Spathiphyllum - Sail Yoyera

Dzinalo "spathiphyllum" limachokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek: "spata" - chivundikiro ndi "phillum" - pepala. Chomera chokongola chamtchirechi chimatchedwanso "bwalo loyera", chifukwa cha maluwa ake achilendo, ofanana ndi ma sail. Pali mitundu yambiri ya chomera chosalemerachi, chololera mthunzi, chosiyana kukula, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mabedi ndi kukula kwa kununkhira. Pafupifupi mitundu 45 ya spathiphyllum imadziwika. M'malo mchipinda, Spathiphyllum imachita maluwa kwambiri ndipo Spathiphyllum Wallis nthawi zambiri imakula.

Spathiphyllum ndi bwato loyera.

Kufotokozera kwamabzomera za mbewu

Spathiphyllum, kapena Spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum) ndi mtundu wazomera zamuyaya kuchokera ku banja la wosankha mitundu (Araceae), oimira ena ndi otchuka m'nyumba. Malo obadwiramo spathiphyllum ndi South America, East Asia, Polynesia.

Tsinde la spathiphyllum kulibe - masamba oyambira amapanga gulu mwachindunji panthaka. Mpweya wakewo ndi wafupi. Masamba amakhala ozungulira kapena lanceolate, okhala ndi midrib wowoneka bwino. Mitsempha yotsekemera imakhumudwitsidwa kuchokera kumbali yakumtunda kwa tsamba. Petiole pamunsi imakulitsa nyini.

Inflorescence ya spathiphyllum imapangidwa mwanjira ya khutu pa mwendo wautali, ndi bulangeti pansi. Chophimba choyera chimatulutsa msanga maluwa atatha.

Zambiri za kukula kwa spathiphyllum - mwachidule

Maluwa: kutengera chisamaliro, kamodzi pachaka (kasupe), kapena kawiri pachaka - kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira-yozizira.

Kukula: Nthawi zambiri mmera umakula mwachangu.

Kuwala: yosokoneza, yopanda kuwala kwa dzuwa, imatha kumera pang'ono.

Kutentha: nthawi yamasika ndi nthawi yachilimwe amakonda kutentha kutentha mkati mwa + 22 ... + 23 ° C, osatsika kuposa + 18 ° C. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, kutentha kwakukulu sikotsika + 16 ° C, chifukwa izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu.

Kuthirira spathiphyllum: nthawi ya masika-nthawi yachilimwe komanso nthawi yamaluwa, yochulukirapo, pakati pa kuthirira, pamwamba pazenera kuyuma. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, kuthirira ndizochepa. Mukathirira, gawo lapansi silikhala louma, koma sayenera kuthiridwa madzi ambiri.

Chinyezi cha mpweya: Kutalika, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikothandiza. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mutha kuyika mphika ndi chomera pa tray ndi dongo lonyowa, moss kapena zina.

Kudyetsa Spathiphyllum: kuyambira Marichi mpaka Seputembala komanso nthawi ya maluwa ndi feteleza wathunthu wamagetsi otsika (1-1,5 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi).

Nthawi yopumula: kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Januwale, kutentha sikutsika kuposa + 16 ° C, kuthirira pang'ono.

Kuyika kwa Spathiphyllum: kasupe, ngati pakufunika, mizu ikadzaza mphika.

Kuswana: kudula ndi kugawanika kwa mpweya.

Kusamalira spathiphyllum kunyumba

Spathiphyllum imatha kumera ndi kuwala pang'ono. Mthunzi, masamba a spathiphyllum amakhala obiriwira, tsamba limatha kutalika kwambiri, maluwa atakhala osowa kapena atha.

Ngati mupeza zizindikiro izi, ndiye kuti mbewuyo ilibe magetsi. Zomera ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa mwachindunji, muzizindikira izi mukamayika mbewuyo pazenera lakumwera. Mawindo akumpoto ndioyenerera bwino kwa spathiphyllum, koma spathiphyllum imamashuka kwambiri komanso motalika pazenera lakumwera ndipo ndi yayikulu kwambiri.

Spathiphyllum ndi mbewu yomwe imakonda kutentha, nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe imakonda kutentha kutentha + 22 ... + 23 ° C, osatsika kuposa + 18 ° C. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, kutentha kwakukulu sikotsika + 16 ° C, chifukwa izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu. Kutentha kotsika + 10 ° C ndikofunikira, chifukwa kutentha kutentha kumene mbewu zimawola ndipo zimatha kufa. Spathiphyllum salekerera kukonzekera.

Kuthirira

Spathiphyllum iyenera kuthiriridwa chaka chonse. Panthawi yamaluwa, nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, kuthirira kambiri kumafunikira, ndizotheka kuchokera ku pallet, koma dothi lapamwamba liyenera kuuma pakati pa kuthirira. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira pang'ono. Osaloleza kuyanika kwa dothi, nthawi yomweyo, kusayenda kwamadzi mumphika kungasokoneze mbewu.

Pakathirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa gwiritsani ntchito madzi okhazikika (ayenera kutetezedwa kwa maola osachepera 12). Masamba obowola a spathiphyllum amawonetsa kuti alibe chinyezi. Kuchokera kuthirira kwambiri, mawanga amdima amawoneka pamasamba.

Chinyezi cha mpweya

Ma spathiphyllums onse amakonda chinyezi chambiri. Kuwaza ndi madzi ofewa, thireyi lomwe limakhala ndi moss kapena mchenga, malo okhala m'madzi, kusamba kosangalatsa nthawi ndi nthawi - zonsezi zimakhudza kukula kwa spathiphyllum - nzika za nyengo yonyowa. Sizowopsa kuti nsonga zamasamba atambasulidwa ndikugwa pansi ndikugwa: motere masamba amachoka pamvula yambiri.

Mu mpweya wouma mzipinda zambiri, ngakhale kupopera kunthawi yake (kawiri pa tsiku), nsonga za masamba zimatha. Pamene maluwa a spathiphyllum amatuluka, ndikofunikira kupopera mosamala kuti madzi asagwere pabedi ndi khutu.

Kuyambira mwezi wa Okutobala mpaka Januware, mtengowu umakhala wopanda matalala, koma akapatsidwa chinyezi chokwanira, spathiphyllum imatha kuphuka nthawi yozizira.

Kudyetsa spathiphyllum

Munthawi yazomera (kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Seputembala), spathiphyllum imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza ochepa (1-1,5 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Mutha kudyetsa ndi feteleza wapadera wazomera zam'mimba zomwe mulibe mandimu, mwachitsanzo, "Azalea", "Flower", etc.

Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi kuvala kosiyana ndi mayankho a feteleza wa mineral ndi mullein watsopano wophatikizidwa mu chiyerekezo cha 1:15 kapena 1:20. Mutavala pamwamba kwambiri komanso musanayambe kuvala bwino, mbewu zimathiriridwa kwambiri kutentha kwa chipinda ndi madzi. Ngati spathiphyllum limamasuka nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti limadyetsedwa ndi feteleza yemweyo pambuyo pa masabata 3-4. Maonekedwe a bulauni mawanga pamasamba akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa michere.

Thirani ndi gawo lapansi

Chizindikiro chodzaza ndi mizu yomwe imadzaza muyeso wonse wamphika ndi chomera. Kuika ndi bwino kumachita mchaka. Spathiphyllum imazindikira kuwonongeka kwa mizu, ndikuziika mosamala.

Dothi lodzala limatengedwa pang'ono acidic (pH - 5-6.5). Chinyezi chambiri chimavulaza mbewuyo, dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira kuti chinyezi chambiri chitha kuyenda momasuka m'thumba. Spathiphyllums amamva bwino mu humus wamba, momwe amafunikira kuwonjezera tchipisi ta njerwa, zidutswa za makala. Kuphatikizidwa kwa magawo ofanana a pepala ndi ma turf lapansi, humus, peat ndi mchenga wamtsinje ndi koyenera.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi lomalizidwa la iroid, ndikuwonjezera zidutswa za makala pamenepo. Kukhetsa bwino madzi kumafunika. Muphika wa spathiphyllum umasankhidwa pang'ono kuposa woyamba, mphika waukulu kwambiri umachepetsa maluwa. Ndikwabwino kuthira pansi ndi njira yakuda ya pinki yotentha ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Mukathira, mbewu zimafunikira kutentha, kuthirira pang'ono, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, zonsezi zimathandiza kuti mizu yake iziphuka mwachangu. Zomera zimamera bwino ngati zingapangitse kwakanthawi kanyengo (kuphimba ndi zinthu zowonekera), koma osayiwala kuziziritsa.

Spathiphyllum Wallis (Spathiphyllum wallisii).

Kubala kwa Spathiphyllum

Spathiphyllum imafalitsidwa ndi magawano kapena kudula apical, nthawi zambiri ndi mbewu.

Zomera zokhazikitsidwa m'mipika ya 9-centimeter. Kuphatikizika kwa dziko lapansi ndi motere: tsamba - 1 ora, peat - 1 ora, turf - 1/2 ora, mchenga - 1/1 .. Nthawi ya kupatsirana ndikusunthira, ngati kuli kotheka, kuwonongeka kwa mizu kuyenera kupewedwa, chifukwa mbewu zimasowa mosavuta. Pambuyo poika, kuthirira wambiri ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira.

Kubwezeretsanso pogawa tchire kumachitika bwino kwambiri mu nthawi ya kuphukira.

Mukafalitsa ndikudulidwa, phesi la spathiphyllum limayamba kufalikira: mawonekedwe omera atsopano, masamba achichepere amawonekera m'malo angapo. Ngati mulibe ntchito yopanga kandulo yayikulu, chitsamba chitha kugawidwa kuti chilichonse chimangokhala ndikukula komanso (ngati nkotheka) mizu. Komabe, mizu imatha kukula pang'ono.

Zosintha za Spathiphyllum zimabzalidwa mumiphika 12-16-centimeter mumsanganizo wapadera wa "aroid", wopangidwa ndi humus, nthaka yonse ya pepala, peat ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 0.5). 10 g ya ammonium nitrate ndi 5 g ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu nitrate amawonjezeredwa mumtsuko wa gawo ili. Kuphatikiza apo, zidutswa za njerwa zosweka, makungwa amitengo ndi malasha, mullein wowuma amawonjezeredwa.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zina ndi zina: tsamba, dziko lapansi, humus, peat, mchenga (2: 2: 2: 2: 2) kapena tsamba, peat, coniferous, humus lapansi, mchenga (2: 4: 1: 1: 1) Ndi kuwonjezera kwa makala amakala.

Spathiphyllum, kapena Spathiphyllum (lat. Spathiphyllum).

Mitundu ya spathiphyllum

Rod Spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum), malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, kuphatikiza mitundu 45 ya mbewu zosatha zosakanika ndi nthcito yayifupi ya banja lokhalokha, zina mwazokongoletsa kwambiri. Spathiphyllum ndiofala ku America otentha, Philippines, kumadera otentha a mvula ku Venezuela, Colombia, Guiana, Brazil.

Spathiphyllum heliconious (Spathiphyllum heliconiifolium). Kwawo - nkhalango zamvula za ku Brazil. Zomera mpaka 1 m wamtali. Masamba ndi oblong-elliptic, 35-50 masentimita kutalika ndi 20-25 masentimita, owongoka posachedwa, amtundu, wobiriwira wakuda, wakuthwa kumapeto. Petiole 75-90 masentimita kutalika, kwamchiberekero kuchokera kumunsi (5-9 cm.). The inflorescence ndi khutu, 8-10 masentimita., Yoyera, kenako imayamba kuda. Pabedi ndizopanda chowirikiza, pafupifupi kawiri kutalika kwa chifuyo, kutalika kwa 15 cm ndi 10 cm mulifupi. Chomera chokongoletsera chamtengo wapatali choyenera kukula muzipinda.

Canniferous spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum cannifolium). Homeland Venezuela, Guiana, Thailand. Chomera chokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu owala obiriidi, ofanana ndi masamba a cannabis. Malamba obiriwira oyera obiriwira okhala ndi maluwa onunkhira bwino pamakutu obiriwira achikasu. Chobzala chodabwitsa.

Supuni ya Spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum). Kwawo-Brazil. Ichi ndi chomera chachikulu mpaka 1 m kutalika, ndi masamba oblong-elliptical. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 40, m'lifupi ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. tsamba lamtambo ndilobiriwira, lonyezimira, lakuthwa m'mphepete, lomwe limasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali (mpaka 50-70 cm), petiole wamphamvu. Makutu inflorescence, oyera. Pabedi ndizopanda, kutalika.

Spathiphyllum maluwa ambiri (Spathiphyllum floribundum). Kwawo Colombia. Chomera chake chimakhala chamlifupi, mpaka 50 cm, masamba owotchera, masentimita 20-25, kutalika kwa 9-12 cm. Chiwerengero cha masamba chimatha kupitilira 40. Malo oyala mabedi ndi oyera. Amamasuka kwambiri komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Maluwa amayikidwa mu axils a masamba athanzi, momwe kukolola kwa inflorescence kwa chaka chamawa kumadalira.

Ku United States, Mauna Loa adapezeka kuchokera ku spathiphyllum ya maluwa ambiri. Chomera chokhala ndi mbewa yoyera kapena yopyapyala, chopendekera bwino chingwe chotalika ndi 10,5 masentimita mpaka 5-6 mulifupi. Chochera cholembera chokhala ndi malo ochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mobisa. Petioles 10-15 cm., Masamba Masamba kutalika kwa 15-20 cm., 5-6 masentimita mulitali, wobiriwira wowala, oblong-lanceolate kapena oblong-elliptic, wotchulidwa nthawi yayitali pamwamba (mpaka mpaka 1.5 cm). Peduncle mpaka 25 cm, maluwa amatengedwa pa cob 3-5 cm. pa mwendo waufupi kwambiri. `Mauna Loa` - chomera chokongola komanso chadothi (chamaluwa pachaka chonse), inflorescence imayimitsidwa kudula kwa mwezi wopitilira.

Spathiphyllum yabwino (Spathiphyllum blandum). Kwawo - America otentha. Mbewu yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amtali, amtunda wamiyala yama lanceolate yokhala ndi kupindika. Petioles ndi aatali, olimba. Chikutu cha khutu la inflorescence ndi khutu lomwe limazunguliridwa ndi chophimba choyera. Chifukwa chake, dzina lodziwika bwino la duwa ndi Flagolite. Limamasula kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, lili ndi inflorescence yambiri.

Spathiphyllum Wallis (Spathiphyllum wallisii). Kwawo - nkhonya zamvula ku Colombia. Chomera chotalika 20 mpaka 30 masentimita okhala ndi nthangala yayifupi komanso rosette wamaso obiriwira oblong-lanceolate masamba okongola. Chulecho ndi choyera, ndipo poyatsira mabedi ndi yopapatiza, kutalika katatu kuposa nkhanuyo, yoyera yoyera yoyera kenako yobiriwira. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo komanso aatali. Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira komanso chololera mthunzi. Imakula bwino mchipinda.

Spathiphyllum maluwa ambiri (Spathiphyllum floribundum).

Matenda ndi tizirombo ta spathiphyllum

Ngati mpweya wozungulira mbewuwo ndi wouma komanso kuthilira ndi osakwanira, spathiphyllum imatha kukhudzidwa ndi tizirombo - nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tambiri, ndi akangaude.

Chotchinga kapena chishamba aphid chidatchedwa chishango chotchedwa waxy chomwe chimakwirira thupi la wadwala wamkulu. Poyamba, ndili mwana, mseche suoneka, koma umachulukana mwachangu, umakutidwa ndi masamba ndi masamba. Akuluakulu amakhala osasunthika ndikukhala pansi pazishango, pomwe mphutsi zimamera pansi ndikufalikira.

Pakadali pano, amawonongeka ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yofikira sopo, komwe mumatha kuwonjezera palafini pang'ono kapena mowa wosamwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akuluakulu limodzi ndi zikopa zimachotsedwa ndi swab yonyowa, koma nthawi yomweyo, mukufunikirabe kuthira mbewu yonse ndi mankhwala kapena tizirombo tosokoneza mankhwalawo kuti muchotse mphutsi.

Ma nsabwe - kachilombo kakang'ono kamatha kukhala kobiriwira, imvi kapena yakuda. Imakhala pamphepete mwa tsamba ndipo imadya chakudya chambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa kupukutidwa ndi masamba. Kuchulukana mwachangu. Kuwonongeka ndi mankhwala omalizidwa omwe amagulitsidwa m'misika kapena yankho la chikonga - sulfate m'madzi ndi sopo muyezo wa 1 g. chikonga - sulfate pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi a sopo.

Pambuyo pokonza mbewuzo, spathiphyllum iyenera kutsukidwa bwino patsiku, kuphimba dothi ndi polyethylene. Ngati ndi kotheka, bwerezani mankhwalawo.

Kuti spathiphyllum siyikhudzidwa ndi tizirombo (ma scand ndi nsabwe), ndikokwanira kutsuka kapena kupukuta masamba ndi siponji ndi madzi. Mukamatsuka ndi spathiphyllum, musaiwale kuphimba dothi mumphika ndi filimu.

Spider mite - kangaude wofiira kwambiri wocheperako. Amawoneka patsinde lamasamba ndikuwaphimba ndi ma cobwebs oyera oyera. Amawonongeka ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikusambitsa masamba, makamaka kuchokera kumunsi, ndi madzi, kulowetsedwa kwa fodya wopanda sopo, kufumbi (mu mpweya watsopano, kunja kwa zipinda) ndi sulufule wa nthaka kapena chomera chimagwiridwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa kale. Mukatha kukonza chomera, patatha maola 2-3, masamba ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda.

Mu spathiphyllum, nsonga za masamba ziumeNgakhale kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa maluwa ndi kuthirira. Kuphatikiza apo, pamasamba ena, mawanga owoneka otuwa kwambiri amatalika, ofanana ndikuwotcha, ngakhale kuti dzuwa mwachindunji silikugwa pamaluwa.

Chifukwa. Ngati mawanga awa ali pa nsonga za masamba, ndiye ichi ndichizindikiro cha kusefukira. Malangizo a masamba adzauma pang'onopang'ono - osati wowonjezera kutentha. Ngati spathiphyllum yanu idagulidwa posachedwapa - makamaka osadandaula. Masamba atsopano amakhala osagonjetseka. Mwa njira, spathiphyllum imakonda kusamba kwa sabata (sikuchita kupopera, koma kusamba). Pakakhala mawanga pakatikati pa tsamba - pakhoza kukhala nkhupakupa, fufuzani majeremusi.

Spathiphyllum sikufalikira

Chifukwa. Spathiphyllium limamasuka mizu ikadzaza mphika wonse. Ndiye kuti, amakonda miphika yolimba komanso yotsika. Kuti maluwa ambiri azitha, spathiphyllum iyenera kuzisungidwa kwa milungu iwiri kuzizira kutentha kwa 9 9 ... + 12 ° C kuti "ipumule".

Mu spathiphyllum, masamba amadetsedwa ndikumauma m'mphepete, pomwepo amafa, nthawi zina, ang'ono, osasinthidwa masamba amawuma

Chifukwa. Mwina mumadzaza chomera, kapena musakweza mpweya wouma, kapena mulibe nayitrogeni kapena phosphorous. Potsirizira pake, dyetsani feteleza wa nayitrogeni-potaziyamu.

Spathiphyllum sikukula

Chifukwa. Kukula koperewera kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwala kwambiri komanso kusefukira.

Tili ndi ma spathiphyllums angapo omwe akukula m'nyumba mwathu - kukongola kosaneneka! Ndipo zoona, mbewuyi ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu, mwina, chomwe muyenera kukumbukira ndikuthirira kwambiri ndi kupopera masamba nthawi zambiri! Tikukufunirani zabwino ndipo mukuyembekezera mwachidwi uphungu!