Hatiora (Hatiora) ndiogwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la a Cactaceae. Ndi lithophytic kapena epiphytic cactus wokhala ndi mphukira yazigawo. Mwachilengedwe, imapezeka ku nkhalango zotentha za ku Brazil.
Mitunduyi idatchedwa dzina lolemekeza wopanga zojambulajambula komanso wojambula masamu wazaka za m'ma 1600, dzina lake Thomas Hariot. Ndi iye amene amapanga mamapu aku South America. Ambiri opanga mapu adatenga mapu awa paulendo wawo, chifukwa atazindikira mtundu watsopano wa mbewu, adawutcha dzina la wojambula. Poyamba, mtunduwu umatchedwa Hariota komanso umachokera m'zomera zotere, zomwe patapita nthawi zidagawika padera, monga ripsalidopsis ndi ripsalis. Oyimira omwe adatsalira adalumikizana mu mtundu wina, wotchedwa hator, (chithunzi cha gareta).
Mitundu yayikulu
Hatiora Hermina (Hatiora herminiae)
Cactus uyu ndi epiphyte ndipo wapota kapena kuwongoka mphukira zomwe zimatha kufika masentimita 30 kutalika. Magawo omwe ali mgawo la mtanda ali mawonekedwe a silinda. Amapaka utoto wobiriwira ndipo alibe m'mphepete. Kutalika, amafika kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 5 cm, ndipo mainchesi awo sioposa theka la sentimita. Atsikana sakhala ochuluka kwambiri ndipo ndi ochepa kukula. Amapezeka pambuyo pake, pomwe ali ndi tsitsi 1 kapena 2 lalikulu kwambiri. Maluwa achikuda amtundu wina amafikira masentimita angapo kutalika. Amapanga kuchokera ku terminal areoles.
Hatiora salicornioid (Hatiora salicornioides)
Cactus wopachika ndi wowongoka akuwombera kutalika kwa masentimita 100 ndikugawika. Zigawo zooneka ngati kalabu zapakidwa zobiriwira zakuda, kutalika kwake zimafikira 2 mpaka 3 cm, ndipo m'lifupi - kuchokera 3 mpaka 10 mamilimita. Tsitsi laling'ono limapezeka pazigawo, zomwe zimasinthidwa spines. Popita nthawi, kupunthwa kwa thunthu chapakati kumachitika. Maluwa okhala ngati belu lachikasu amakhala kumapeto kwa tsinde.
Kusamalira Hatio kunyumba
Kupepuka
Imakonda malo owala bwino, koma salola dzuwa mwachindunji. Ndi bwino kupukuta msipu m'masiku a chilimwe mukatentha.
Mitundu yotentha
Pafupifupi pachaka chonse, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwa mpweya mchipindacho kuzikhala madigiri 18 mpaka 20. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala duwa limakhala ndi matalala, pomwe matenthedwe amayenera kutsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 15. Zomwe zili panthawiyi ziyenera kukhala zowuma kwathunthu.
Chinyezi
Amamva abwinobwino ndi chinyezi chochepa. Koma ngati wothandizirayo akuyamba kutentha, ndiye kuti akufunika kuti azizikiridwa mwadongosolo.
Momwe mungamwere
M'chilimwe komanso nthawi yamaluwa, kuthirira kambiri kumafunikira, ndikupanga kuti ikhale ngati gawo loyera la gawo lapansi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofewa, okhazikika komanso ofunda. Ndi nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kumayamba kuchepa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ayenera kukhala odziletsa. Makamaka chidwi chake chikuyenera kulipidwa ngati njirayi idakhala yabwino. Kuchepetsa kwambiri komanso kuthilira kwa nthaka ndizovulaza chimodzimodzi pamera (makamaka m'chipinda chozizira).
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Ndikofunikira kuthira manyowa m'chilimwe 1 kapena 2 nthawi masabata 4. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa cacti.
Maluwa
Monga lamulo, maluwa amawoneka nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, magawo achichepere akukula mwachangu. Ndi nthawi yophukira, kukula kumayimitsidwa, ndipo nthawi yayitali imayamba m'malo mwake. Ndi nthawi ino kuti maluwa atagona. Maluwa amayenera kukhala pamalo abwino pa nthawi yonse ya matalala, omwe amakhala osapitilira mwezi, ndipo sayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi yonseyi. Kenako imasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa ndikuthiridwanso. Pakapita kanthawi, mbewuyo imaphukira kumapeto kwa magawo.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Malo oyenera akhale opepuka komanso opumira. Ziyeneranso kukhala acidic pang'ono (pH 5-6). Kuti tikonzekere kusakaniza dothi, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza dothi la sod, deciduous ndi humus, komanso mchenga ndi peat, otengedwa mu chiŵerengero 1: 6: 4: 2: 2.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Wochulukitsa umachitika mbewuzo zikafota. Pankhaniyi, achinyamata toyesa amazika kamodzi pachaka, akulu - kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-3. Pakadali pano, mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi kukula kokulirapo ziyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kawirikawiri, kapena m'malo mwake, 1 pakatha zaka 4-5. Poto woyenera sayenera kukhala wokwezeka kwambiri. Kumbukirani kupanga dambo labwino lokwanira.
Njira zolerera
Mutha kufalitsa ndi tsinde kudula.
Shank iyenera kukhala ndi magawo awiri kapena atatu. Iyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala kuchomera. Madera owonongeka ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi makala osankhidwa ndi owuma pang'ono, ndikusiya m'mwamba. Pambuyo pa izi, shank iyenera kuyikidwa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono padziko lapansi (turf kapena tsamba, pomwe dongo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito) kapena mchenga wonyowa kuti uzike mizu. Amakhala ndi mizu mwachangu kwambiri. Zimachitika kuti zigawo zomwe zawonongeka zimadzizika zokha mumphika pafupi ndi chomera.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Atha kutenga kachilombo ka bacteria kapena fungus. Poyambirira, malo oterera komanso onyowa amawoneka pamalowo m'malo ochepa. Pambuyo pake zimawonekera pa maluwa ena omwe amakhala pafupipafupi. Mankhwala opha ma antibacterial ndi osagwira ntchito. Ngati ndi kotheka, gawo loyambalo la hatori liyenera kuchotsedwa. Zikakhala kuti maziko a tsinde amakhudzidwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiyane ndi petiole yomwe ili pamwambapa, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ayambe kukulira chomera chaching'ono.
Monga lamulo, bowa wa hatoria amaimiridwa ndi vuto lakumapeto ndi fusariosis.
Matenda a Fusarium nthawi zambiri amabweretsa mbewu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakung'ono pamtunda kwa mphukira kapena kulumidwa ndi tizilombo tovulala. Kuti muchotse matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a fungicidal.
Matendawa monga kudera mochedwa amatha kufalikira ndi dothi lovunditsidwa. Zotsatira zake, muzu wa khosi umawonongeka, chifukwa chomwe mbewuyo imayamba kuzimiririka, ngakhale gawo lapansi litanyowa. Duwa limakhalanso lotuwa lowala ndipo limakhala lotuwa kapena ngakhale imvi. Kuti muchotse matendawa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides ku matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.
Tizilombo tofiyira tating'ono, touluka, mavuvu kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kukhazikika pamtengowo. Pazigawo zomwe zataya mtundu wawo, utoto wamaso achikasu, zikafa. Kukonzekera kwapadera ndikofunikira kuti muthe kuwononga mtundu wina wa tizilombo.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
- Imfa ya zigawo ndi masamba - kuzizira kwambiri kapena kuthirira pang'ono.
- Gawo laling'ono litakhala lonyowa, magawo ake amakhala opanda kanthu, opindika - chinyezi chotsika kwambiri kutentha kwambiri.
- Kupanda maluwa kapena kuchepa -kudyetsa kumafunika kapena chomera sichidapumulidwe nthawi yomweyo yopuma.
