Amayi amtchire amakono amakono amakhalabe m'zigwa zouma za Botswana, Namibia, South Africa ndi maiko ena m'chigawochi. Mosiyana ndi mbewu zamtchire, mbewu zakutchire sizingatchedwe shuga kapena zazikulu. Mnofu wachikasu kapena zoyera mkati mwa zipatso za gramu 250 umakhala watsopano kapena wowawa paliponse.
Kusintha kwa Watermelon
Komabe, mavwende akutchire ku Africa anali amtengo wapatali, chifukwa apaulendo ndi apaulendo nthawi zina amakhala chinyontho chokha chopezeka. Munali m'minda yamalonda yomwe mavwende amabwera ku Middle East, Asia Minor.
Kuyesera kupeza zipatso zokulirapo ndi zotsekemera kunapangidwa ku Egypt wakale, mavwende anali okulira ku India, Persia ndi China. Ku Europe, chikhalidwe chinafalikira kale kwambiri kuposa zaka za XVI-XVII, ndipo mavwende amenewo, monga chithunzi cha imodzi mwazosangalatsa za nthawiyo, anali otsika potsekemera, zipatso komanso zipatso ku zipatso zakupsa zamakono.
Pazaka zana zapitazi, obereketsa adatha kupeza mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu yatsopano, ndikupatsa gourmets mwayi woyesa mnofu osati wofiira kapena wapinki, komanso wachikasu kapena pafupi kuyera. Ndipo khungubwi la mavwende m'mabedi apano sangathe kukhala obiriwira okhaokha kapena amtambo, komanso achikasu, oyera, amtundu kapena mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Okhala pachilimwe ndi alimi amapatsidwa masanja angapo ndi mitundu yophatikiza yomwe imabala zipatso zokoma zolemera kilogalamu imodzi mpaka 90. Kodi mitundu ya mavwende omwe akuwonetsedwa muchithunzichi ndi iti?Carolina Mtanda ", pafupifupi kukula mpaka 30-50 kg, koma nthawi zina amafikira kulemera pafupifupi 200 kg.
Nthawi ya mavwende a Astrakhan
Ku Russia, mavwende adalipo kale ku Little Russia, Kuban ndi dera lakumwera kwa Volga, pomwe nyengo idalola kupsa zipatso zokoma zazikulu. M'masiku a Soviet mpaka pano, mavwende ochokera pafupi ndi Astrakhan anali ndi ulemu wapadera komanso zofunika kuchokera kwa ogula. Mawu oti "chivwende cha Astrakhan" amatanthauza kuti pansi pa kutumphuka kotetemera, kaphokoso kofiyira, kamtengo wokoma ndi fungo labwino.
Dera ili limadziwika kuti ndi loyimira ku Soviet Union, ndipo mitundu ikuluikulu pamalowo inali chivwende cha Astrakhan.
Choyambirira chamizeremizere chowoneka ngati milochi chidapezedwa mu 1977 ku Astrakhan Institute of Vegetable and Melon growing. Mavwende akucha masiku 70-80 mutabzala zipatso zambiri kotero kuti mavwende okwana matani 120 anasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pa mahekitala a vwende, komwe, amatha kusungidwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ndi kupititsidwa mosavuta. Izi zimapangitsa mavwende a Astrakhan kukhala otchuka komanso okondedwa kwambiri mdzikolo.
Mavwende a Volgograd ochokera m'mudzi wa Bykovo
Malo achiwiri molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mavwende omwe amakhala ku Russia amalanda dera la Volgograd. Apa, pamaziko a malo osankhidwa okha ovomerezeka a Bykovskaya komanso malo oyesera ku USSR, mavwende otchuka otere adapezeka mu chithunzi monga Kholodok, Bykovsky 22, Triumph ndi oposa khumi ndi anayi osagonjera madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chaulimi komanso mitundu yabwino kwambiri yazikhalidwe zamunthu aliyense.
Mavwende amtundu wa Volgograd amaonedwa kuti ndi luso kwambiri pa mitundu yosankhira mitundu komanso mavinidwe oyenda pansi. Zilimidwe pamabedi amtunda, mitundu iyi nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa.
Watermelon Crimson Lokoma
Pomwe obereketsa ku Soviet ndi Russia adatsata njira yopezera mitundu ya mavwende omwe sagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo zonse za nyengo yakomweko, akatswiri azachilengedwe akunja ali ndi cholinga chosiyana. Mavwende akuluakulu okhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi mawonekedwe, ogula kwambiri komanso ogula komanso otsutsana ndi matenda, ndizofunikira kwambiri pano. Zowona, kuti mukule bwino mbewu, pamenepa muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri ndikupanga feteleza wambiri.
Mwa mitundu yachilendo, athu okhala m'chilimwe amadziwika bwino ndi mavwende a Crimson Lokoma, opezeka ndi obereketsa aku America. Zipatso zamtunduwu sizimasiyana kukula kwakukulu ndipo pafupifupi zimalemera mpaka 5 kg. Zosiyanasiyana, zakunja zofanana ndi mavwende otchuka a Astrakhan, zimakhala ndi kutsekemera kwapang'onopang'ono ndipo zimapereka mbewu zokhazikika m'masiku 65-80.
Pamaziko a mitundu yotchuka ya mavwende Crimson Lokoma pazaka zapitazi, mitundu yambiri yatengedwa, yayikulu kuposa kholo, komanso yotha kusungidwa nthawi yayitali.
Mwana wa shuga: chivwende Wachikulire Mwana wa
Mtundu wina wakale wakale wa Shuga Baby kapena Shuga wa Baby yemwe amadziwika ku Russia amabala zipatso zobiriwira zakuda ndi mnofu wofiira masiku 75-80 mutabzala. Mwana wa Watermelon Sugar kunja amawafanana ndi Spark wotchuka wa okhalamo chilimwe, koma ndi wamkulu. Mavwende am'madzi a Shuga amalemera kuyambira 3 mpaka 4,5 makilogalamu, ndipo thupi lawo limasiyanitsidwa ndi granularity ndi kukoma.
Ngati mitundu ya Ogonyok, yomwe idawonekera ku USSR kale mu 1960, ikadadziwika ku West, mwina zipatso zake zozungulira zomwe zili ndi khungu lakuda, lopanda mikwingwirizo zimatchedwa "chivwende chakuda". Ndipo ku Japan, Spark ikhoza kupikisana ndi mavwende okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi a Densuke osiyanasiyana ndi peel imodzi ya utoto wokhazikika, ndipo ndikuthokoza kuti zimatha $ 250 pafupifupi.
Mwezi ndi nyenyezi pa peza la mavwende
Mwachidziwikire, pamaziko a mitundu ina yakale ya mavwende akuda mu 1926 ku Missouri, mitundu yokhala ndi dzina la chikondi "Mwezi ndi Nyenyezi" idapezedwa. Masamba achikasu owoneka bwino osiyanasiyana okhala ngati zounikira usiku kuzungulira usiku momwemo amawabalalika pafupi ndi khungwa lakuda lamtunduwu komanso masamba.
Kwa pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi, mavwende amtunduwu, monga chithunzi, amakhalabe otchuka, ndipo masiku ano ma hybron sanawonekere ndi ofiira, komanso thupi la chikasu. Ma-watermelon oyenera kuyambira 9 mpaka 23 kg siachilendo pakati pa zipatso "nyenyezi".
Chithokomiro cha Marble
Mtundu wina wazipatso chifukwa cha gridi yabwino ya mitsempha yobiriwira yakuda yoyang'anizana ndi maziko a khungwa amatchedwa chivwende cha marble. Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala mavwende olemera 5 mpaka 15 makilogalamu okhala ndi zipatso, pinki kapena zamkati, mbewu yochepa komanso kukoma kwabwino kwambiri.
Chitsanzo cha chivwende cha nsangalabwi ndi mitundu yosankhidwa ya French Charleston Grey, yomwe idapereka banja lonse la zipatso ndi ma hybrids opatsa zipatso. Otsala aku Russia samasiyira kumbuyo kwa anzawo aku Western ndipo amaperekedwa kwa olima maluwa oyamba kucha a Gi Giant, mitundu yapa mavwende, monga chithunzicho, kupereka zipatso zazikulu mpaka 60 cm kutalika ndi masikono mpaka 15 makilogalamu, kutsutsana ndi chilala ndi matenda wamba azilonda.
Mavwende oyera amatha kukhala okoma
Ngati khungulo la mavwende a nsangalabwi limakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowonekera bwino, ndiye kuti mtundu wa American Navajo Zima nyengo Yachisanu umakhala woyera.
Thupi la chivwende choyerachi chimatha kukhala chapinki kapena chofiyira, koma limakhala chokolera komanso lokoma kwambiri. Zosiyanazo zimawoneka kuti ndizolekerera chilala, ndipo zipatsozo zimasungidwa mosavuta mpaka miyezi 4.
Ngati wamaluwa ndi ogula adayamba kale kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a mitundu yambiri, ndiye kuti thupi loyera kapena lachikasu la zipatso zoterezi ndi chidwi kwa anthu aku Russia. Koma ndiwowoneka wosakanizidwa mwachizolowezi chotenga mavwende ndi mitundu yomwe imamera patchire yomwe ili pachimake pa kutchuka ndipo imatha kukhala ndi mnofu wazithunzi zonse kuchokera ku kirimu lalanje, lalanje mpaka kutuluka loyera.
Zowona, nthawi zina motsogozedwa ndi chivwende choyera, anthu otentha chilimwe amapatsidwa dzungu la ku Peru, lomwe limakhala ndi masamba, ficifolia, ndi mawonekedwe a masamba ndi mawonekedwe a chipatso, ofanana ndi chivwende cha nsangalabwi, koma osatha kupikisana nawo mu kutsekemera.
Kodi mavwende achikasu amakoma bwanji?
Mavwende okhala ndi zamkaka zachikaso amaperekedwa kwa makasitomala lero pansi pa dzina la chinanazi, ngakhale kufanana kwa zipatsozi kumangokhala kokha ndi mawonekedwe okongola a magawo, ndipo kusintha kwa mitundu sikukhudza kukoma kwa chivwende chachikasu.
Makampani akuwerengedwa aku Russia amapereka nthawi yozizira kuti ayese mavwende a zinanazi omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pamabedi awo. Mavwende amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Lunny ali okonzeka kutolera m'masiku 70-75 kuyambira nthawi yamere wa mbande. Zipatso zokhala ndi ma peels owoneka bwino zimakula mpaka 3.5-4 makilogalamu ndipo zimakhala ndizabwino kwambiri.
Wophatikiza wosankha zoweta, Prince Hamlet F1 sikuti ndi kukhwima koyambirira. "Zowunikira" zake zazikulu ndizobisika pansi pa khungwa loonda. Kugunda kwa chivwende cha chinanazi cholemera mpaka 2 kg ndi mandimu achikasu, okoma.
Koma mitundu ya mavwende, mu chithunzi, Mphatso ya dzuwa imatha kusokonezeka mosavuta osati ndi chinanazi, koma ndi vwende, popeza zipatso za mtengowu zili ndi makungwa odabwitsa achikasu, ofanana kwambiri ndi masamba a mphonda wina wotchuka. Mavwende achikasu awa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga 12%, ali ndi kukoma kwakukulu, kapangidwe kake kamadzuwa ndi kupsa koyambirira.
Masiku ano, makampani akuweta ku Netherlands, USA ndi Japan akugwira ntchito mwamphamvu kuti apeze ma hybrid omwe amapanga mavwende opanda mbewu. Kwa zaka zingapo, zipatso zotere, zopanda mbewu kapena zokhala ndi zoyambira zokha, zalimidwa m'dziko lathu.
Chitsanzo pa izi ndi kontona wa chikasu wachikasu Prince Hamlet ndi watermelon wa kusankha kwa American St Stitit F1.
