Chida chomwe chili mdziko muno kapena dimba la ulimi wothirira ndichimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopezera mbewu yabwino. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yothirira ndikufotokozera dongosolo lochotsa chinyezi pansi pazu uliwonse wa chitsamba. Wamaluwa, wopanda ndalama, wogulira makina othirira, komanso amisiri oundana amapangitsa kuti madzi azithirira kuchokera m'manja mwa zinthu zabwino.
Momwe mungapangire kuthirira kwa dontho kuchokera pazinthu zomwe mwapanga nokha
Zopangira pulasitiki zakuda, zomwe zimakhala ndi chilimwe kwambiri pachimake chilichonse cha pabanja, ndizofunikira pomanga dongosolo losavuta lothirira DIY.
Njira 1
Timatulutsa kabowo kakang'ono pakati pa mabedi ndikuyika botolo la pulasitiki 1- kapena 2 pamenepo. Mu cork yomwe ili pamwamba, timapanga mabowo kuti mpweya uzituluka. Timaboweka timabowo tosakhazikika m'mphepete mwa chidebe kuti chinyezi kuchokera pa botolo chifikire mizu ya mbewu zapafupi.
Zomera zomwe zili kutali ndi botolo, mutha kupereka mwayi wamadzi kudzera m'matumba owonjezera omwe adayikidwa potsegulira botolo.
Njira yachiwiri
Timakhazikitsa zogwirizira mbali zonse za kama. Mtengo umayikidwa pazinthu zokuthandizira, pomwe mabotolo amadzi amayimitsidwa. Malo otseguka ang'onoang'ono amabooleredwa m'matumbo kuti akathiritse madzi mumtsinje womwe unaikidwa pathanthwe. Njira ina: mabotolo amakhomedwa pansi. Madzi ofunikira amayenda kumizu kudzera m'mabowo opyapyala mu chivundikirocho kapena kudzera m'miyala yoyeretsedwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zitsulo zomwe zayikidwamo.
Musanagwiritse ntchito, mabotolo amatsukidwa ndi zolemba, kutsukidwa bwino ndikuwuma.
Nambala yachitatu 3
Kuleza mtima pang'ono ndi luso ndikofunikira kuti apange dongosolo lothirira madzi akumwa ndi manja anu kuchokera kwa omwe adasiya mankhwala.
Izi zikufunika:
- hoses zopangidwa ndi mphira kapena mipope yopangidwa ndi polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride;
- kulumikizana ndi ma adapter, zokhazikika, ma tees, zisoti zomaliza;
- amagwiritsa ntchito oponya mankhwala kuchipatala.
Kutola dongosolo la kuthirira malinga ndi dongosolo lomwe linapangidwa kale:
- ma hoses (mapaipi) amayala;
- kudzera ma adapter, amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake komanso ndi kasupe wamadzi.
- m'mphepete timayika mapesi.
- mumiyala (mapaipi) moyang'anizana ndi chomera chilichonse mothandizidwa ndi awl timapanga timabowo ting'onoting'ono komwe timayala zolimba kumapeto kwa pulasitiki. Pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu, sinthani kuthamanga kwamadzi.
Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito ndi nyengo iliyonse yotsatira, dongosolo lonse liyenera kuzunzidwa bwino. Mabowo anu ochepa mu ulimi wothirira amatha. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa fyuluta ya kuyeretsa bwino madzi akalowa.
Anthu okhala pachilimwe adaphunzira kupanga zosefera zakunyumba zakunyumba ndi manja awo pogwiritsa ntchito masokosi a nayiloni kapena matayala. Chotengera chopanda pulasitiki chomwe munasungidamo mankhwalawo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga. Ma machubu olumikiza amamangiriridwa mwamphamvu kwa iwo, amaikidwa pakhomo lolowera kuthirira. Zinthu za nayoni zimayikidwa mumtsuko wa pulasitiki, womwe umapotoza chivindikiro. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zomwe zimakhala ndi masikono a maselo otulukirapo katatu kuposa ma bowo a omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
DIY drip payipi
Ngati nyumba yothirira madzi opangira nyumba ikalengedwa ndi mphuno yopangira madzi yomwe ikhoza kuyikidwa pansi kapena kuyika thandizo, ntchito zake zitha kuchitika ndi:
- payipi wamba kapena wapamwamba wosanjikiza mphira;
- payipi yopangidwa ndi polyvinyl chloride;
- silicone payipi.
Ikakonzekereratu kukumba ngalande yamadzi munthaka, ndikodalirika kuyipanga kuchokera ku mipope ya pulasitiki kapena polypropylene. Mbale yopatsa chidwi ngati imeneyi imakhala yosakhudzidwa ndi kutu komanso kusintha kwa kutentha.
Mulimonsemo, payipi yoyenera iyenera kukhala yopanga mabowo mmalo mwake kuti ingoikemo zithandizo zamankhwala kapena mitundu ina ya mabowo ndi malangizo osaloleza kuti madzi azidutsa m'malo omwe sanapatsiridwe madzi.
Njira yothiririra zakumunda
Matepi aku dontho amatchuka ndi wamaluwa. Amapangidwanso ndi manja awo. Dongosolo la tepi yothirira madzi akumwa ndi:
- chitoliro chamapaipi;
- mipope yayikulu yogawa;
- matepi opangidwa ndi pulasitiki okhala ndi mabowo omwe ali pamtunda wofanana kuchokera pa wina ndi mzake kapena matepi apamwamba.
Kusankha bwino kwazinthu zokhala ndi ma waya ndi mipope ya polyethylene yothirira. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zolumikizira, ma tees, kusintha, ma valve ndi ma valve, ophatikizira zinthu zina ndi gwero lamadzi ndikutulutsa matepi pa iwo. Pambuyo poyeretsa koyambirira ndikuyang'ana mawaya amapaipi, mapulagi amayikidwa kumapeto kwawo. Matepi oyendetsa matayala amamangirizidwa ndi mapaipi ogawa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyambira ndi ma adapter. Pakuwunika koyambirira, kugwira ntchito kwa aliyense wotsalira kumayendera. Panthawi yovundikira, kuyeretsa kwamakina kumachitika. Tepi yodontha kapena chubu chosasokonekera imayikidwa pamalo osaya pafupifupi masentimita awiri mpaka atatu, kuteteza kulowa kwa mizu yothilitsidwa mu dongosololi.
Njira yodziyeserera yokha yothirira imawoneka motere:
M'malo mwa matepi odontha, kuthirira kwanyumba komweko kumagwiritsa ntchito machubu osakhazikika a PVC okhala ndi zotumphukira.
Thanki yama pulasitiki yodzaza voliyetric yoikika pamalo okwera mamitala awiri kuti apereke madzi ofunikira mu dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsime chamadzi. Kuwerengedwa kwa madzi am'madzi kumachitika chifukwa chakuganizira gawo lofunikira lomwe limakhalapo mabedi, monga dothi, kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndi kufunika kwa chinyezi (kuyambira 0,8 mpaka 1.5 l / h). Mvula yofewa kapena madzi osungunuka ndi oyenera kuthiriridwa poyerekeza ndi madzi apampopi. Ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kwa mbewu pamene kutentha kwake kuli kofanana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka.
Kuomba kwamapaipi
Feteleza nthawi zambiri amawonjezera madzi kuti azidyetsa masamba nthawi imodzi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kupewa kutchingira mphuno zapakhosi, pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosungunuka wokha.
Tangiyo iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi khomo lolowera kuthiridwe kotsika pang'ono kuposa pansi. Izi zikuthandizira kuchepetsedwa kwa mapaipi ndi zinyalala za pansi zogumuka.
Pofuna kupewa kufinya kwa mapaipi okhala ndi zosayera zamankhwala azitsulo, aluminiyamu, magnesium, phosphorous omwe amadziunjikira m'madzi olimba, zowonjezera za asidi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchokera pakuipitsidwa ndi ntchofu, ma virus, kutsukidwa mokwanira kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuchotsa mapulagi ndi makina a madzi.
Tikamaliza ntchito yam'munda, timasanjanitsa dongosolo la kuthirira, timatsuka kwathunthu ndikuuma kukonzekera ntchito chaka chamawa.
Makina ogwetsera kuthirira
Mabwana apamwamba aphunzira momwe angakhazikitsire ma drip irrigation automation pogwiritsa ntchito:
- purosesa ya minicomputer, mavuvu yamagetsi, chinyezi, kutentha, makina ogwiritsa ntchito anzawo, olamulira amodzi kapena angapo;
- timer yomwe idayikidwa pampu yoperekera madzi, mothandizidwa ndi nthawi yopereka ndi kutseka kwamadzi kumayendetsedwa.
Minicomputer imakhazikitsa njira zopangira madzi 12 kwa nthambi iliyonse yamadzi othirira kuderalo. Kukula kwa madzi mu dongosololi kumakonzedwa poganizira kusanthula kwadzidzidzi kwa zomwe zikubwera kuchokera ku kutentha ndi chinyezi masensa. Ma controllingable programm amaikidwa pakhomo lolowera kuthirira pambuyo pa bomba la valavu ndi pa waya mu malo omwe matepi okumbira kapena mapaipi apadera osokonekera amalumikizidwa. Amangotumiza lamulo lotha kuthirira ndi kuzimitsa kuti ma ma sovuoid aikidwe.
Njira zothirira madontho ozungulira zimachepetsa kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito madzi, nthawi yowonera ndi kukonza mabedi.
Ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito makina obwererera
Dzipulumutseni nokha kupulumutsa kwambiri ndalama zakumunda kuti mugule zida ndi zida zofunika. Kuphatikiza kwachiwiri ndikothekera kwachangu kuchotsa gawo lomwe lawonongeka: mmisiri yemwe amapanga mathirakiti odulira m'malo mwake azitha kuwona zofooka zake ndikumakonzanso pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zilipo (kapena kuzigula m'malo omwe amagulitsa kale).
Ubwino wambiri wothirira madzi akumwa:
- Zothandiza pazomera. Chinyezi chimayenda mosadukaduka pansi pamizu, osakunga nthaka, popanda kupanga kutumphuka. Kudulira kwamadzi sikumaphatikizidwa, mizu kwambiri kupuma kuzungulira kwazonse kukula ndi kucha kwa zipatso zamasamba ndi zipatso. Zomera sizikuvulala, mosiyana ndi kupeza madzi ambiri kuchokera pamwamba mukamakonkha.
- Kusunga kwakofunikira pakugwiritsira ntchito madzi, kuchepetsedwa kuvala ndi kuipitsidwa ndi zodetsa, ntchofu wamagetsi.
- Kutayika kwa mbewu ndi tizirombo ndi matenda kumachepetsedwa. Fungicides, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zida zina zoteteza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza masamba sizitsukidwa pansi pa madzi akumwa.
- Matepi aku dontho amapezeka mosavuta ngakhale m'malo omwe mulibe magawo, mapangidwe a mapepala m'malo ena ndi chilala m'mabedi ena saloledwa.
- Namsongole amamera pang'ono, chifukwa samalandira madzi. M'malo akukulidwa, dothi limakhala louma.
Malo ophatikizira madzi kumizu ndi kutentha pafupi ndi kutentha kwa nthaka kumapereka zotheka pamabedi.
Khalani ndi chipiriro ndi maluso anu, pangani dongosolo lanu lokwerera m'malo anuanu. Sungani kugwiritsa ntchito anthu ndi madzi mtsogolo, sangalalani ndi zokolola zabwino!
