Mwa alimi a maluwa, makamaka oyamba kumene, mbewu zosakhazikika m'nyumba ndizodziwika kwambiri, sizifuna chisamaliro chokhazikika, komanso zimatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa bwino. Chimodzi mwa maluwa ndi mtengo wa ndalama - kuwasamalira kunyumba ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta, koma poyankha, chitsamba chimakusangalatsani ndi korona wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso kukula kwantchito. Kodi mbewuyi ndi iti, ndipo mwakulitsa chiyani, tiyankhula izi mwatsatanetsatane lero.
Khalidwe la botanical
Mtengo wa ndalama umaimira banja la Crassulaceae kuchokera kumtundu wa Crassul ndipo adadza kwa ife kuchokera kutali kwambiri ku Africa. Nyengo yotentha kudziko la chomera imaperekanso mtundu wa zotumphukazo: nyengo yotentha kwambiri komanso mvula yochepa, amakakamizidwa kudziunjikira chinyezi mu mphukira ndi masamba kuti azitha kudzipatsa okha mphamvu yopatsa moyo pakati pa mvula. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, mphukira ndi masamba a masamba azikhala wokhwima komanso wathanzi.
Mtengo wa ndalama uli ndi mayina ena, pakati pawo: Crassula, Crassula, dollar kapena nyani nyani.
Crassula kapena mtengo wa ndalama umatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Pali mitengo yonse yocheperako yotalika masentimita angapo, ndipo mitengo yeniyeni mpaka 4 m.Perennials ndiye gulu lalikulu la crassulas, koma mitundu yapachaka imakhalanso ndi malo okhala. Zomera zambiri zimakhala ndi mphukira yowoneka bwino komanso masamba omwe amapaka utoto wobiriwira ndi utoto wabuluu, wachikasu kapena wofiyira komanso wokutira matte. Mu zoyerekeza ngati mitengo, mitengo ikuluikulu imakhala yodzikongoletsa, koma magulu onse awiriwa amakhala ndi mphukira zamphamvu zokulirapo, pomwe thunthu lamkati limakutidwa ndi makungwa aimvi patapita nthawi.
Tchire limatha kukhala ndi luso lotha kubzala ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi limamanga korona wobiriwira, wozungulira, koma mizu yake ndiyochepa. Mizu yochepa imabisala pansi panthaka ndipo nthawi zambiri imalephera kupirira chomera chonsecho, ndipo imagwera, makamaka ngati yabzalidwa panthaka yopanda chonde.
Mtengo wa ndalama umatchedwa chomera chifukwa cha masamba omwe amapezeka mumtundu wina - amawoneka ngati ndalama zoyendayenda.
Chisoti chachifumu cha mkazi wonenepa chimakongoletsanso kwambiri, koma zikuluzikulu za maambulera oyera ngati maluwa amodzi ataphukira, mtengo wamitengo yamaluwa imakhala chokongoletsera nyumba.
Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti ndizosowa kuwona mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino, makamaka kunyumba. Ndipo m'chilengedwe, mbewu zimangomera pachaka cha 11 cha moyo ndikutuluka yophukira kapena nyengo yachisanu isanayambe.
Malingaliro odziwika
Mitundu ya Crassula ndi yochuluka kwambiri ndipo imaphatikizapo maulamuliro a mazana asanu. Pali ena mwa iwo onse mbewu zomwe zimamera munjira ya mtengo, ndi zokwawa, komanso mitundu ina ya hygrophilous yomwe imakonda kukhala m'mizinda yamadzimadzi. Monga duwa lanyumba, mtengo wamafuta umakonda kumera msanga - chitsamba chokhotakhota, chokhazikika bwino chokhala ndi mphukira zopanda masamba ndi masamba osalala monga mawonekedwe a dzira. Masamba amatha kuvekedwa ndi matte wokutira kapena kukhala ndi bint yoyera.
Monga zikhalidwe zamaluwa akunyumba, palinso mitundu yamtengo yamtengo, chithunzi chomwe chimafotokozedwa motanthauzira:
- Purslane Crassula. Amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ndi masamba: Masamba obiriwira owala bwino, okhala ndi sheen wonyezimira, monga ngati ellipsis, mkati mwa mbale ndi wokulirapo kuposa m'mphepete. Mphukira zimasinthasintha komanso nthawi, ndipo khungwa limakhala litakwinyika. Kutalika kwa tchire lokha kumatha kufika 2 m.
- Madzi oyera. Chomera choyambirira chopanda thunthu, chophatikizira ndi nthambi zambiri zowongoka, pomwe m'mizere inayi, masamba ang'onoang'ono achikasu obiriwira okhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu. Nthambi zimapachika pamphika ndi zaka.
- Milky Crassula. Imasiyanasiyana mphukira zokwawa ndi masamba obiriwira ovoid okhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa pamalo oyera pafupi m'mbali.
- Crassul Cooper. Mphukira zabodza, masamba obiriwira obiriwira yokutira kwathunthu ndi madontho ofiira.
- Crassula tetrahedral. Shrub, mphukira zopyapyala, masamba amawoneka ngati singano yopapatiza.
Zowongolera
Kuti chitsamba chikule bwino mlengalenga, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungabzalire mtengo wamtengo, komanso mtunda ndi poto yomwe ikufunika kutola. Kusankha kwa mphika kumachitika chifukwa cha zomwe mizu yake idamera komanso mbewu yake yomwe. 
Zopangira pulasitiki zowala za duwa sizigwira ntchito, popeza kuchuluka kwa gawo lakumwambalo kuli kokulirapo kangapo kuposa "mphamvu" ya mizu. Chovala chamaluwa chizikhala cholemera kwambiri komanso chokhazikika, apo ayi chimatembenukira pansi pa kulemera kwa redgrass kapena duwa lidzadzulidwa.
Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa pazakudya zazikulu - m'makola akuluakulu, muzu umalowanso mozama, chifukwa chomwe thunthu limatambasulira ndikufooka.
Makamaka chisamaliro chiyenera kulipidwa pakusankhidwa kwa dothi, kupatsa chidwi chinyezi- komanso gawo lopumira lomwe lingakhale ndi "lolemetsa", chifukwa osakaniza osakhudzidwa ndi dothi sangathe kuyimitsa mawonekedwe akuluakulu. Njira yabwino ikakhala kugula zinthu zosakaniza kapena zowerengera zofanana ndi zinthuzi:
- dziko la turf;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga.
Kukula tchire lalikulu, mkazi wonenepa ayenera kubzalidwa mmodzi ndi mmodzi.
Pakadutsa zaka 2-3 zilizonse, chomera chomwe chikukula chimayenera kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa, kusinthira mphika ndi nthaka. Ndikofunikira kuyika ngalande pansi pa chidebe, ndipo ngati mayi wonenepa wakula kwambiri nthawi imeneyi, amatha kuchepetsedwa.
Zinthu zikukula
Kusamalira mtengo kunyumba poyamba kumakhala ndi kupanga maluwa omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe zachilengedwe. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Kuwala Kuti chitsamba sichitambasuka, ndipo mphukira zake sizigwa, ndikofunikira kuyika mphikawo pawindo lakumwera chakum'mawa. Padzakhala mafuta ndi kuwala kokwanira, ndipo cheza chowongolera sichitha kuwononga. Ndikwabwino kupewa mazenera akum'mwera nthawi yotentha, chifukwa masamba amatha kuzimiririka ndikugwa kuchokera kuzowonjezera dzuwa, koma nthawi yozizira ano ndiye malo abwino kwambiri.
- Kutentha kwa mpweya Kwa chilimwe, duwa la maluwa lidzakhala labwino kubweretsa pachilimwe cha chilimwe - duwa la mtengo wamtengo limakonda mpweya wabwino. Pofika nyengo yachisanu, mmera uyenera kutenga chipinda chozizira ndi kutentha kosaposa 15 digiri Celsius. Mukamazizira nyengo yachisanu m'chipinda chotentha, chitsamba sichitha, koma pang'ono pang'ono masamba.
- Chinyezi Monga chomera chotentha, mkazi wonenepa safuna chinyezi chambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Kuchotsa fumbi, timapepala titha kupopera kapena kupukuta ndi siponji yonyowa.
Mtengo wa ndalama - duwa lomwe lili ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimafuna kukhalapo. Imatha kukula pafupifupi m'malo aliwonse, koma salola kuloledwa.
Kuthirira ndi kuvala
Ndikosavuta kulima mtengo kunyumba, ndikuyisamalira, choyambirira, ndikupanga kuyang'anira boma lotungira madzi. Monga ma suppulents onse, duwa limakonda kwambiri kukasira kwamadzi munthaka, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupewa kuthama. Zotsatira zakusowa kwa kunyowa sizingakhumudwitsidwe: masamba adzatsika, nthambi zidzaphukira, koma mutathilira zonse zidzauka limodzi. Koma ngati chitsamba chimathiridwa nthawi zonse, chimangovunda.
Kutengera ndi nyengo, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumasinthasintha:
- kasupe, chinyezi chambiri kamodzi pa sabata ndikokwanira;
- nthawi yotentha, pakatentha, kuthilira pafupipafupi kukufunika - mpaka kawiri pa sabata;
- M'nyengo yozizira, makamaka pamene mafuta ali bwino, sayenera kuthiridwanso kamodzi sabata iliyonse.
Ndikosatheka kuthirira mtengo wamadzi kunyumba ndi madzi ozizira, apo ayi adzaponya masamba.
Zokhudza mavalidwe apamwamba, zakudya zonse zofunika za maluwa zimapezeka mu feteleza wa cacti (mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi). 
Ndiponso, palibe chifukwa chovutirira: kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe apamwamba kumagwera m'chilimwe (kawiri pamwezi), kasupe ndi yophukira amachotsedwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira amasiya.
Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza mkazi wamafuta pamtunda wonyowa (mutatha kuthirira), pakati pa ndende zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa phukusi.
Momwe mungapangire korona wokongola?
Nthambi za mtengo wa ndalama zimakhala bwino, koma mothandizidwa ndikudulira ndizotheka kupangitsa chitsamba kukhala chophukira komanso chozungulira. Ndikofunikira kuyamba ndi "ubwana" pomwe chomera chaching'ono sichimapitirira 20 cm.
Pogwiritsa ntchito lumo kapena misomali yokha, muyenera kuchotsa masamba apamwamba kwambiri. Posachedwa mphukira zatsopano zikhala pamalopo. M'tsogolomu, njirayi imachitika ku nthambi zonse zomwe zimamera molunjika osathamangira kunthambi, zimapatsa chitsamba momwe chikufunira.
Njira zolerera
Kunyumba, mtengo wa ndalama nthawi zambiri umayalidwa ndi kudulidwa kapena masamba. Amazika mizu m'madzi ndikusintha kwina kukhala dothi losakaniza kapena nthawi yomweyo pansi.
Iwo omwe amakonda kuyesa amayesa kufalitsa msungwana wamafuta mu njira yodzala. Kuti muchite izi, mbewu zimafesedwa mumchenga wosakanizika ndi nthaka mu 1: 2 ndikusungidwa pansi pagalasi mpaka kumera pamalo owala. Mbewu zachikulire zimalowa mu miphika yaying'ono.
Maluwa ngati mchiritsi
Pa mphamvu yamatsenga a Crassula kuti akope chuma ndi kuchita bwino kwa mwini wake, aliyense adazimva, koma kuwonjezera pa izi, mtengo wa ndalama uli ndi zinthu zochiritsa. Choyamba, imatsuka bwino mpweya wa zinthu zovulaza, ndikuchita ngati kusefa. Kuphatikiza apo, msuzi wa Crassula:
- pukuta mafupa ndi nyamakazi;
- kankhanani ndi zilonda zapakhosi kapena mano owonda;
- kupanga zotupa za mabala, mikwingwirima kapena mabala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wazachidziwitso kumakhala kwachilendo kwachilengedwe. Ndikosatheka kumwa juwisi kapena mankhwala okonzedwa pamasamba kapena masamba mphukira mkati, popeza ali ndi arsenic m'ndende yoopsa kwa anthu.
Nthawi yovuta mukamakula rosula
Mwambiri, mkazi wonenepa ndiye duwa wokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso kawirikawiri, koma zochitika zosasangalatsa ndi izo zimachitikabe. Ambiri a iwo amalumikizidwa ndi chisamaliro chosayenera ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kugwa masamba a mtengo wa ndalama. Ngati mungazindikire kuti tsiku lililonse pansi pa chitsamba pawindo pali masamba agwa, zomwe zimapangitsa tsamba kuti ligwe liyenera kufunidwa motere:
- kukonzekera;
- kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira;
- kusowa kapena kusowa kothirira;
- Kutentha kwa chipinda ndikwambiri.
Ndi chinyezi chambiri, mizu ndi thunthu la mbewuzo zowola.
Mwa tizirombo, crassula imatha kuukira:
- Chotchinga. Zizindikiro zowonongeka: zofiirira zimamera pamasamba ndi mphukira, zomaliza zimatha. Chithandizo: kuchotsa tizirombo tomwe timanyowa kale ndi swab ya mowa.
- Mealybug. Zizindikiro zowonongeka: pansi ndi pachifuwa cha masamba zimawoneka zodwala, zikupezeka mu bowa wa sooty, komanso tizilombo tambiri tambiri tambiri. Choyamba, masamba onse amagwa, thunthu limakhalapo, kenako duwa limafa. Chithandizo: chithandizo ndi yankho la soapy koyambirira, ndi chotupa chachikulu - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Actelik.
- Spider mite. Zizindikiro zowonongeka: Tsamba loyera pamalowo, malo owoneka pamakala pamasamba kuchokera kuluma. Chithandizo: chithandizo ndi Fitoverm kapena sopo.
Pazonse, kusamalira mtengo wamtundu kunyumba sikukhala ndi zovuta. Ngati mukukhumba komanso nthawi yaulere, mutha kumadzala chitsamba chobiriwira kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo mwamwayi, ngakhale mutakhala pachimake.
