Amaranth

Chomera monga Amaranth (Amaranthus) chimatchulidwanso kuti shakira, ndipo ndi cha mtundu wa Amaranth. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, zitha kukumana ku India, America ndi China. Amaranth tricolor ku East Asia wakula ngati ndiwo zamasamba. Nthawi yomweyo, nyamazo, kuphatikizapo zachisoni ndi zosokoneza amaranth, nthawi zambiri zimamera ngati chomera chokongoletsera. Zaka 8,000 zapitazo, mbewu monga nyemba ndi chimanga idakhala mbewu yayikulu ya anthu omwe amakhala kudera lomwe South America ndi Mexico tsopano, Aaziteki ndi Inca. Pali mitundu yomwe masiku ano imaberekanso mbewu, mwachitsanzo, nkhawa kapena kufinya. Ndipo pali omwe amatengedwa ngati namsongole, mwachitsanzo, amaranth woponyedwa kumbuyo kapena wamtambo. Zomera zidalowa maiko aku Europe chifukwa cha oyendetsa Spain aku Spain. Poyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito pongokongoletsa, komabe, kuyambira zaka za zana la 18, amaranth adayamba kukula, monga chikhalidwe cha phala kapena chakudya. Mawu achi Greek akuti "amaranth" potanthauzira amatanthauza "maluwa wopanda". Ku Russia, chomerachi nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa axamite, mchira wa mphaka, tsekwe wa pine, cockerel scallop, komanso velvet.

Mawonekedwe a Amaranth

Mphukira za mbewuyi ndizophweka kapena nthambi. Malo omwe masamba onse amapezeka amakhala ovoid, lanceolate kapena diamondi. Pansi pa tsambalo limakwezedwa ndi petiole, pomwe pamwamba pa bwalopo pali notch ndi lakuthwa pang'ono. Maluwa a axillary ndi omata, amatha kupaka utoto wofiirira, wofiirira, wagolide kapena wobiriwira. Maluwa ofanana ndi gawo limodzi la zoopsa zokhala ndi khutu. Chipatsochi chikuyimiriridwa ndi bokosi lomwe mkati mwake muli nthomba zazing'ono. Mtundu wa chomera pawokha ukhoza kukhala wofiirira, wobiriwira kapena wofiirira, koma pali mitundu yomwe amaranth imaphatikiza mitundu yonseyi yamtundu umodzi nthawi imodzi. Kutalika kwa mtengowo kumasiyana masentimita 30 mpaka 300 (kutengera mitundu). Pakati patali imakula ngati chomera pachaka.

Kukula amaranth kuchokera ku mbewu

Kufesa

Kukula maluwa otere ndikosavuta. M'madera ena, kufesa mwachindunji m'dothi zitha kuchitika kale m'masiku omaliza a Epulo, dothi liyenera kutenthedwa mpaka madigiri 10 mpaka 5 mainchesi. Komabe, musanayambe kufesa, ndikofunikira kukonza malowa, chifukwa, pakukumba, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mchere (1 mita² pafupifupi magalamu 30 a zinthu) kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wovuta, kutsatira malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewu moyenera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumathandizira kuti ma nitrites amawoneka mu duwa, zomwe zimabweretsa ngozi kuumoyo wa anthu. Mbewu zikafesedwa munthawi yake, amaranth amayamba kukula mwachangu ndikumiza udzu, motero sudzafunika udzu. Pofesa mu dothi lonyowa, ma sapulawo amapangidwa ndipo mbewu zimayikidwamo, pomwe zimangofunika kuzama ndi sentimita imodzi ndi theka. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, mutha kusakaniza mbeu zing'onozing'ono ndi utuchi kapena mchenga wowonekera (1:20), womwe umathandizira kufesa. Mtunda pakati pa mizere uzikhala pafupifupi masentimita 45, pomwe mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala kuyambira 7 mpaka 10 cm. Pankhaniyi, wamaluwa omwe akudziwa bwino samalangiza kuti asakanikize mbeu ndi kufesa, koma kuyiyika imodzi. Pakadutsa milungu pafupifupi 1-1.5, mbande zoyambilira zidzaoneka, pambuyo pake zidzakhala zofunika kuonda ngati kuli kofunika, ndikumasula dothi pakati pa tchire. Ngati kufesa kumachitika mu Meyi, ndiye kuti udzu uyeneranso kutulutsidwa. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli masentimita 20, kuyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, koma nthawi yomweyo ½ gawo la mlingo womwe umalimbikitsidwa phukusi limatengedwa. Zilibe kanthu kuti mukule chani ichi, chitha kukhwima pokhapokha miyezi 3 mpaka 3 mutabzala.

Mbande

Ngati mukufuna, mutha kukula amaranth kudzera mbande, zomwe ndizosavuta kuchita. Kufesa mbewu za mbande zopangidwa m'masiku omaliza a Marichi. Pofesa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamapulasitiki wamba kapena miphika yosavuta, kufikira kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Kufesa kumachitika mu dothi lonyowa, pomwe mbewu zake zimakuzika ndi 15-20 mm. Pambuyo pake, chidebe chimasinthidwa kupita kumalo abwino otentha. Ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewu ndi mfuti yothirira, pomwe mbande zimawonekera mwachangu ngati zingapatse kutentha kwa madigiri 22. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti mbande yoyamba mukatha kuona patatha masiku 7. Mphukira zitawonekera, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse, pomwe masamba ofooka amafunika kuchotsedwa. Matumba pamatumba amodzi (mainchesi 12 sentimita) amapangidwa pomwe pali masamba atatu enieni pazomera.

Tikufika

Nthawi yoti afike

Nthaka ikatha kutentha bwino, ndipo chisanu chikasiyidwa, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti ndikudzaza mbande kuti dothi lotseguka. Monga lamulo, nthawi ino imagwera pakati kapena masiku omaliza a Meyi. Malowa abzalidwe amayenera kusankhidwa ndi dzuwa komanso kunyowetsedwa, pomwe dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lodzaza ndi michere komanso lofunikira laimu. Chomera choterocho chimakhala chosasamala, koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti chikuwopa chisanu, kusefukira kwa madzi kuyenera kupewedwanso. Musanadzalemo, muyenera kuthira dothi pobweretsa nitroammophosk mmalo mwake pokumba (pa mita imodzi ndi 20 magalamu 20 a chinthu).

Kuwulula

Mtunda pakati pa mbewu zimatengera mitundu ndi mitundu. Chifukwa chake, pakati pamizere ndikofunikira kusiya masentimita 45-70, komanso pakati pa tchire - 10-30 sentimita. Zomera zobzala zidzafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse mpaka zikadwala ndikuyamba kukula. Pakakhala kuzizira, mbewuzo ziyenera kuphimbidwa.

Zosamalidwa

Kusamalira chomera choterocho ndikofunikira kokha kufikira itakula. M'milungu inayi yoyambirira, mbewu zobzalidwa zimadziwika ndi kufalikira pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi, namsongole ndikumasulidwa nthawi. Kenako ma amaranth amayamba kukula ndikukula kangapo mwachangu, ndikumatula namsongole. Nthawi zina, duwa lotere limatha kukula masentimita 7 mu maola 24. Chomera chofunikira sichifunikira kuthiriridwa, chifukwa mizu yake imalowera kwambiri pansi ndikudzipangira madziwo pamenepo. Koma pakakhala chilala chomwe chimatenga nthawi yayitali, amaranth amafunika kuthirira.

Kwa 1 nyengo, maluwa awa amafunika kudyetsedwa katatu kapena kanayi. Pazifukwa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la phulusa (magalamu 200 pachidebe cha madzi) kapena mullein (gawo limodzi 1 mpaka madzi asanu). Amaranth ayenera kudyetsedwa m'mawa kwambiri, pomwe malowa ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi kale.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Ndiosavuta kwambiri kukula amaranth, kuphatikiza apo imalephera kwambiri tizilombo komanso matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma nthawi zina weevil kapena aphid amatha kukhazikika pamenepo. Mphutsi za Weevil zimayamba kuphukira mkati, motero duwa limayamba kutsalira kuti likule. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kuvulaza ena achinyamata, ndipo nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika nthawi yamvula ikakhala mvula yambiri. Mutha kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zofunda mothandizidwa ndi Karbofos (Fufanon) kapena Actellik.

Nthaka ikadzala ndi chinyezi, izi zimatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Pofuna kuchiza mbewu, iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicidal agents, mwachitsanzo: sulfate yamkuwa, colloidal sulfure, mkuwa wa chloroxide ndi kukonzekera kwina kofananako.

Pambuyo maluwa

Kutolera mbewu

Sankhani zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu zomwe muzisonkhanitsa mbewuzo. Simuyenera kudula masamba kwa iwo. Masamba azitsamba pansipa atakhala ofiira, owuma ndi kufa, phesi litayeretsedwa, azitha kuyamba kutola mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, padzuwa lowuma bwino, muyenera kudula mitengo iyi ya inflorescence, pomwe muyenera kuyambira pansi pa mphukira. Kenako inflorescence imatsukidwa m'chipinda chowuma, chotsekeramo mpweya kuti ziume. Pakatha theka la mwezi, inflorescences zouma zimafunikira kuzitikiritsa ndi manja anu, ndipo mbewu zonse zimaguluka. Sonkhanitsani ndi kuwombera, pogwiritsa ntchito kakung'ono kakang'ono. Iyenera kusungidwa mu thumba la pepala kapena bokosi. Mbeu zotere zimasunga kumera kwazaka 5.

Zisanu

Pakati patali, duwa silikhala ndi moyo, ngakhale nthawi yozizira imakhala yotentha, pankhaniyi, imakula ngati pachaka. Nthawi yakumera yogwira ikatha, zotsalira za maluwawo ziyenera kutulutsidwa ndikuwonongeka. Zikakhala choncho, ngati mbewuzo zinali zamathanzi, ndiye kuti zotsalira zake ndizoyenereradi kugona mu kompositi ya kompositi. Komanso magawo onse amaranth kupatula mizu atha kuperekedwa kwa nkhumba ndi nkhuku ngati chakudya. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu chomera choterocho mumakhala mapuloteni, kuchuluka kwa carotene, mapuloteni ndi vitamini C.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yayikulu yomwe ili ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Amaranth mantha, kapena kape (Amaranthus paniculatus = Amaranthus cruentus)

Nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi mabedi amaluwa, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito kudula ndi kusonkhetsa maluwa, wamba komanso nthawi yachisanu. Kutalika, pachaka chotere chimatha kufika masentimita 75-150. Masamba a masamba ndi oderako-ovoid bulauni-ofiira, nsonga yawo ndi yayitali. Maluwa ofiira ang'onoang'ono ndi gawo la inflorescence yowongoka. Kuyamba kwa maluwa kumachitika mu Juni, ndipo kumakhala mpaka chisanu choyamba. Wopangidwa kuyambira 1798. Pali mitundu ingapo:

• nana - mawonekedwe osakhazikika, kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupitirira theka la mita;
• cruentus - drooping inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa ofiira;
• sanguineus - inflorescence amapezeka mowongoka ndipo ali ndi nsonga zokomera.

Odziwika kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutalika kwake kuyambira 25 mpaka 40 sentimita:

1. Rother Paris ndi Rother Dam - kutalika kwa chitsamba kuchokera pakati pa 50 mpaka 60 sentimita, masamba a masamba ndi ofiira amdima, ndipo maluwa ndi maroon.
2. Grunefakel ndi Zwergfakel - kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupitilira masentimita 35, ndi inflorescence a mtundu wobiriwira ndi utoto wofiirira, motero.
3. Keke yotentha yodzaza ndi gawo labwino kwambiri, kotero chitsamba chimatha kufika masentimita 100. Ma inflorescence ndi ofiira ofiira, ndipo masamba ndi obiriwira.

Amaranth amdima kapena achisoni (Amaranthus hypochondriacus)

Mtunduwu sunakhale wofunda, ndipo kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi ma sentimita 150. Masamba osongoka ali ndi mawonekedwe obota-lanceolate, ndipo amapaka utoto wobiriwira kapena utoto. Ma inflorescence okonzedwa bwino ndi mapangidwe ooneka ngati nthongo. Amatha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma ochulukirapo ndi ofiira amdima. Wopangidwa kuyambira 1548. Pali mawonekedwe ofiira amwazi wotchedwa sanguineus, m'mene inflorescence imapachikika. Zosiyanasiyana:

1. Pygmy Torch - kuthengo kumakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Ma inflorescence ndi ofiira akuda, koma m'dzinja amasintha mtundu wawo kukhala matsiya, pomwe masamba amakhala amitundu yambiri.
2. Green Tamb - chitsamba chotalika pafupifupi masentimita 40. Utoto ndi chisakanizo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wa emarodi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa owuma.

Amaranth tricolor (Amaranthus tricolor)

Amaranth oterowo ndi okongoletsa komanso opatsa chidwi. Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kusiyana ndi 0,7 mpaka 1.5 mita. Akuwombera mowongoka, amapanga chitsamba cha piramidi. Ma plates a masamba ndi omata, ndi ochepa kapena ovoid, wavy amapezeka. Mtundu wawo umakhala ndi utoto 3, womwe ndi wobiriwira, wachikaso ndi wofiyira. Masamba achichepere ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso ali ndi utoto wolemera. Maluwa amakhala kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka chisanu choyamba. Pali mitundu ingapo:

• loosestrife (salicifolius) - mbale zazifupi zopyapyala za utoto zimapakidwa utoto wamtambo wonyezimira, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 20, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 0.5;
• chobiriwira chofiira (rubriviridis) - masamba amtundu wamtundu wa violet, pali zowoneka zobiriwira pa iwo;
• ofiira (ruber) - masamba a magazi ofiira;
• zowala (zowala) - pali mawanga bulauni pamiyala yamdima yobiriwira.

Mitundu yotchuka:

1. Kuwala - chitsamba cholimba chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,7 m. Leaflets ndi akulu komanso okongola. Masamba achichepere amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, woyamba kukhwima amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, ndipo wotsika amakhala ndi tenti wamkuwa.
2. Aurora - ma apulo a masamba owoneka bwino ndi opakidwa utoto wachikasu.
3. Airlie Splender - ma apulo a masamba owoneka bwino a rasipiberi, pomwe am'munsi pafupifupi ali akuda ndi utoto wofiirira.

Amaranthus caudatus (Amaranthus caudatus)

Mwachilengedwe opezeka madera otentha ku Asia, Africa ndi South America. Mphukira zolimba zolimba zitha kufika masentimita 150. Makulu akulu a masamba a ovate amapentedwa ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wobiriwira. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amatha kupaka utoto wonyezimira wachikasu, wofiyira kapena wakuda. Ali m'gulu la glomeruli ozungulira. Ndipo izi glomeruli zimasonkhanitsidwa mumiyeso yayitali yojambulidwa ndi mantha. Maluwa amawoneka kuyambira koyambirira kwa chilimwe mpaka Okutobala. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1568. Pali mitundu ingapo:

• zoyera - maluwa oyera oyera;
• zobiriwira - inflorescence ndi wobiriwira wopepuka, mawonekedwe awa ndiwodziwika pakati pa akatswiri otulutsa maluwa;
• Wokhala ndi ubweya - maluwa atengedwa ndi ma whorls, ndipo amafanana kwambiri ndi mikanda yayitali yomwe idakulungidwa pa mphukira.

Mitundu yotchuka:

1. Rothschwanz - mtundu wa inflorescence ofiira.
2. Grunshwanz - mtundu wa inflorescences ndi wobiriwira.

Mitundu iwiriyi ili ndi chitsamba kutalika pafupifupi 75 sentimita. Zomera zake ndi zamphamvu komanso zazikulu.

Ubwino ndi kuvulaza kwa amaranth

Asayansi ambiri amatcha amaranth chomera cha zana la 21 lino, pokhulupirira kuti amatha kuchiritsa ndi kudyetsa anthu onse. Zowonadi, apa sizinali popanda kukokomeza. Komabe, gawo lililonse la mbewu limatha kudyedwa, ndiopatsa thanzi komanso lothandiza. Mbewu za Amaranth ndizofunika kwambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwa monga chomera zimaphatikizira mafuta acids ofunikira m'thupi la munthu, mwachitsanzo: stearic, oleic, linoleic ndi palmitic. Chifukwa chake, amaranth amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya. Ndipo imaphatikizanso squalene, mavitamini B, C, D, P ndi E, rutin, carotene, steroids, bile ndi pantothenic acid, etc.

Ngati mungayerekeze masamba a amaranth ndi sipinachi, ndiye kuti ali ndi chakudya chofanana. Komabe, amaranth ali ndi mapuloteni ena abwino kwambiri. Mapuloteni awa ali ndi amino acid wothandiza kwambiri m'thupi la munthu - lysine. Amaranth amangokhala otsika pang'ono ndi soya pazomwe zili, koma mapuloteni ochokera ku amaranth amatha kugaya mofulumira kuposa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'minda ya tirigu, soya kapena chimanga. Achijapani amakhulupirira kuti zonenepa za mbewu zoterezi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nyama ya squid. Ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ka chakudya tsiku ndi tsiku, thupi limapatsidwa mphamvu ndikupatsidwanso mphamvu.

Mutha kudya masamba a masamba komanso chomera chokongoletsera, chomwe chili ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mavitamini ndi michere. Koma nthawi yomweyo, mbewu za mitundu yokongoletsera sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya. Mitundu yokongoletsera ndi mankhwala imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mbewu zawo. Chifukwa chake, pazomera zokongoletsa ndizida zakuda kuposa zamasamba.

Mafuta a chomera choterocho ndi amtengo wapatali kuposa mafuta ena aliwonse azamasamba. Chifukwa chake ndichoposa mphamvu zake zochiritsa ku ma sea buckthorn mafuta nthawi ziwiri. Maski ndi mafuta okhala ndi kamvekedwe kamafuta awa, amakonzanso khungu ndikutchinjiriza ku bacteria wakuphatikiza matenda.

Ngati njere zaphukira, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe ake abwera pafupi ndi omwe mkaka uli mwa mayi woyamwitsa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala komanso kuphika.

Tiyi yopangidwa kuchokera masamba amaranth ingathandize kuthana ndi atherosulinosis, dysbiosis, kunenepa kwambiri ndi neurosis. Udzu ndi nthangala zimathandiza pa vuto la impso ndi chiwindi, zimathandiza kuchiritsa adenoma, matenda amtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, ndikuchotsa kutupa m'mitsempha. Ngati mumadya amaranth tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti sizingangowonjezera chitetezo chamthupi, komanso kuthana ndi matenda monga khansa.

Masamba a Amaranth akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku saladi zamasamba m'chilimwe. Mchenga umakonzedwa kuchokera ku mbewu za chomera, zomwe zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi tirigu. Kusakaniza koteroko kumabweretsa mkate wapamwamba kwambiri ndi makeke, pomwe amaranth amachepetsa kuumitsa kwake. Mbewu zikakhala zokazinga, zimapeza kukoma. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowaza za buns komanso kuphika nyama. Ngati, mukatola nkhaka mumtsuko wama lita atatu, onjezerani tsamba limodzi lamasamba, ndiye kuti masamba azisungabe bwino, azikhala okoma komanso opanda pake kwa nthawi yayitali.

Maphikidwe a Amaranth

Zakudya zotsekemera za Walnut ndi amaranth

Mbale, sakanizani batala ndi uchi ndi kutentha pang'ono pamoto wochepa ndi kusuntha kwadongosolo. Thirani mtedza wanu wokondedwa ndi mbewu za amaranth. Sambani bwino ndikutsanulira osakaniza mu nkhungu. Chakudya chija chitazirala, chizidulidwa.

Saladi

Mudzafunika magalamu 200 a masamba ocheperako komanso masamba amaranth ndi magalamu 50 a masamba a adyo wamtchire kapena adyo wozizira. Makala amadzimadzi ndi madzi atsopano owiritsa, kuwaza ndi mpeni. Onjezani mchere, kirimu wowawasa kapena mafuta a masamba.

Msuzi

Wiritsani 300 magalamu a kirimu ndi kutsanulira 200 magalamu a akanadulidwa amaranth amadyera mwa iwo. Grate 100 magalamu a tchizi zofewa ndikuthira mu msuzi wotsatira, onjezerani tsabola. Ndikusunthidwa kosalekeza, dikirani kuti tchizi usungunuke, pomwe moto uyenera kuti ukhale wosakwiya.

Msuzi wa Kupro

1 tbsp. anapiye ayenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi ndikusiyidwa usiku. M'mawa, muyenera kuphika anapiye mpaka kuphika. Kaloti ndi anyezi ophatikizika ayenera kukazinga pang'ono, kutsanulira mumsuzi, komwe anapiye amaphika, ndikusakaniza zonse ndi blender. ½ mbali imodzi kapu ya amaranth mbewu ayenera kuwiritsa mu chosiyana. Ayenera kuwira kwa mphindi 25. Akathira mu msuzi wokhazikitsidwa ndi msuzi, chimanga chokoma (chofesedwa kapena chowundikira), tsabola ndi supuni ziwiri zazikulu za mandimu zimayikidwa pamalo omwewo. Wiritsani msuzi.

Oddly mokwanira, koma amaranth sangathe kuvulaza thupi la munthu.