Ma njiwa - chikhalidwe chabwino kwa aulesi

Anyezi wothamanga, kapena ma chives, ochokera ku banja la anyezi akhala akudziwika ku Europe ngati chomera chokongoletsera komanso mankhwala kuyambira zaka za zana la 16, ku Russia ngati chikhalidwe cha chakudya, chakhala chalimidwa ndi nzika kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 15. Monga wokonza dimba, adayamba kukhala ndi niche yake m'mabanja azomera zamasamba okhalamo nthawi ya chilimwe kuyambira zaka za zana la 20. Monga chakudya, anyezi uyu amapezeka kwambiri ku Western ndi Central Europe.

Uta wothamanga, kapena ma chives (Allium schoenoprasum).

Kuchulukitsa kwa ma chives ku Russia ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kutchire, imakula pazovuta zina mu gawo lonse la ku Europe, ku Western ndi Eastern Siberia, ku Far Eastern Kamchatka, Primorsky Territory, ku North Caucasus, ndiye kuti, kumadera onse kumene chisanu chambiri sichingawononge mpweya wamphesa komanso zabodza ndi mizu ya nthawi yozizira iyi. mbewu.

Ndipo zonse zimakhala

Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chijeremani, ma chives amamasuliridwa kuti "anyezi odulidwa." M'madera aku Russia, ma chives amakhala ndi mavumikiridwe ambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi anthu osiyanasiyana monga zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Mwa mayina ovomerezeka mu botani, ma chives amatchedwa uta wothamanga (Allium schoenoprasum), chives (nthenga zodula), anyezi sibulet. Ku gawo la Asia ku Russia, ma chives ali ndi mayina akumaloko - sogan, sokh, chali. M'madera ena, ma chives amatchedwa anyezi waku Siberia, chitsamba cha chisanu. Amadziwikanso pansi pa dzina la tribulka ndi malo odyera. Mayina onse omwe ali pamwambawa ndi maimelo amodzimodzi pamayendedwe achira.

Zothandiza zimatha chives

Zambiri zamasamba (3%), mavitamini (B, C, K, E, A), mchere wamankhwala makamaka komanso osasunthika komanso zotsatira zake zabwino paumoyo wa anthu, zimaphatikizapo chives pamankhwala azachipatala.

Masamba obiriwira ndi anyezi a anyezi a poto ali ndi amino acid, kuphatikizapo histidine, methionine, tryptophan, arginine, lysine ndi ena. Olemera mu chives, chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, michere, kuphatikiza anti-kukalamba komanso kuwonjezera chitetezo (selenium, zinki, manganese, ndi zina).

Kuchokera kuchiritsi zimatha chives:

• kumathandizira kulakalaka;
• bwino matumbo katulutsidwe;
• imathandizira pa ntchito ya impso, chikhodzodzo, mtima dongosolo;
• ntchito kupewa matenda a chimfine ndi matenda opatsirana, ndi atherosulinosis yomwe ikupita patsogolo;
• ogwira anthelmintic.

Maluwa oyenda.

Kugwiritsa ntchito anyezi Pan

Ma chive, monga mitundu ina ya anyezi, amatanthauza zikhalidwe zobiriwira komanso zonunkhira. Zatsopano monga zonunkhira zimawonjezeredwa ku saladi onse a vitamini, nyama, nsomba ndi masamba. Masamba onyezimira, osangalatsa kulawa, osawawidwa mtima komanso owotcha, ndi gawo lofunikira kuphika, omeleti, soseji, miyala yamkaka.

Kulimbana ndi chisanu kumalola kuti pakhale nyengo yabwino yopanda miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yophukira. Ma chive amatha kuwuma kapena kuwuma ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuli kofunikira nthawi yachisanu.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a chives

Ma chive ndi gulu la zomera za herbaceous. Kutchire, ndikosatha; m'masamba oyambira masamba, makoko nthawi zambiri amabzala ngati chaka chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati osatha pamabedi a masamba, azikongoletsa rabatki.

Gawo lamkati lamkati lili ndi mababu abodza abodza (zidutswa 15 mpaka 15) zofiirira zofiirira kapena zofiirira, zophatikizika ndi mpweya waifupi. Mizu yambiri yofanana ndi ulusi imayambira pansi, pomwe imayikiridwa m'nthaka mpaka 0,5 metres. M'chaka chachiwiri, babu aliyense amapanga muvi wamaluwa ndipo kenako amatulutsa pachaka.

Mbali ya anyezi ya poto imayimiriridwa ndi tsinde labodza komanso masamba owonda owoneka bwino kapena masamba aubweya owoneka bwino obiriwira 25-255 cm, 5-8 mm mulifupi. Pansi, masamba amaphimbidwa. Kwa kanthawi kochepa (zaka 3-4), ma chives amapanga chitsamba chobiriwira 50-60 cm, kuchokera 40-100 zimayambira ndi masamba ndi inflorescence apical mawonekedwe a mipira yooneka ngati ma umbrella.

Maluwa a ma chives ndi ooneka ngati belu yopapatiza, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira yoyera mpaka ya lilac ndi yamtambo wamtambo. Zomera zimayamba kutulutsa mu Meyi-June mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo ndipo zimaphukira mpaka Ogasiti. Zipatsozo ndi bokosi. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimapangidwa, zomwe zimacha pang'onopang'ono mu Julayi-August, ndikupeza mtundu wakuda komanso mawonekedwe owongoka pang'ono.

Anyezi ndi ma chives masamba pafupifupi amakoma ngati anyezi, koma amakhala ndi mawonekedwe onunkhira bwino komanso onunkhira.

Ku Russia, ma subspecies amtundu wa 2 amakhala ambiri:

• Chirasha, kapena mapiri.
• Siberia.

Ma chives aku Russia akupanga mofulumira tchire tambiri tokhala ngati masamba abwino. Masamba ndi ofewa, amakula msanga mukadula. Kugawidwa m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yofunda.

Ma chives aku Siberian, mosiyana ndi a ku Russia, amakhala opanda nthambi, masamba amapanga zazikulu, omwe amakhala oyipa panthawi yothirira.

Zolemba zonse ziwiri za zikopa za anyezi sizigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kumasiyanitsidwa ndi ma subspecies a Siberia, omwe samazizira ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri.

Ma subspecies onsewa adakulitsidwa mchikhalidwe cha 1, 2 komanso osatha. Ndikofunika kwambiri kukula zaka zitatu m'malo amodzi, kenako ndikugawa ndikubzala tchire. Ndikulima motere, ma chives amapanga masamba ochulukirapo ambiri - zopangidwa zazikuluzikulu za mbewuyi.

Kuwombera kwa ma chives (mosiyana ndi mauta ena) amatha kupirira kuzizira kwachidule kupita -3 ... -4ºС. Masamba azomera zazikulu amalekerera chisanu chochepa popanda kuwononga masamba pa -6 ... -8ºС.

Osiyanitsidwa anyezi mababu a liwiro.

Kukula chives

Kusankha malo amapa chives

Kutengera njira yakulima, komwe chikhalidwe chamtsogolo chatsimikizika. Chofunikira chachikulu ndichokwanira chinyezi komanso chitetezo kuchokera ku dzuwa.

Ngati ma chives adzakulidwa mosatha, ndibwino kuyiyika payokha mu penumbra yonyowa pang'ono kapena kupereka madzi okwanira. Ndi malowa, chives, anyezi wautali amapanga masamba achifundo zazing'ono kwa nthawi yayitali. Dzuwa, masamba ndi opepuka komanso osayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuphika.

Mphukira zibzalidwe pamabedi azamasamba munjira ngati chomera chokhota.

Mchikhalidwe cha zaka 1-3, mitundu ingapo ingabzalidwe pochotsera, mitundu yosakanikirana. Monga nthawi yotentha, ma chives amabzala m'mabedi osiyana mu kasinthidwe kazomera.

Omwe amatsogolera komanso "oyandikana" ndi anyezi

Ma chive sapikisana ndi kaloti ndi tomato ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi mnansi wofunika kwa iwo.

Yogwirizana bwino ndi mitundu yonse ya maula nyemba, nandolo (malinga ndi malipoti ena - ambiri ndi nyemba), kabichi, beets.

Zotsatira zotsatirazi zimawerengedwa ngati zabwino kwambiri zakhazikitsidwa pachikhalidwe cha kufalitsa: amadyera, tomato, nkhaka, radishes, mbatata.

Ma chive - chomera chabwino cha uchi. Zimakopa njuchi ndi njuchi, zimathandizira kuti mungu ubowolere m'minda ndi zipatso.

Schnitt-anyezi amateteza mbewu zina ku nsabwe za m'masamba, utoto ndi utoto wopachika. Tizilombo sititha kulolera chives. Kuti muziwateteza, chives chifesani pafupi kapena m'mbali mwa masamba mabedi.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi ndi chives

Imasinthika ndikuchokera munthaka, koma imakula bwino komanso mwachangu m'malo achonde. Ndikofunika kwambiri kumasula m'deralo maudzu osatha. Amathandizira kwambiri pakumwalira kwa ma chives ang'ono.

Ngati dothi ndi lozama kwambiri, la clayey, kenako pansi pa kubzala anyezi, Mitundu imapanga humus kapena kompositi mu ndowa pa mita imodzi. m malo yophukira kukumba 20-25 cm.

Chapakatikati, kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi koyambirira, nthaka yakhwima imapangidwa, pang'ono pang'ono ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, mizere imathiriridwa.

Chiwembu chofesa ma chives ndi chofala. Ndikakulima kwanthawi yayitali, mbewu zimafesedwa kapena kubzala anyezi malinga ndi pulaniyo 45-50 x 25-30 masentimita. Zofesedwa ndi mbewu, nthangala zake m'nthaka sizidutsa 1 cm.

Kuwombera kumawonekera patsiku la 7-10. Potengera mizere yolembedwa, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa kuti liwonjezere mpweya wofika mizu ya mbewu. Mapangidwe ngati tsamba limodzi lenileni, mbewuzo zimapetedwa, ndikusiyira mbewu imodzi pa masentimita 10-12. Zotsalira kuchokera pamtunduwu zingabzalidwe mosiyana ngati mbande.

Kwa kulima kwa chaka chimodzi ndi ziwiri, ndibwino kubzala mizere pamitengo molingana ndi chiwembucho, 15-20 x 4-5 cm. Mukabzala mbande, amadyera angagwiritsidwe ntchito chaka chodzala.

Mbande za nthangala zobzala.

Chives

Mukabzala anyezi ndi mbewu mchaka choyamba, dothi limamasulidwa mwadongosolo. Udzu wa namsongole (umatha kumera mphukira zanthete), kuthiriridwa ndipo nthawi zonse modekha ndi mulch. Pofika nthawi yophukira, ziume zouma zimachotsedwa. Kukula, ma chives amapanga mawonekedwe owombera, amakula ndi udzu wobiriwira pansi wokutira nthaka. Kufunika kwamasulidwe ndi mulching ndiye kutha.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Mchaka chachiwiri komanso chotsatira, ma chives amadyetsedwa koyamba pambuyo poti kudula koyamba, komwe kumachitika masamba akamafika 25-25 cm. Pazovala zapamwamba, pangani kapu ya phulusa pa 1 sq. m dera kapena mayankho a madontho am'madzi (1:20 l amadzi), manyowa (1:15 l madzi). Mutavala pamwamba, mbewuzo zimayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera. Ngati palibe chilichonse chachilengedwe, mutha kudyetsa mbewuzo ndi nitrofos, azophos kapena kemira pamlingo wa 40-100 g / sq. m dera kutengera ndi msanamira wa mbewu. Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba ndi feteleza wa mchere chimachitika pambuyo poti 2-3 yadula zobiriwira. Mwa njira, chovala chachiwiri komanso chotsatira chazidutswa zachonde chitha kusiidwa ngati kukula kwa greenery kuli kwachibadwa.

Kuthirira chives

Chikhalidwe ichi ndi chowder chamadzi; chimafunikira kuthirira mwadongosolo. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse, koma osadzaza madzi. Mukachedwa ndi kuthirira, masamba amiyala amayamba kuzimiririka. Pakadali izi, zobiriwira zakumtunda zadulidwapo ndipo dothi saloledwa kuti liume pambuyo pake.

Greenery

Pakatha chaka 2-3, nthawi zina 4 amadula. Masamba a chives amadulidwa akamakula 25-25 cm (kutengera mitundu). Kudula koyamba nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakati pa Meyi, ndipo kotsiriza pafupifupi theka lachiwiri la Seputembiki kuti mbewuzo zikhale ndi nthawi yolimba mutatha kudula amadyera.

Ndili ndi chaka chimodzi cha 1 mukulima, kudula kumachitika nthawi yamwaka, ndipo mchaka chamawa, mbewu zimakumbidwa kwathunthu ndikugwiritsira ntchito chakudya ndi mababu anyezi a poto. Chikhalidwe chimabzalidwa ndi mbande m'malo atsopano.

Ndi kulima kwanthawi yayitali, kukumba chives kumachitika kwa zaka 3-5, pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lina la mbewu kuti ziberekane, ndipo zina zonse zimaphatikizidwa ndi chakudya.

Ma chive sangathe kukonzedwa ku greens ndi kukonzekera kulikonse. Sikuti amadwala ndipo sawonongeka ndi tizirombo.

Chives

Monga mbewu zonse zosatha, ma chives amafalitsidwa pofesa mbewu, kubzala mababu, mbande ndi kugawa chitsamba.

Kufalikira kwa anyezi ndi mbewu

Mbewu za chives, kukhalabe kotheka kwa zaka 2, kumera kwawo kwamtsogolo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ndi kulima kwanthawi yayitali, kufalitsa mbewu zodzilimbitsa nokha kumachitika, ngati mabokosiwo sanadulidwe nthawi isanayambe. Mutha kubzala mbewu kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March - koyambirira kwa Epulo, mu Julayi komanso kumapeto kwa Seputembala - mu Okutobala. M'miyezi yoyambirira, mbewu zimakhala zachifundo kwambiri, zimafunikira chisamaliro chowawa, kuthirira yambiri popanda kusayenda kwamadzi. Ndizothandiza kufalitsa chikhalidwecho kudzera mbande kapena kugawa chitsamba.

Kukula chives

Mbeu zatsopano mu theka loyambirira la Marichi, zikulowedwa m'madzi tsiku lililonse, zimafesedwa mpaka masentimita 0.5-1.0 m'mabokosi okonzedwa ndi gawo lonyowa. Phimbani ndi kanema. Kuwombera kumawonekera masiku 3-5. Kutentha kumakhala kokhazikika, osati kupitirira + 18 ... + 20 * C. Madzi pang'ono pang'ono. Kubzala pang'ono kumadulidwa mu gawo 1 la tsamba ili, koma ndibwino kubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo. Mugawo la masamba 2 owona, mbande zakubadwa masiku 50-60 zibzalidwa pamalo osatha. Kubzala dongosolo: 35-40 masentimita pakati pa mizere ndi 20-25 masentimita mzere pakati pa mbewu. M'chaka choyamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kudula 1-2 mwachangu. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri, anyezi amatulutsa. Dulani amadyera achuluke mpaka 3 - 4 pamsika.

Kugawanitsa

Pakakulidwa bwino kwambiri, ming'oma amatha kuphimba nthaka ndi tchire lopalaka. Kupanga kwanyengo kokulirapo kumachepetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, anyezi m'malo amodzi amakula zaka 3-5 ndikuziika, ndikugawa tchigawo zingapo. Pambuyo kuthirira kambiri, chitsamba chimadulidwa kuchokera pansi ndikuzama masentimita 12 mpaka 15. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chodzala, chitsamba chimagawidwa m'magawo a anyezi 2-3 mgawo. Ngati pali chives yambiri, anyezi ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Mwa njira, pakulima tchire lalikulu, mutha kukumba mosavomerezeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito gawo la mababu chakudya. Kubzala ndi kusamalira magawo ndizofanana pofalitsa mbewu zina.

Uta wothamanga, kapena ma chives (Allium schoenoprasum).

Mitundu yotchuka ya chives

Pakati panjira komanso kumadera ozizira kwambiri ku Russia, mitundu ya anyezi ya masamba imayikidwa m'malo otetezeka:

• Chemal;
• Chomera cha uchi;
• Zoopsa zaku Moscow;
• Velta;
• Bohemia
• Prague;
• Khibinsky;
• Elvi
• Vitamini chithunzithunzi;
• Siberia
• Chikola
• Albion.

Ma kives osiyanasiyana, Crocus, Elvi, Chemal, Bohemia ndi Albion adalembedwa mu State Record of siyana.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma chives, Bohemia ndi Medonos ndi omwe amapangika bwino kwambiri ndi ma perennials, ndipo Chemal - wazaka 1-2, kutula mbewu zonse chaka chamawa. Mwa kukoma, Chemali ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakuthwa, koma yosakhazikika kwa downy mildew. Pokolola koyambirira kwa mavitamini a vitamini, mitundu ya Prague ndiyoyenera. Bohemia imakonda kulima kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa sikuti imakhudzidwa ndi matenda. Khibinsky amapanga mawonekedwe okongola okongola a utoto wofiirira, abwino kwambiri ngati osatha. Mu malo amodzi kwa zaka 5-7, ndimapanga zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri zamasamba opindika.

Otsala adapanga mitundu yokongoletsera ya anyezi mu poto wamaluwa ndi malire:

• Pofunda
• Moscow;
• Elvi
• Albamu;
• Forescate

Mitundu iwiri yomaliza ya ma chives imapanga ma inflorescence okongola kwambiri a maluwa oyera ndi oyera a pinki. Zokongoletsa kuyambira Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa yophukira m'malire otsika. Elvi wakula ngati masamba ndi zokongoletsera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yoyera.

Okondedwa owerenga! Mwina mwakhala mukuzidziwa kale ma chives, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati ndiwo zamasamba komanso monga chikhalidwe chokongoletsera. Gawani ndemanga za momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito popangira mankhwala, pophika komanso zinsinsi zokulitsa vitamini wobiriwira uyu.