Palibe udzu wonunkhira wowoneka bwino munyumba yamalimwe kuposa basil, omwe mitundu yake ya zithunzi ikukhala mwamtundu wamtambo wobiriwira, wofiirira komanso wa violet. Palibe fungo lolemera la zitsamba zatsopano. Kutengera ndi mitundu, kununkhira kwa masamba kumafanana ndi kununkhira kwa tsabola ndi vanila, sinamoni, camphor, mandimu ndi ma cloves, caramel ndi mitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana ya zolemba izi.
Pali mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya basil padziko lapansi, koma ochepa okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha ndikulima ngati dimba komanso mbewu yofunikira yopanga mafuta.
Mitundu ya basil, zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe achidule
Fungo lonunkhira, labwino kapena wamba wamba wokhala ndi tsabola wokoma ndi zonunkhira linakhala maziko operekera zomera ndi masamba osalala, akulu komanso omata. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, mitundu yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pamtundu wa basil wapeza fungo la ndimu, menthol, vanilla.
Masamba, inflorescence ndi mitengo ya camphor kapena masamba a timbewu, onga onunkhira wonunkhira, amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono, ena omwe amakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira omwe amafotokozera fungo labwino. Wokonda kutentha, monga mitundu ina ndi mitundu ya basil, mbewuyi idayamikiridwa kuyambira kale ndi akatswiri opanga mankhwala, onunkhira. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanachitike, zitsamba za udzu zojambulidwa pachithunzichi kumwera kwa dzikolo zidalimidwa kupangira ma camphor.
Ku Crimea, ku Kuban ndi North Caucasus, basu ya eugenolian imakulidwa, yomwe imakhala yayikulupo kawiri kuposa inzake ndipo, chifukwa cha eugenol yapamwamba, imakhala ndi fungo lowoneka bwino kwambiri. Mtengowu amaonedwa ngati mbewu yofunika yopangidwa ndi mafuta ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ngati zinthu zopangira popanga vanillin m'malo mwa zonunkhira komanso zodzikongoletsera.
Ku India, kuchokera kuzinthu zazitali kwambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya basil, timalemekeza kwambiri basil yoyera kapena yopanda pake. M'malo otentha, tulasi, monga momwe chimatchulidwira, chimawoneka ngati chitsamba cha herbaceous chosatha, chimanunkhira mwamphamvu ma clove, ndipo masamba amatha kukhala obiriwira kapena ofiirira.
Fungo la basil limatsimikizika ndi kuphatikiza kwa mafuta ofunikira omwe amapezeka muzitsamba.
Mitundu yamakono ili ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, lomwe silipezeka ku chikhalidwe chilichonse cha zonunkhira.
Nthawi yomweyo mitundu yonse ya basil yomwe imamera m'minda, monga chithunzi, ndi thermophilic ndipo imatha kuzizira kwambiri ngakhale pa kutentha kwa zero. Koma izi sizimaletsa wamaluwa kubzala mbewu ndi mbande kapena kubzala basil kale kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, nthawi ya chisanu ndi usiku wozizira itatha.
Kufotokozera ndi zithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya basil yosankhidwa
Kuyamba kwa kulima mafakitale ku basS ku USSR kudayikidwa m'ma 20 a zana lomaliza. Kenako chikhalidwecho adangolimbikitsidwa kumadera akum'mwera, kuphatikiza Crimea ndi Caucasus. Malire akumwera kumpoto kwa malo achitonthozo anali ozindikiridwa ngati dera la Voronezh. Masiku ano, mitundu yabwino kwambiri yobiriwira komanso yofiirira imapezeka kwa anthu otentha chilimwe a madera ena.
Anisovy Aroma basil osiyanasiyana okhala ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino lonunkhira ndiosavuta kuzindikira osati fungo lake, komanso kuphatikiza masamba obiriwira, masamba ang'onoang'ono komanso masamba ofiira kapena otuwa. Thungwe lalitali pakati mwakufuna kwake nthawi yonse yotentha limapereka kanyumba ndi zokometsera zabwino kwambiri.
Basil wosiyanasiyana, pachithunzichi, Fungo la ndimu yophika kale mwezi ndi theka pambuyo kumera limapatsa mafuta ammadzi owala ndi kununkhira kosasangalatsa kwa ndimu. Mitunduyi imakhala ya mitundu ikuluikulu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe, yowoneka ngati ma masamba, ndipo imadziwikanso ndi mafuta ambiri ofunika omwe amapatsa masamba obiriwira kutheka kufewetsa chifuwa, kutsitsa m'mimba colic, ndikuwongolera matenda a kutupa ndi mabala.
Wopangidwira okonda zokometsera, tiyi wokometsera, Lemononyo amapanga chitsamba chaching'ono mpaka 35cm chotalika ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso masamba obiriwira oyera obiriwira.
Gawo lonse lapaulo loyambirira la mandimu oyipirawa lili ndi mafuta ambiri ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano komanso potentha nyengo yozizira, kuyanika ndi kuzizira.
Kununkhira kwa Basil Vanilla sikumveka zazikulu zazikulu. Tchire limakula mpaka masentimita 35 - 40, koma mitundu yokhala ndi masamba ofiirira ndi maluwa a lilac idasangalatsabe kwambiri kwa wamaluwa. Zomwe sizili zachilendo kwa zitsamba zonunkhira, fungo labwino la vanila, lomwe limapangitsa kuti basil ikhale yofunikira kwambiri muzakudya zamadzimadzi komanso kusungidwa kwa zipatso ndi mabulosi, m'masewera otsekemera ndi masaladi a zipatso. Tsamba lokhala ndi zonunkhira zimapereka mawonekedwe kwa tiyi.
Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba awa nthawi zambiri imatchedwa basil yofiirira. Koma pamenepa, simuyenera kusokoneza basil ndi mwano, zonunkhira zodziwika bwino ndi masamba obiriwira, motley kapena masamba ofiirira amtundu wowongoka wamtima kapena wopindika.
Basil Green wonunkhira mutabzala imakula msanga, ndikupanga chitsamba chokhazikitsidwa bwino chomwe chili ndi kutalika masentimita 40 mpaka 50. Masamba akuluakulu amapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino wobiriwira, ali ndi malo osavuta otuta komanso fungo lonunkhira bwino. Basil yosiyanasiyana, pachithunzichi, imayenda bwino ndi tomato watsopano, tchizi choko ndi tchizi, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mbale zam nyama ndi marinade.
Zosiyanasiyana za Basil Zosangalatsa zidzakondweretsa wokongoletsa m'munda ndi fungo labwino komanso zonunkhira. Masamba amtunduwu ndi ang'ono, ali ndimtambo wakuda. Zimayambira zimakhala ndi utoto wa anthocyanin, nthambi yabwino bwino ndipo imatalika masentimita 40-50.
Fungo la sinamoni la basil.Munthu wokometsera onunkhira bwino komanso masamba ake owoneka bwino obiriwira omwe anali ndi lilac adasiyanitsa atsogoleriwo pakati pa omwe adakhala nthawi yachilimwe ku Russia. Kuphatikiza kosazolowereka kwa zipatso, mchere, zakumwa zotentha ndi zozizira kumakondweretsa onse akulu ndi achinyamata a gourmet.
Zosiyanasiyana Caramel amatanthauza mitundu yapakatikati ya nyengo. Mwezi umodzi ndi theka kapena iwiri mutabzala, mtengowu umakhala tchire lalitali 40-50 cm wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Chofunikira kwambiri pachikhalidwecho chimawululidwa mu dzina la mitundu. Greens imakhala ndi fungo labwino la caramel, mosakayikira imapereka zolemba zodziwika bwino ku zokometsera mchere, zamapichesi, masaladi a zipatso ndi kukonzekera kopanga tokha.
Basil onunkhira - chowonjezera chofunikira kwambiri cha nyama yokazinga ndi yophika, masaladi atsopano ndi marinade. Chitsamba cha basil yokhala ndi masamba ofiirira, masamba omwewo komanso ofiira ofiira ofiira pa nyengo imapereka mpaka magalamu 230 a masamba onunkhira bwino kwambiri ndipo nthambi zanthete zikamaponda.
Basil Fragrant violet wokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu ofiira a redi ndi rasipiberi kapena maluwa ofiirira ali ndi fungo labwino la tsabola. Kuteteza fungo, masamba amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziwonjezeredwa mwatsopano, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito marinade, kuteteza kunyumba, pakukonzekera mafuta onunkhira a masamba ndi viniga.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zamtundu woyambirira kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yotentha mungathe kupeza magalamu 250 a masamba abwino kuchokera pachomera.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Basil Smuglyanka idzakondweretsa okonda masamba obiriwira onunkhira bwino ndi kununkhira kowoneka bwino, osafunikira kwenikweni m'mabwinja ndi masaladi okhala ndi tomato kapena spaghetti.
Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yapamwamba kwambiri ya basil, pachithunzichi, imaganiziridwa bwino kuti Ararid ndi maluwa ofiirira, mitengo yofiirira-yofiirira ndi masamba obiriwira, okongoletsedwa mokulira ndi lilac, kupopera utoto ndi mitsempha. Mtundu wobiriwira waku Araras Basil uli ndi fungo labwino la tsabola, kukoma kosangalatsa, ndipo mbewu ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zitheke, zikukula mwachangu komanso kulawa kwakukulu.
Makani a mbewu zomwe zimamera pawindo adzagwiritsa ntchito basilisk omwe akuwonetsedwa m'chithunzichi ndi masamba obiriwira aatali komanso chitsamba chotalika 20 cm okha. Kunyumba, amadyera okhala ndi fungo la tsabola-clove amakula popanda zovuta chaka chonse. Mutha kuuthira mumphika ngakhale chomera chachikulire chodzala mabedi.
Kulawa kwa Basil kwa Cinnamon kudzapatsa zipatso zoyamba zokometsera kwa wokhalamo chilimwe. Masamba amitundu iyi samangokhala ndi kununkhira kwa sinamoni pachikhalidwe, komanso amakongoletsa mbale iliyonse chifukwa cha wofiirira kapena wa strt wobowola tsamba lonse la masamba.
Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya masamba obiriwira a Pakati pa Gourmet Clove ndi mbewu yodziwika bwino, masamba ake abwino omwe amaphatikizidwa bwino ndi masamba ndi nyama, tchizi ndi nsomba. Zonenepa zochulukirapo ndizoyenera kudya zatsopano ndipo musataye kununkhira kwa clove mutayanika. Nyengo, chitsamba mpaka 60 masentimita chimapereka pafupifupi 800 magalamu a masamba abwino a masamba.
Chotchuka kwambiri kwa anthu olima maluwa ku Russia, basil yofiirira ya Yerevan mwachangu imapanga msanga, nthambi yabwino mpaka 60 sentimita. Masamba amtunduwu amakhala ndi fungo labwino la tsabola ndipo samataya masamba awo ndi kupukuta kapena kuzizira.
Kupereka zonunkhira za clove wonunkhira komanso kukoma kwa kutetezedwa kwa nyumba Basil kamvekedwe kabwino ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri pakati pa nzika za chilimwe, zomwe zimafunidwa chifukwa cha zipatso zake zambiri komanso kununkhira kowoneka bwino kwazomera. Nyengo, zitsamba zomwe zimakula mwachangu pa mita lalikulu lililonse zimapereka kilogalamu zitatu za masamba azonunkhira kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu onse.
Ngakhale pazithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Thai Basilica, mutha kuwona bwino momwe mbewu iyi imawonekera komanso yowala. Mwa kumanja, mitundu yomwe idalandira ulemu wachifumu sikuti imangopatsa chidwi ndi inflorescence zachilendo zamtundu wokhazikitsidwa ndi lilac hue komanso masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Mtundu wobiriwira wamtunduwu uli ndi fungo labwino la tsabola komanso zonunkhira. Okonda mbewu zokongoletsera, komanso iwo amene ali ndi miphika yazitsamba kunyumba, pawindo kapena khonde, adzayimilira Basil yosiyanasiyana iyi yotulutsa miyezi iwiri.
