Ndi nthawi yophukira, gawo la masamba akhama layandikira kumaliza m'munda wamphesa. Kubzala mphesa nthawi yophukira kumathandiza kuti tchire lopanga zipatso lithe, kubwezeretsanso nkhokwe zam'madzi ndikukonzekera nyengo yayitali. Zokwanira zokwanira zimapereka zokolola zazapamwamba zambiri mu nyengo yotsatira.
Zomwe zimapatsa kuvala kwapamwamba kwa yophukira kwa mphesa
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu ndikusintha koyenera kwa kusintha kwa kutentha nyengo yachisanu kumadalira kukhalapo mu chikhalidwe cha kupezeka kwakofunikira kwa michere ndi kufufuza zinthu.
Minda yambiri yamphesa imatsimikiza kuti organic imapangitsa zipatso kukhala zopatsa thanzi.
Ubwino wovala nthawi yophukira:
- kuchuluka kwa madzi osungunuka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotsatira kumapereka zitsamba ndizokwanira;
- nyengo ya kukula imayamba munthawi yake ndipo imayenda bwino;
- kumasulira kwina dothi m'njira yothira feteleza bwino kumakhudza mizu ya chomera;
- pali kusintha kwa kupuma kwa nthaka ndikuchepera kwambiri pangozi yotenga matenda kapena microflora ya pathogenic m'mundamo.
Ubwino waukulu wovala zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri za nyundo ndi kuti chikhalidwe cha mabulosi chimakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera nyengo yozizira, ndipo feteleza omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito amakhala atasungunuka kwathunthu ndikuphatikizidwa mu dothi.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wambiri kumakhala kovulaza kumunda wamphesa kuposa kusowa kwa zakudya.
Zinthu za feteleza wachichepere ndi wakale
Tchire tating'ono pa nthawi ya kukula ndikumatha kukula kofunikira mlengalenga, kotero mbewuyo imafunikira chakudya chochuluka. Kupangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumathandizira tchire kukhala ndi mphamvu kuti lithe kuchira pambuyo polima zipatso nthawi yayitali. Mukugwa, wakale komanso woleka kubala zipatso zamitengo sikuti zimangodyetsedwa zokha, komanso kumalumikizidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera zokolola ndikupanga bwino zipatso zamtsogolo.
Kusunga nthawi ndi pafupipafupi mavalidwe apamwamba
Mavalidwe apamwamba pamunda wa mpesa nthawi yozizira ndi koyenera pokhapokha ngati nthawi ya umuna ikulemekezedwa, koma kwakukulu, nthawi yothira feteleza imadalira mitundu ndi nyengo, zomwe zimasiyana chaka chilichonse:
- kuvala pamwamba pa zipatso zakupsa mochedwa kumachitika m'zaka khumi zoyambira (kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala);
- kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yakucha yakuyamba mu Ogasiti-Seputembala kumachepetsa chiopsezo chowonongeka cha chikhalidwe cha mabulosi a LMR ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda;
- mutakolola, mitengo ya mphesa imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa potashi, yemwe amakulitsa kwambiri nyengo ya dzinja;
- kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi yomweyo nthawi yophukira isanadulidwe, nyengo yadzuwa ndi yopanda bata;
- feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito kumpoto mwezi wa Ogasiti, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa mpesa ku Central Federal District mu Seputembala, komanso kum'mwera kumapeto kwa Okutobala;
- kuvala pamwamba kwambiri kwanthawi yayitali kumakonzedwa pachaka kokha pamtunda wamchenga.
- dothi lochenga limadyetsedwa mchaka, ndipo panthaka zadongo, minda yamphesa imayenera kudyetsedwa zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muganizire kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza yomwe imayambitsidwa nthawi yophukira pansi pa tchire la zipatso. Zakudya zina sizimapangidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mabulosi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
Tchati Chophatikiza Chidodzo
Ambiri omwe amapanga viniga wosakaniza ma organics ndi "chemistry"
Pakatha zaka zitatu zilizonse kugwa, mpesa uyenera kudyetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito manyowa, phulusa lamatabwa wamba, ammonium sulfate ndi superphosphate. Kupanga koteroko kumagawidwanso panthaka, pambuyo pake kukumba mozama kumachitika, ndipo maimidwe onse a mandimu amayambitsidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Mitundu ya feteleza, kukonzekera kwawo koyenera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
Mwa mavalidwe apamwamba a yophukira ya mphesa, mosasamala feteleza wosankhidwa, muyenera kumapanganso mapangidwe ake
Pamaso povala pamwamba nthawi yophukira, ndikofunikira kulipira chidwi cha chikhalidwe cha mabulosi ndi zaka zake, komanso kapangidwe ka nthaka. Kusankha koyenera kwa mtundu wa feteleza kumatengera izi. Kufikira kofulumira kwambiri mu mizu kumaperekedwa ndi kuthirira, ndipo kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa feteleza kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa dzenje poyikira kupangidwira kuya kwa pafupifupi mita kotala.
Kudyetsa Zamoyo
Manyowa amasula pansi, kukonza mpweya ndi madzi kufikira mizu
Zamoyo zimakonda kukhala mwachangu komanso mosavuta ndi chikhalidwe cha mabulosi, ndichifukwa chake ambiri omwe amapanga vinyo amakonda mtundu wa feteleza.
Malamulo komanso pafupipafupi umuna
| Chonde dzina | Mfundo yogwira ntchito | Chiwerengero cha odyetsa / miyambo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito |
| Ndowera mbalame | Feteleza wachilengedwe wofunikira - ali ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi magnesium, motero, imabwezeretsa phindu la dothi, limafanana ndi feteleza wopangidwa mwaluso ndipo atha kusintha magawo ena odula | Kamodzi / masabata angapo asanavalidwe, 1 litre ya zinyalala imatsitsidwa ndi malita 4 a madzi. Malita 10 a madzi amawonjezeredwa patsiku. 500 g yothetsera imathiridwa pansi pa chitsamba |
| Phulusa | Ndi gwero la potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium ndi sodium, ndibwino kudyetsa nthaka yachilengedwe kapena yosalowerera, imathandizira pakukonzekera chomera cha mabulosi nthawi yachisanu yozizira | Phulusa la nkhuni / 300 g limalowetsedwa mu 10 l lamadzi, ndikuthiridwa kwa masiku 3-4 ndikuthira pamiyala kuzungulira tsinde la mabulosi |
| Manyowa amphaka | Imakonzanso mawonekedwe a nthaka, imapangitsa nthaka kuthiridwa ndimadzi ndi kupumira, imathandizira kubwezeretsa microflora yopindulitsa | Kamodzi / manyowa a mahatchi ndi nkhosa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa loams ndi dothi lina lolemera, ndipo manyowa a ng'ombe ndi a nkhumba amabweretsedwa mu dothi lamchenga |
| Yisiti | Mogwira ntchito mwachangu komanso mwachangu malo a microflora yopindulitsa m'nthaka | Kawiri ndi pakadutsa masabata awiri / 100 g ya yisiti imayikidwa mumtsuko wamadzi ofunda ndikuthiridwa kwa tsiku limodzi. Kumwa ndi 2 malita pachomera chilichonse |
| Vitriol wabuluu | Mankhwala ali kutchulidwa fungicidal ndi biocidal kwenikweni. | Kamodzi / imagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zilizonse za 3-5 pamlingo wa 1 g pa chitsamba chachikulu cha mphesa |
Feteleza
Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yophukira ya zomerazi zomwe zimakhala ndi michere yambiri: "Matope", "Kemira", "Florovit"
Kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta opangidwa ndi michere yokonzedwa bwino yopangira zakudya zophukira bwino kumathandizira kupatsa minda yamphesa zakudya zofunikira. Maminolo ocheperako omwe amapezeka mosavuta kupanga chomera, amakhudza nthawi yake yozizira.
Malamulo a feteleza komanso pafupipafupi
| Chonde dzina | Mfundo yogwira ntchito | Chiwerengero cha odyetsa / miyambo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito |
| Phosphorite ufa | Feteleza wachilengedwe, wogwira pamtunda wa acidic, amathandizira kupanga mizu ndikuyambitsa kukula kwa nthaka | Kamodzi. Amayikiridwa pakuya kwa 20-25 cm pamlingo wa 200-300 g pa mita lalikulu. m |
| Ufa ndi granular iwiri kapena wamba superphosphate | Kuphatikizika sikumadzetsa kukula kwa msipu wobiriwira, kumapangitsa kuti nyengo yachisanu ikhale yozizira, kumapereka maluwa ambiri komanso zipatso | Kamodzi. 20 tbsp. l 3 L madzi otentha amathiriridwa, pambuyo pake 150 ml ya osakaniza oyambira amatsitsidwa mu 10 l a madzi ozizira. Kumwa ndi ½ chidebe pach chitsamba chilichonse |
| Potaziyamu phosphate zikuchokera | Imathandizira kuphukira kwa mphukira isanayambe chisanu, kumathandizira mbewuyo kuti ichitike | Kamodzi. Kufika 20-25 masentimita kuchokera kuwerengera 20-30 g wa potaziyamu sulfate ndi 30-40 g ya superphosphate |
| Azofoska (nitroammofoska) | Zochitazo zikufanana ndi ufa kapena superphosphate wamba | Kamodzi. Munthaka youma imabalalika pansi pa tchire pamlingo wa 50-60 g pa chomera chilichonse |
| Nitrophoska | Feteleza zovuta kuphatikiza zovuta za NPK, zotengeka mosavuta ndi mbeu | Kamodzi. 2 tbsp. l feteleza pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi, yoyika muzu |
| Bishal | Kavalidwe kotsika mtengo kakapangidwe kamene kamalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewuyo ndikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu | Kawiri pa nyengo ndi masabata awiri. Chovala chapamwamba cha Foliar chimachitika ndi yankho lotengera 150 ml pa malita 10 a madzi |
| Novofert | Manyowa osungunuka am'madzi omwe amathandiza mbewu kuti izitha kusintha zinthu zina zakunja | Kamodzi. Kuvala kwapamwamba pamasamba kapena pansi pa muzu kumachitika ndi 10 g ya mankhwalawa pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi |
Kanema: momwe mungadyetse bwino mphesa
Ndemanga za anthu okhala mu chirimwe za zosankha zodyetsa mphesa m'dzinja
Mphesa zimafunikira humus, ndipo samalani ndi feteleza wamafuta. Mphesa si mbatata osati tomato.
master53
//www.vinograd777.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=112
Ngati munabzala dothi bwino mukabzala mmera, ndiye kuti pazaka 3 zoyambira zoyambira sizofunikira.
ndodo yokuta
//www.vinograd777.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=112
M'masiku khumi oyamba a Seputembala, ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira kufulumira kusasitsa mpesa. Chaka chino, ndapeza Bui potaziyamu monophosphate, njira yabwino. Ndipo mu Okutobala - pansi pa muzu wa superphosphate. Zonse ndi nthawi yophukira.
Kamyshanin
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=7314
Ndikukuuzani momwe ndimalimbitsira mphesa, sindingawerengere pakuchotsa michere - ndizichita ndi maso, m'dzinja ndimapereka superphosphate ku boreholes kuzungulira tsinde, kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndimapangira migolo iwiri ya malita 200 pakulowetsa kamodzi kwa nkhuku.
sergey 54
//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=2383.0
M'minda yamphesa yaying'ono, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizobiriwira pamwamba. Chifukwa chaichi, kukolola, vetch, oats, nandolo kapena lupins amafesedwa pafupi ndi mabulosi. Mbewu zisanapangidwe, mbande zomwe zimamera nthawi yozizira isanazimbidwe mosamala, zomwe zimapangitsa dothi kukhala lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi, komanso limapereka zokolola zambiri nyengo yamawa.
