Gazania - mlendo wochokera ku Africa

Chomera chowoneka bwino ndi chowala ichi, chotikumbutsa "chamomile", chimakonda kutchedwa "golide wamasana", chifukwa mawonekedwe ake otseguka amasungika masana masana, ndipo ngakhale ndiye nyengo yotentha yokha.

Dzina lake ndi Gazania (Gazania) adalandila polemekeza wansembe waku Italiya Theodore wa Gaza (1393-1478), yemwe adakhala m'zaka za 15th ndipo adatchuka ngati womasulira wa ntchito za Aristotle ndi Theophrastus m'Chilatini. Mkati mwa zaka za XVII, mbewuyo idayambitsidwa ku Europe. Mu maluwa okhuthala gwiritsani ntchito hybrid gazania (Gazania x wosakanizidwa.), yomwe imapezeka podutsa mitundu yambiri yamtchire.

Gazania ndi wa banja la Asteraceae, kapena Compositae. Kwawo - South Africa, Cape dera. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi 50.

Izi ndi zomera zokhwima za herbaceous zokhala ndi tsinde lalifupi kapena losakhalitsa, zomwe zimamera panthaka zobiriwira, zobiriwira bwino m'malo okhala louma komanso usiku. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira kapena obiriwira otuwa kumaso osayera amadzisunga kuti asatenthe kwambiri nyengo yotentha. Kuphatikiza apo, pubescence imasungabe madontho a chinyezi. Mawonekedwe a masamba azomera amasinthasintha ndipo amatha kukhala ozungulira, ma kanjedza, otayidwa, obiriwira-lanceolate kapena cirrus. Amasonkhanitsidwa muzu. Muzu ndi pachimake, chimalola mbewu kuti ichotse madzi kuzama nthawi yadzuwa. Maluwa amatengedwa m'mabasiketi akulu amodzi a inflorescence, mpaka 5-10 cm. M'mphepete mwa inflorescence mumizere imodzi ndi maluwa abodza. Kutengera mitundu ndi mitundu, imatha kukhala ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma maziko ake aliwonse amakongoletsedwa ndi malo amdima omwe amapanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso opereka chidwi ku inflorescence. Pakati pa inflorescence-basket muli maluwa ang'onoang'ono ambiri a tubular omwe ndi ofiira komanso amtambo wakuda. Mbewu zimapangidwa kokha mu maluwa a buluxual maluwa. Maluwa onama-zabodza ndi osabala. Chosangalatsa cha gazania ndikuti ma inflorescence awo amakhalabe otseguka kokha mothandizidwa ndi dzuwa. Usiku komanso nyengo yotentha, ma corolla a m'mphepete mwa maluwa amachepera ndipo amaphimba ma tubular apakati. Achenes muzomera ali ndi ubweya, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe. Mu 1 g, pali mbewu 250 zomwe zimapitilira kumera osaposa zaka ziwiri. Ma Peduncle, kutengera mitundu, amafika kutalika kwa 15-30 cm.

Kupambana kwa gazania kudayamba pomwe obereketsa adapanga ma hybrids osazolowereka ndi mitundu, mwa omwe pali mitundu ya terry. Izi ndiomera wokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso owala pang'ono kuchokera ku pinki kupita kumadontho ofiira amkuwa, wokhala ndi maluwa osabala, kotero mabasiketi awo samatha nthawi yayitali. Iwo ndi pulasitiki ochulukirapo, amalola nyengo yozizira bwino, ndipo m'mawa inflorescences imatseguka kale kwambiri kuposa mitundu. Mitundu yotere siyimatulutsa njere, chifukwa zimangofesedwa ndi odulidwa.

Gazania imawoneka bwino mosakanikirana ndi ma perennials ndi pachaka, m'mapikisano osakanikirana, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'matanthwe ndi miyala yamiyala, pafupi ndi snags ndi mizu, m'miphika, mapoto, omanga mabasiketi ndi mabasiketi, pamalo oyendera, makonde ndi mitengo. Ali bwino ndi lobelia, chamomile, gypsophila, dimorphic, yokhala ndi ageratum, arctotis, ursinia ndi venidium. Dulani, gazania imasungidwa m'madzi kwa masiku atatu mpaka asanu. Mitengo ikuluikulu ya maluwa obiriwira amakopa ndi mitundu yawo yachilendo ndipo amakongoletsa maluwa ndi maluwa.

Gazania ndi chomera chachikulu komanso chodabwitsa kwambiri. Pamthunzi ndi m'malo amdima amatambalala ndipo sichimatulutsa. Kuti mulime bwino pamafunika malo owala ndi dzuwa. Imakonda dothi lopepuka, lolimidwa mozama komanso la michere. Pakadutsa masiku 15 mpaka 20 mutabzala, mbewu zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa feteleza wazonse. M'madothi osavala bwino, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuchitika masabata awiri aliwonse maluwa asanayambe. Mitundu yonse ndi mitundu yonse ya gazania imakonda kuthirira moyenera ndipo salekerera chinyezi chambiri. Pa dothi lolemera, makamaka nthawi yamvula, amawoneka oponderezedwa. Ngati gazania yadzala m'mapanga, mbewu ziyenera kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi ndi feteleza wotalikirana masiku 10 mpaka 14 musanayambe maluwa. Maluwa amayamba m'mwezi wa Julayi ndipo amapitilira mpaka chisanu choyamba. Mitundu ina ya gazania imalekerera kutsika kwakanthawi kochepa kutentha mpaka -3 C. M'madera akumpoto ndi mzere wapakati wa Russia, gazania sikhala nthawi yozizira m'nthaka, chifukwa chake amakula ngati chaka. Koma nthawi yozizira imakhala yopanda mavuto m'chipinda chozizirirapo ndi chowala, m'malo obiriwira komanso minda yozizira pamtunda wa + 5-10 C. M'nyengo yozizira, osalola dothi kuti liume konse muzomera, madzi pang'ono. Chapakatikati, asanagwetse, dulani mphukira pakati. Zomera zamaluwa zimaphukira kumapeto kwa Marichi-Epulo. Kuchotsa inflorescence yozizira kumalimbikitsa kupanga mabasiketi atsopano. Gazania amalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.

Kufalitsa mbewu za gazania ndi zodula.

Zofesedwa ndi mbewu, mbande zimawonekera patadutsa masiku 10 mpaka mutabzala, pamtunda wa + 20-22 C. Zidamera mbande zamadzi, osadikira kuti pakhale tsamba loyambirira. Mukatola, ndikofunikira kufupikitsa msana, ndikuphwanya nsonga yake. Pakadutsa masiku 7-10 atadula, mbande zimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wovuta. Chovala chotsatira chapamwamba chimachitika m'masabata awiri. Asanabzale, mbande zimafunikira kupendekera, pang'onopang'ono kuzolowera kutentha: kutentha kwa dzuwa - masana, ndi otsika - usiku. Pakati pa Russia, mbande za gazania zimabzalidwa m'munda wamaluwa mkati mwa Meyi. Mbande yabzalidwa ndi chinyontho cha dziko lapansi kapena mumphika wa peat, mtunda pakati pa mbewu uyenera kukhala 15 cm cm.Patha masiku 80-100, mbewu zimaphuka. Mukabzala gazania kwa mbande kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, ndiye kuti maluwa ayamba kumayambiriro kwa Julayi.

Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, gazania imafalitsa ndi zodulidwa zomwe zimatengedwa kumbali yakumunsi pamunsi pa tsinde. Pa mizu, zodulidwazo zimasungidwa mu njira za mtundu wa kukula wa paraxin - 0% naphthylacetic acid (NAA) kapena 0,5% indolylbutyric acid (IMA). Poyamba, amatetezedwa ku dzuwa mwachindunji ndi zolemba. M'tsogolomu, asanabzalire m'mabedi amaluwa, iwo amabzala kutentha kwa + 15-18 C ndi kuyatsa kwabwino, kuthiriridwa ngati pakufunika.

Maumboni Zakuthupi:

• Shvelidze. C. Gazania - South Africa "daisy" // Mdziko la Plants No. 12, 2009. - p. 24-27
• Plotnikova. L. Magnolia // M'dziko la Zomera No. 5, 2003. - p. 40-45