Dahlias (Dahlia) ndiogwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la aster. Zomera zoterezi ndi imodzi mwamaluwa ooneka bwino kwambiri komanso ataliatali omwe amabzala m'mundamo. Ma Dahlias ali ndi utoto wotambalala bwino, ndipo maluwa amathanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Amachita maluwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka nyengo yoyamba yophukira, ndipo uwu ndiye mwayi wofunikira kwambiri wa dahlias. Adalowa maiko aku Europe kokha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 kuchokera ku Mexico. Dahlia adatchulidwa mwanjira yomweyo mu 1803 ndi katswiri wazomera C. Wildenau. Adatcha maluwa polemekeza wophunzitsa zamtundu wa St. I. Georgi, yemwe anali katswiri wazodziwika bwino pankhani zamakhalidwe, katswiri wa sayansi yamaphunziro ndi miyala. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 13 ya dahlias, koma pali mitundu pafupifupi 15,000.
Kukula Zinthu
Mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi mitundu ya mbewu zotere ndizosiyana kwambiri. Amatha kukongoletsa bedi la maluwa ndi mzere wamalire. Ndipo ngati akufuna, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa amodzi kapena ayi. Maluwa okongola oterewa amadziwika ndi kusakhazikika kwawo osati kusangalala kwawo. Ngati mungasankhe malo abwino oti mubzalemo ndi dothi labwino, komanso kudyetsa ndi kuthirira mbewuyo moyenera, imakula msanga ndipo imaphuka kwambiri. Mid-kasupe nthawi yabwino kugula dahlia tubers. Dziwani kuti ayenera kukhala olimba, athanzi, komanso okhala ndi mphukira zazifupi, koma zomveka bwino. Ngati tuber ndi yofewa kapena yowuma, ndiye kuti sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugule.
Mitundu yayikulu yokhala ndi zithunzi
Kugawidwa kwa mbewuzi kumagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake komanso momwe duwa limapangidwira lokha. Pakadali pano, makalasi 12 a dahlia amagawidwa. Komabe, magulu atsopano omwe amapezeka pang'onopang'ono ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa mitundu yatsopano. Pansipa pali mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
Zosavuta
Ali ndi mzere umodzi wa pamakhala, m'mimba mwake maluwawo ndi 10cm. Kutalika kwa chitsamba, monga lamulo, sikudutsa masentimita 45-60. Mitundu yayikulu: Princess Marie Jose pinki, Yellow Hammer - wachikasu, ndi Orangeade - wofiira-lalanje.
Anemone
Pali mizere 1 kapena kuposapo ya miyala ya m'mphepete. Pakati iwo ndi tubular, elong. Kutalika kwa inflorescence sikupitirira masentimita 10, ndipo kutalika kwa chitsamba kungakhale masentimita 60-90. Mitundu yayikulu ndi lacy lilac chikasu, Vera Higgins zamkuwa ndi Comet yofiira.
Kola kolala
Dongosolo la maluwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10, ndipo kuthengo kutalika kungafike masentimita 75-120. Pali mzere umodzi wakunja wa pamiyala, mwachindunji pamwamba pake pali mzere umodzi wamitundu yopendekera ndi yaifupi ya mtundu wina, womwe umawoneka wofanana ndi kolala. Mitundu yayikuru ndi yagolide ndi ofiira La Gioconda, kirimu cha Chimborazo ndi kofiyira, kirimu wa Claire de Luna wokhala ndi chikasu.
Pion
Pakatikati mwa maluwa ndi mainchesi 12 mpaka 15. Ma pege flat petals amapezeka mumizere iwiri kapena kuposerapo, ndipo ma cell a tubular amapezeka pakatikati. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi masentimita 75-120. Mitundu yayikulu: Symphonia crimson red and paint Fascination.
Zokongoletsa
Malilime a maluwa a terry amasiyanasiyana masentimita 8 mpaka 25, ndipo kuthengo kutalika kungafike masentimita 60. Mitundu yayikulu: lalanje David Howard, Thames Valley yayikulu chikasu, komanso Jocondo yayikulu kwambiri.
Zozungulira
Maluwa ozungulira omwe samatambasuka kwambiri amatha kufika masentimita 8 mpaka 15. Kutalika kwa thengo ndi masentimita 90-120. Mitundu yayikulu: Peach ofiira wa Crichton uchi, red Dishen Hayes ndi Esmonde chikasu.
Pompom
Madawo a maluwa otambalala ndi mainchesi 5 kapena kuposerapo. Zithunzi zozungulira zam'mphepete zimakhala ndi zokuzungulira kapena zowoneka bwino. Kutalika kwa thengo ndi masentimita 90-120. Mitundu yayikulu: Hallmark lavender, kuwala kwofiirira kwa Willo's Violet ndi pinkore Noreen.
Cactus
Utali wamaluwa a terry ungafanane ndi masentimita 8-25 komanso kupitirira apo, komanso kutalika kwa chitsamba - kuchokera 90 mpaka 150 sentimita. Ziphuphu zakumaso ndizochepa, zowongoka komanso zopindika. Mitundu yayikulu: Ulendo wamitundu yayikulu kwambiri, wa pinki wamkulu wa pinki, wamtundu wa Pirouette wachikasu, wachinyamata wofiira wa Doris.
Semi-cactus
Dongosolo la maluwa otentha limasiyanasiyana masentimita 8 mpaka 25, ndipo chitsamba chotalika chitha kutalika kuyambira 90 mpaka 150 sentimita. Ziphuphu zam'mphepete mwake zimakulungidwa kulowera kuchokera pakati kupita kumapeto. Mitundu yayikulu: chikasu chaching'ono cha Yellow Mood, choyera cha White Swallow choyera, chachikaso chachikulu chachikasu cha Nantenan komanso kakulidwe kakang'ono ka lalanje.
Nymphaeum
Kunja, maluwa awiriwa ndi ofanana ndi maluwa amadzi, ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi chisomo chawo. Dziwe lawo limatha kutalika masentimita 7 mpaka 20, ndipo kuthengo limatalika masentimita 70-130. Mitundu yayikulu ndi iyi: Geri Hawk kuwala pinki, oyera oyera a genetta ndi ma Brushstrok.
Zosakanizidwa
Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu yosiyana ndi yomwe tafotokozazi.
Komabe, maluwa oterowo alibe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, amakhalanso ndi utoto wotambalala kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mutha kukumana ndi dahlia wakuda, kapena m'malo mwake wakuda ndi wofiira. Mu chomera ichi, mitundu yayikulu yapadera - anthocyanins - yatola. Komabe, obereketsa onse adziko lapansi amayesetsa kupanga dahlia yamtambo. Komabe, mwatsoka, sanachite bwino mpaka pano, koma chiyembekezo chakuwona chozizwitsa ichi tsiku lina chatsala.
Momwe mungakulire dahlias
Kulera dahlias ndikosavuta, koma amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, chomwe chimawononga nthawi yambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakugwa, muyenera kukumba ma tubers, ndikuwapatsanso yosungirako bwino kwambiri. Komabe, ngati simukufuna kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti mulime maluwa oterowo, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu pobzala. Olemba nawonso ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo pali kusankha kwakukulu kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana: Kukula kwa ma Coltness Ma hybrids osakhala kawiri a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupitilira masentimita 50; Redskin ili ndi masamba amkuwa; Rigoletto ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a terry; maluwa oyambilira a Figaro ndi ena. Mbeu zokhazika zimayesedwa kuti zibzalidwe panthaka yokhayo theka lachiwiri la Meyi, komabe, pamenepa zimatha kuwoneka kutulutsa kokha kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Pofuna kubweretsa mphindi yakuyenda kwa dahlias apachaka pafupi, amalimbikitsidwa kuti adzakulidwe kudzera mbande.
Choyamba muyenera kumera mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, mufunika chidebe cha pulasitiki kapena wowonjezera kutentha, yemwe ayenera kudzazidwa ndi mchenga wowerengeka. Chifukwa chake, nthangala za dahlia zimagawidwa pamtunda, ndipo mchenga wowonda umatsanuliridwa pamwamba pawo, chilichonse chimapukutidwa bwino ndi botolo lothira ndikukutidwa ndi filimu pamwamba. Kumera kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 10, pomwe matenthedwe ayenera kukhala osachepera 25-27 madigiri. Pambuyo pake, zikumera zomwe zawoneka kuti zimatsamira mu zotengera zokha. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka kuyenera kuyamwa madzi bwino ndikumasulidwa. Dothi loterolo litha kugulidwa m'sitolo kapena kukonzekera palokha, chifukwa cha kuphatikiza dothi la mchenga, mchenga ndi peat, kutengedwa muyezo wa 2: 1: 1. Asanadutse kwa masiku atatu, osakaniza dothi ayenera kuthandizidwa, chifukwa umathiridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, womwe uyenera kukhala wotentha (pafupifupi madigiri 70) ndikukhala ndi utoto wakuda. Zomera zomwe amazidulira zimafunika kuthiriridwa pamene dothi likamuma. Mbande zitha kuziika kuti zikhale dothi mkati mwa Meyi.
Kubzala dahlia
Kusankha kwampando
Musanayambe kubzala mwachindunji kwa dahlias, muyenera kusankha malo abwino kwambiri. Zomera zotere sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri pakukonzekera. Komabe, imatha kukula komanso kukhazikika pokhapokha pamalo kotentha komanso kotentha, komwe kamatetezedwa ku mphepo. Malo oyenera ayenera kuthiridwa, madzi okwanira, komanso okwanira michere. Acidity ya dothi la chomera chotere sichofunika kwambiri, koma ndi bwino ngati sichilowerera ndale kapena pang'ono acidic. M'dothi lokhala ndi asidi wambiri, pH yomwe ndi 5-4, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere laimu. Ndipo pomwe pH ipitilira 8.5, peat imalowetsedwa pansi.
Mukakumba nthawi yophukira, kompositi ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa pansi, komanso humus pa 1 lalikulu mita 3-5 kilogalamu. Pomalizira, musanabzalire dahlias panthaka, muyenera kugawana phulusa la mitengo, komanso kompositi (yokhayo yopanda masamba), ndiye kuti zonse ziyenera kuletsedwa ndi angatenge. Kuti mbewuzi zisamawonongeke pang'ono komanso kuti zisawonongeke, alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti zibzalidwe m'malo atsopano chaka chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, malo omwe dahlias anakulira ayenera kupuma kuchokera maluwa amenewa kwa zaka zosachepera zitatu. Komanso, pobzala mbewuzi, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lomwe aster kapena maluwa omwe atengedwe ndi matenda oyamba ndi nthomba kale adakula.
Momwe mungakonzekere tubers pobzala
Kukonzekera kwa Tuber kuyenera kuchitika mu Epulo. Chifukwa chake, amafunika kuchotsa mizu yowuma, komanso malo owonongeka. Ndiye ndikofunikira kuchita kusanthula kwa malo omwe mabala ndi obiriwira. Zitatha izi, okonza tubers ayenera kubzalidwa mumphika wodzazidwa ndi dothi labwino kapena peat. Zofunika kubzalidwe kuti gawo lakumwamba limakwera pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndi masentimita 2-3. Kwa milungu ingapo, botolo liyenera kuyikidwa pamalo abwino ndi owotcha (osachepera madigiri 18). Pambuyo impso kuwonekera, ndikofunikira kugawa tubers m'magawo. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kugawanika kulikonse kumayenera kukhala ndi impso ndi khosi mizu. Zimachitika kuti kuchokera mu 1 tuber mumatuluka 5 Delenok. Delenki amafunika kuti ibzalidwe kachiwiri ndikukula kwa nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pake, mphukira zamtundu zomwe zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 zimadulidwa kuchokera kwa iwo ndikuzabisidwa panthaka. Mphukira zomwe zidadulidwa ziyenera kubzalidwa munthaka monga zodulidwazo ndikuchotsa pamalo amdima. Apatseni madzi okwanira. Mizu yozika mizu ikhoza kuikidwa poyera. Njira izi zikuthandizira kufalitsa dahlias mwachangu, komanso kupewa kutulutsa mphamvu. Ngati palibe chifukwa, kugawanika kwa tuber kungathe kusiyidwa.
Kubzala Dahlias poyera
Mutha kubzala dahlias mumsewu pokhapokha nyengo ikakhala yotentha komanso nthaka itentha bwino. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi iyi imagwera masiku omaliza a Meyi komanso woyamba wa Juni. Kukula kwa dzenje kuyenera kupitilira kukula kwa tuber yokha ndi mizu ndendende nthawi 3 (40X40X40). Chifukwa chake, tuber ikadzabowo, pafupifupi masentimita 5-7 ayenera kutsalira. Pansi pa dzenje lokonzedwa, pangani manyowa ngati manyowa kapena kompositi, kutsanulira dothi pamwamba kuti lisatenthe mizu. Kenako ikani chomera chamtopacho mu dzenjelo ndikuwaza ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka, koma kotero kuti masentimita angapo achinde la mbewuyo ali pamwamba pa nthaka. Zikachitika kuti ma daasias ataliatali abzalidwe, thandizo lodalirika limayikidwa nthawi yomweyo pafupi nawo. Chomera chikabzalidwa, chimayenera kuthiridwa bwino ndi madzi ozizira, ndikuwazidwa panthaka ndi mulch, wopangidwa ndi utuchi kapena khungwa laling'ono lamatabwa, lomwe liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi kompositi kapena peat. Dothi la mulch liyenera kukhala mainchesi 5.
Thandizo la Dahlia
Momwe mungamwere
Dothi losanjikiza dothi limateteza kuchotsekera panthaka komanso kuyanika kwambiri dothi, komanso kuthandizanso kuchotsa pakufunika kwachilengedwe ndikumasulira nthaka. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kambiri 1 kapena 2 kawiri m'masiku 7 (osati masiku amvula), komabe, onetsetsani kuti dothi silanamizidwa madzi, chifukwa chifukwa cha izi kutha kumatha kuonekera pamizu yake mokwanira. Kuti muchepetse kuthirira pamasiku otentha, muyenera kukhetsa dahlias. Musana kuthirira mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti mutuluke nthaka yomwe idasungidwa. Ndiye madzi ndi kukonzanso dahlia kachiwiri.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Nthawi yakula, kuvala pamwamba kumafunikira maluwa awiriwo pamwezi, pomwe kuli kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi michere, ndipo amafunika kuyika dothi panthaka. Chifukwa chake, ngati feteleza wachilengedwe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mullein (1:10) kapena ndowe za mbalame (1: 20), komanso ammonium nitrate ndi magalamu 15 omwe amatengedwa pa 1 mita imodzi. Pamene impso zoyambirira zikuwoneka, zimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa superphosphate ndi potaziyamu, pomwe 30 g ya chinthucho imatengedwa pa malita 10 amadzi (kuchuluka kwake kumawerengeredwa kudyetsa mbewu 8).
Prop
Popeza tsinde la duwa limakhala lopanda pake, limakhala losalimba ndipo limatha kuwonongeka pakagwa nyengo. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kumangirizidwa ku chithandizo chodalirika. Ngati tsinde limasweka, ndikofunikira kuyesa kuyala. Kuti muchite izi, tengani nthambi yolimba ndikuyigwirizanitsa ndi malo owonongeka, ikonzani. Sekeletsani tsinde kuti lisapinde. Ngati izi zichitidwa munthawi yake komanso zimapatsa dahlia chisamaliro choyenera, ndiye kuti ngakhale maluwa okongola amatha kutulutsa pachitsa chowonongeka.
Kudulira
Pomwe pali chidwi chokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu komanso owoneka bwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kutengera kudulira. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusiya zitsulo zitatu zokha. Kupanda kutero, maluwawo amakhala ochepa osati owoneka bwino kwambiri. Pa peduncle iliyonse muyenera kuchotsa masamba owonjezera, kusiya 1 kapena 2. Maluwa omwe ayamba kumera, ayenera kudulidwa, chifukwa amatenga mphamvu zambiri pachomera. Nyengo yonseyi, mitundu yayitali imalimbikitsidwa kudula nthambi zokulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodulidwa. Mitundu ya undersized (mwachitsanzo: cactus, pompoms), komanso tchire lomwe limamera lokha, mphukira zammbali zitha kusiyidwa ngati mukufuna.
Tizilombo
Slugs imatha kukhazikika pa mapesi a dahlia, ndi maudzu kumapeto. Ngati tizirombo taonapo, muyenera kuthira mankhwala a celandine kapena chowawa ndi msuzi 1 nthawi m'masiku 7, ndipo ndibwino kuchita izi madzulo. M'masiku otentha, mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'mimba, mbozi, mphukira, ndi nkhupakupa zimayenera kuthandizidwa. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala pamaluwa nthawi zambiri. Kuti muchotse, mutha kuthira tchire ndi yankho la sokosi.
Kukolola Dahlia tubers
Muyenera kukumba tubers itatha chisanu choyamba. Masamba onse ndi ma epauleti amadulidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, ndipo mphukira amafupikitsidwa mpaka masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Pali wamaluwa omwe, asanakolole tubers, kudula zimayambira masiku angapo zisanachitike. Koma ngati madzi afika pamiyala, pamenepa akhoza kuyamba kuwola pamunsi pa tsinde. Pankhaniyi, mutadula mbewu ziyenera kutsekedwa ndi zojambulazo ndi zotayidwa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tubers tili ndi makosi osalimba, chifukwa chake akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti ayambe kukumba m'mawa nyengo yadzuwa. Pofika madzulo, khosi imakhala ndi nthawi youma ndikulimba. Ndi tubers zouma ndizosavuta kuchotsa dziko lotsalira.
Kumbani tubers moyenera. Kukumba dahlia kuchokera mbali zinayi, pomwe masentimita 30 akuyenera kuchoka pamtengowo. Izi zidula mizu yayitali. Kenako mafolokowo amayenera kubweretsedwa mosamala pansi pazotengera ndikuzikankhira pansi. Chotsani dothi ndikufalitsa ma tubers kuti aume. Kukula tubers tiyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi (kuchokera pa payipi) kuchokera zatsalira zamdothi, zomwe zimakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Muyenera kuwachotsera nthawi, chifukwa ngati kutentha kumachitika mu kugwa, impso zogona zimatha kudzuka, ndipo izi zitha kuwawononga.
Momwe mungasungire dahlias nthawi yachisanu
Mizu youma bwino iyenera kusungidwa kuti isawonongeke. Koma sayenera kukhala atakwiriridwa, chifukwa masika adzapatsa mphamvu kuti zikhale zopanda mphamvu.Zowonongeka zonse zamakina ziyenera kudulidwa, ndipo malowa azichitira ndi makala. Kusunga kukhulupirika kwa mizu yamizu, iwo amawaza ndi choko kapena phulusa.
Tubers iyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chotsegulira, pomwe chinyezi chiyenera kukhala 60-70 peresenti, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kuchokera ku madigiri atatu mpaka asanu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda chouma, koma ngati masamba azisungidwa pamalo amodzi, izi zimayambitsa chinyontho cha mpweya, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda owola ndi mafangasi. Tubers tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ziyikidwe m'bokosi lomwe pansi pake pamatsanulidwa, ndipo pamwamba pake amafunika kudzazidwa. Komanso, mchenga kapena utuchi wa conifers ndi woyenera kuchita izi. Mukayanika ndi kufota mizu, gawo lapansi limalimbikitsidwa kuti lizinyowa pang'ono. Pakakhala mpweya wabwino, muyenera kuyatsa zimphindi 3 m'masiku 7 kwa mphindi 30.
M'nyumba, kubzala zinthu ziyenera kusungidwa m'malo ozizira kwambiri. Monga lamulo, amayikidwa m'bokosi ndikuyika pafupi ndi khonde. Tubers imatha kunyamula m'matumba opangidwa ndi polyethylene ndikudzazidwa ndi mchenga, utuchi kapena nyemba zouma, kenako ndikumangirira bwino. Mutha kukulunga tuber iliyonse ndi nyuzipepala ndikuiika m'thumba la polyethylene. Ndipo zimayikidwa pabokosi lamakatoni ndikuyika m'malo abwino, mwachitsanzo, pa loggia yowala. Koma kumbukirani kuti ozizira kwambiri amatha kupha tubers.
Potentha ndi chinyezi chachikulu, ma tubers amasungidwa bwino. Koma kukonza izi zimatha kukhala paraffin, zomwe ziyenera kuphimba tubers. Muyenera kuyika parafini m'madzi osamba ndikudikirira mpaka isungunuke. Kwa 1 mphindikili, thetsani tuber mmenemo, muchotsemo, dikirani masekondi angapo ndikuwatsitsanso ndi madzi. Ma tubers oterowo ayenera azikulowetsa m'thumba la cellophane ndi kutsanulira mchenga, wowuma peat kapena utuchi pamenepo. Mangani mwamphamvu. Asanadzalemo tubers zoterezi, ndizopukutira pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa filimuyo kuti isweke.
M'nyengo yozizira, makonzedwe adongosolo a kubzala zakuthupi. Pakawola, pamafunika kudulidwa ndi kuwaza ndi malo odulidwa ndi makala olimba kapena kuwongoleredwa ndi udzu wobiriwira.
