo mumthunzi ndi mawonekedwe ake, mtundu wa maluwa ake udzakhala wofiyira, ndipo kukula kwake kudzakhala kotsika. Madera a m'munsi sadzagwira ntchito, chifukwa madzi osayenda amatsogolera pakuwoneka ngati mizu. Mallow amakonda nthaka yachonde komanso yopatsa thanzi.
Mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi, mbande zamtundu wa chaka ndi chaka zimabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika, osatha ndi michere yamitundu yosiyanasiyana amasinthidwa kuti ikangotseguka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Mbewu zamtundu wazaka ziwiri zimabzalidwa pabedi lamaluwa lotseguka mkatikati mwa masika, pomwe sipakuwopsezanso kuzizira kwambiri kwausiku. Kuzama kwakamatera - masentimita 2-3. M'dzenje lirilonse lobzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mbewu zitatu. Mtunda pakati pa ma landings ndi 30 30 cm. Mbewu zimakonkhedwa ndi dothi, mopepuka yaying'ono ndi kuthirira.
Ngati pali kuwopsa pang'ono kwa kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira usiku, ndiye muyenera kusamala ndikusunga kanyumba usiku (mwachitsanzo, polyethylene). Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, mbande zimatuluka. Masamba 3-4 akapangidwa pa aliyense wa iwo, kupatulira kumalimbikitsidwa. M'dzenje lililonse lobzala, ndikofunikira kusiya chomera chimodzi chokhacho, champhamvu komanso champhamvu kwambiri.
Chisamaliro chakunja
Mall yosasinthika komanso yopanda chidwi sizifunikira chisamaliro chovuta kapena chapadera.
Kutsirira kumachitika pang'ono, koma pafupipafupi. Zimafunikira makamaka pakakhala nthawi yayitali yopanda mpweya komanso miyezi yowuma. Kusamalira dothi kumapangitsa kuti dothi lisungidwe pafupi ndi mbewu zokha.
Kudyetsa kumalimbikitsidwa pakapangidwa masamba. Pakadali pano, mbewu zimafunikira feteleza wama mineral omwe ali ndi nitrogen yambiri.
Garter ndiyofunikira pamtunda wamtali ndi mitundu, yomwe pamphepo yamphamvu komanso yolimba imatha kuwonongeka. Monga chithandizo chodalirika, mpanda umatha kuchita zomwe wabzala kapena ungayendetse mitengo yayitali yamatabwa.
Kudulira maluwa osokonekera kuyenera kuchitika munthawi yake komanso pafupipafupi, popeza kuchuluka kwamaluwa ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe cha herbaceous zimatengera izi. Kudula mitengo ya maluwa pambuyo maluwa kumachitika kuti mbewu zisakhale ndi nthawi yopanga nthanga. Mwanjira imeneyi, chikhalidwe cha pachaka chimakhala chosatha.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, nthawi yamaluwa pamapeto pa chimaliziro imatha, chomera cha herbaceous chimadulidwa kwathunthu mpaka nthaka, ndipo mulching wosanjikiza umayikidwa pamwamba. Humus kapena kompositi sizingokhala mulch komanso chakudya chochulukirapo. Pa mita lalikulu lililonse, makilogalamu 3-4 a feteleza wachilengedwe amafunika. Zomera zonse za mallow nthawi yachisanu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi udzu. Masamba owola kapena nthambi zamtengo wapatali.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mukabzala mallow pafupi ndi mpanda wazitsulo, chikhalidwecho chimatha kusokonekera. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi mawanga pamasamba okhala ndi tint yofiirira yakuda. Mapepala oterowo amafunika kuchotsedwa mwachangu.
Powdery mildew imawonongedwa ndi fungicides. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitola zokoleza pamanja, ndikuyika mabotolo ndi mowa, omwe adzadye nawo.
Mphamvu zamachiritso a mallow
Mankhwala achikhalidwe, mallow watchuka ndi ntchito zake zothandiza komanso kuchiritsa. M'mayiko ambiri, tincture ndi zitsamba, malo osambira otentha ndi mafuta odzola, ma compress ndi decoctions zochokera maluwa ndi masamba a mallow amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zomera zimathandizira thupi pochiza matenda ambiri:
- Matenda a matumbo komanso mavuto ndi zida zam'mimba zonse (kulowetsedwa kwa masamba ndi maluwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito);
- Kutupa kwa ndulu (mbali zina za chomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito);
- Kuzizira, chifuwa (mankhwala azitsamba, mitengo ya m'mawere);
- Matenda apakhungu, totupa yoyipa, zilonda zazitali zosachiritsa (decoctions, lotions, compress);
- Kubwezeretsa kwa epidermis mu cosmetology, njira zokhudzana ndi chitetezo zokhudzana ndi thanzi la khungu la nkhope ndi khosi;
Kuphatikizika kwa maluwa a mallow kumakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira - vitamini C, sucrose, carotene, komanso ntchofu, zomwe zimathandiza kubwezeretsa khungu komanso kuchiritsa mabala. Chomera ichi sichikhala ndi zotsutsana, zotsatira zoyipa mukamagwiritsa ntchito zitsamba sizinadziwike. Tiyi yozikidwa pamaluwa imathandizira kuchotsa ntchofu m'thupi, imakhala yotsutsa komanso yotupa, imalimbitsanso chitetezo chathupi komanso imapereka mphamvu.
