Cobaea liana (Cobaea) ndi chitsamba chopindika chomwe ndi chaka chilichonse ndipo ndi cha banja la cyanosis. Wamaluwa amalima ngati chomera pachaka. Liana ili adatchulidwa dzina la Baranaba Cobo, yemwe anali wopanga zachilengedwe, ndipo amakhala kudziko la chomera ichi (ku Peru ndi Mexico) kwa zaka zingapo. Mwachilengedwe, kobe amatha kukumana ndi nkhalango zachilengedwe zotentha komanso zam'mwera ku North ndi South America. Chomera choterechi chakhala chikulimidwa kuyambira 1787, pomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira nkhata za arbor kapena hedges.
Zolemba za Kobe
Chomera chikukula mwachangu. Pachifukwa ichi, mizu ya nthambi yomwe ali nayo ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi mizu yambiri yopyapyala. Kutalika kwa mphukira kumatha kufika mita 6 ndipo ngakhale kwina kutalika kwambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zigawo zina zowoneka bwino za cirrus zimangokhala ndi magawo atatu okha. Pa nsonga za tsinde, masamba amasinthana ndikukhala tinthu tating'ono, timene timathandiza chitsamba kukwera kuchirikiza, kumamatira ndi chithandizo chawo. Maluwa akuluakulu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a belu ndipo amafikira mainchesi 8, ma pestle awo ndi stamens ndi otchuka. Maluwa ali ndi masitayilo atali ndipo amakula kuchokera pamtundu wa sinuses m'magulu awiri kapena atatu kapena osangokhala. Maluwa akangoyamba kutseguka, amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira. Ndipo atawululidwa kwathunthu, maluwa amasintha mtundu wawo kukhala woyera kapena wofiirira. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lachikopa lomwe limatseguka pambali yakumaso. Mkati mwake muli njere zazikulu zokuta bwino.
Kukula kobe kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa
Kukula kobe kuchokera kumbewu sikophweka, koma kwenikweni. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chipolopolo cha mbewu zazikulu zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kamene kamapangitsa kwambiri kuphukika. Chifukwa chake, musanabzale, chipolopolo chotere chimayenera kusungunuka kuti chikhale ngati ntchofu, ndikuchichotsa pamanja. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kufalitsa mbewuzo pansi pa chidebe, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zokulirapo, pomwe ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti siziyenera kulumikizana. Thirani madzi mumtsuko ndi kutseka chivindikirocho mwamphamvu kwambiri kuti musatseke madzi abwinowo. Nthawi ndi nthawi ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mbewuzo ndikuwachotsanso chigawo chofunda cha chigolachi, ndikuchiwatsitsanso muchidebe. Kuti tichotse kwathunthu mbewuzo kuchokera ku chipolopolo, monga lamulo, zimatenga masiku angapo.
Kwa mbande, mbewuyi iyenera kufesedwa mu February kapena masiku oyamba a Marichi. Pofesa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito makapu osakhala akulu kwambiri, momwe mbewu imodzi imayikidwamo, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuvulaza mbewu zazing'ono panthawi yodzamira. Kubzala mbewu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lapadziko lonse. Mbewu iyenera kuyikidwa pansi, pomwe mbali yoyandikana ndiyofunika kuyikankhira, kenako pamwamba pake iyenera kukonkhedwa ndi chosakanizira cha dothi lomwelo, makulidwe ake akhale mamilimita 15. Mbande zimawonekera patapita nthawi yosiyanasiyana. Ngati mwakonza bwino njere ndikuchotsa chigamba chonse, ndiye kuti mbande zimatha kuwonekera pakatha mwezi umodzi.
Mbande
Mbewu zikakula pang'ono, ndipo zimakhala ndi ma masamba awiri enieni a masamba, ziyenera kukokedwa palimodzi ndi chiphuphu cha dziko lapansi muchombo, chomwe chizikhala ndi kuchuluka kwa malita atatu. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupange mizu yolimba ndikupeza mphamvu. Pakujambulani, musaiwale kuyika makina apadera opangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki mumtsuko, potengera izi mmera udzagwiritsa ntchito ngati thandizo. Nthawi yomweyo, mmera uyenera kuyamba kuumitsa. Kuti muchite izi, mbewuzi zimasinthidwa kukhala loggia kapena khonde, zomwe zimayenera kumangirizidwa kapena kukongoletsedwa kwambiri. Pano chomera chidzatsalira mpaka ndikudzula, kwinaku ndikuzolowera mpweya wozizira. Monga lamulo, kuwumitsa kwa milungu itatu ndikokwanira kuti mbewu zizolowere nyengo yakunja. Kenako zithekanso kuyamba kubzala wamkulu ndi wamphamvu mbande panthaka.
Tikufika
Nthawi yoti afike
Dothi lotseguka, mbande zimasulidwa mu Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa June, pomwe zimayenera kutsalira chisanu. Ndipo kutentha kwa usiku sikuyenera kukhala kosachepera madigiri 5. Komabe, mutha kuchedwetsa kubzala kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mbewu pamenepa zitha kupitilira, ndikudzaliramo m'munda ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kuwulula
Poyamba, sankhani malo omwe kobei adzakulire. Kwa iwo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe malo owala bwino ndi dothi labwino. Komabe, duwa lotere limatha kudulidwa m'malo otetezeka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chitsamba ichi chizitetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera maenje akufikira, mtunda pakati pawo kuchokera pakati pa 50 mpaka 100 sentimita. Mwa iwo muyenera kuthira dothi losasakaniza lophatikizira humus, peat ndi sod lapansi. Mwa iwo ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse chomeracho pamodzi ndi mtanda wanthaka, nuike ndi kuthirira bwino. Pafupi ndi tchire, ndikofunikira kuyika chothandizira (chipilala kapena mpanda), chifukwa chitsamba chokulirapo chikuyenera kukwera, osati m'makwawo kapena mitengo yomwe ili pafupi. Ngati chiwopsezo cha chisanu chikutsalirabe, ndiye kuti chomera chidzafunika chophimbidwa kwakanthawi ndi chivundikiro chopanda nsalu, cholungidwa m'magawo awiri.
Zosamalidwa
Kobei amayenera kuthiriridwa mwadongosolo, pomwe nthawi yayitali ikathilira, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kochulukirapo. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ngati madzimadzi amadzazira pamizu, izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa zowola. Ndikofunika kusamala makamaka ndikathirira ngati chitsamba chimamera m'malo otetezeka.
Kumayambiriro kokula kwachangu, mbewu ngati imeneyi imafunikira kuvala pafupipafupi, komwe kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo chifukwa chake ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni. Pa budding, kobe adzafunika potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Amayamba kudyetsa chomeracho nthawi yomweyo mbande zikaoneka. Kenako pomwe tsamba loyambilira lipanga mu chomera, lidzafunikira kudyetsedwa ndi humate. Pambuyo pa izi, kobe amadyetsedwa mosakanikirana ndi feteleza wama mchere (mwachitsanzo, Kemira) ndi organic kanthu (kulowetsedwa kwa mullein) mpaka chiyambi cha maluwa. Kuti liana lithe kukula ndi kukula, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi pansi ndikuchotsa udzu.
Momwe mungafalitsire
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kobe imatha kumera kuchokera ku mbewu, komanso ikhoza kufalitsidwanso ndi kudula. Zidulidwa zimatengedwa ku tchire la chiberekero, zomwe zimayenera kukhala m'nyumba nthawi yonse yozizira. Pamene kukula kwamphamvu kwa achinyamata mphukira kumayambira mu nthawi ya masika, ina imatha kudulidwa ndikukhazikika mumchenga wonyowa kuti uzike mizu. Zodulidwa mizu ziyenera kuziika m'dothi lomaliza m'masiku otsiriza a Meyi kapena oyamba - mu June. Zomera zotere zimayamba kuphuka mwachangu kuposa zomwe zimamera pambewu, koma nthawi yomweyo maluwa ake siopanda pake komanso osongola.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Aphid, komanso nkhupakupa, zimatha kukhala pamtengowo. Kuti tithane ndi tizilombo totere, ndikofunikira kukonza chomera ndi yankho la phytoerm ndi sopo wobiriwira wa potaziyamu. M'malo mwa sopo wobiriwira, mutha kutenga shampoo ya nyama kuchokera ku utitiri (imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthana ndi tizirombo tina).
Pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi, ndipo amatha ndikuyamba kwa chisanu. Pakati patali, chitsamba chotere chimamera ngati pachaka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti m'dzinja liyenera kuwotchedwa. Mbewu zomwe zili pakati sizikhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse, motero ziyenera kugulidwanso m'sitolo kuti zibzale chaka chamawa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale mutagula mbewu za mtundu wodziwika bwino m'sitolo, kukula kwake sikudzaposa 30 peresenti.
Zisanu
Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyesa kusunga kobei wamkulu mpaka chaka chamawa. Mu Okutobala, dulani zitsamba zonse kuchokera ku chitsamba, kukumba mosamala ndikuwoka mubokosi lalikulu kapena maluwa. Muyenera kusungira chomera pamalo oderako, pomwe matenthedwe sayenera kupitirira 12 madigiri. Chifukwa chake, posungira, chipinda chapansi kapena cellar ndichabwino. Onetsetsani kuti gawo lapansi silikuuma; kuti muchite izi, kuthirirani kamodzi pakatha masiku 20-30. M'masiku omaliza a February, woyamba - Marichi, shrub iyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo owala ndi otentha ndikupangitsa kuthirira. Chitsamba chimabzalidwa m'mundamo pokhapokha nthawi yowopseza chisanu itatha.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi
Kobeya okwerera, kapena kukwera kobeya, zokwawa za kobeya (Cobaea scandens)
Mtundu uwu ndiomwe umalimidwa. Komanso, m'chilengedwe muli mitundu 9 ya kobei. Mtunduwu ndi mpesa wosatha, womwe umalima chaka chilichonse. Malo omwe mbewuyi idabadwira ndi Mexico. Wokolola uyu amakula mitengo yambiri, mpaka kutalika kwa mamitala 6. Masamba a masamba a Cirrus amathera ndi nthambi zake, pomwe chomeracho chimatsatira. Maluwa amatenga kuchokera hafu yachiwiri ya nthawi yachilimwe mpaka maluwa. Maluwa ofukirira amakhala ndi fungo la uchi. White kobeya (Cobea scandens alba) ndi masamba am'kati mwa kobe ndipo ali ndi maluwa oyera.
