Perennial Astra - woimira banja Asteraceae, amadabwa ndi kukongola kwa nyenyezi zamaluwa zomwe chitsamba chimasungidwa. Sizodziwika kuti amachitcha Octobrink, chifukwa nthawi yamaluwa imagwera kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Astra wakhala akudziwika ngati chikhalidwe chamunda kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16. Chimakonda kutchuka koyenera monga chomera chosasinthika. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi mitundu 600. Tidzagawana zomwe mitundu ndiyomwe yatchuka kwambiri, momwe mungabyalale chikhalidwe ndikusamalira.
Pulasitiki wokhala ndi nkhope zambiri: mitundu
Bota losatha limasewera ndi mitundu yowala, yomwe imapatsa dimba la maluwa yophukira kukongola komanso kukopa kwapadera. Zili ngati moni wabwinobwino kuyambira nthawi yachilimwe kutatsala nthawi yozizira, yozizira. Mitundu ya Shrub ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: pali mitundu yotsika komanso yayitali kuyambira 35 mpaka 150 cm.
Mosasamala kutalika, chitsamba chimakhala champhamvu, chozungulira mosiyanasiyana, chimatha kukula mwachangu. Chomera chokhala ndi masamba apamwamba pamwamba chimakulungidwa ndi maluwa okhala ndi basiketi inflorescence kuchokera masentimita awiri mpaka 8 Amapanga mitundu yosavuta komanso iwiri. Mitundu imasiyana mosiyanasiyana: kuyambira yoyera mpaka yofiyira yowala ndi yamtambo, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ya m'munda imagawidwa malinga ndi zizindikiro zingapo. Onani mitundu yotchuka yamaluwa yomwe ili ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana:
- Alpine aster ndiwofatsa komanso wolimba. Amapanga mabasiketi akulu amodzi masentimita 6-8. Maluwa amayamba mchaka chachiwiri. Nthawi zoyambira maluwa: kumapeto kwa Meyi - pakati pa Juni.
- New Belgian aster (Namwali) ndi mbadwa yaku North America. Ndimachita chidwi ndi maluwa amtambo wabuluu ndi burgundy. Maluwa akulu amakhalabe otseguka nthawi yamadzulo komanso nyengo. Ngati malowa ndi dzuwa, ndiye kuti maluwa akutumphukira chisanu. Ngakhale kukula kwake kwakukulu, amawoneka bwino pamabedi amaluwa. Itha kuyikidwa pakati, komanso pamphepete ngati chimango kubzala mbewu zomwe sizikula bwino. Zikopa za inflorescence zimapanga maluwa okongola omwe amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi dahlias, zitsamba ndi masamba ophukira.
- Star aster ndi a chomera munyengo yotentha yachilimwe.
- Mtundu wotchuka - aster wa ku Italy ndi shrub wamtali wamtali wokhala ndi kukula kwamaluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi ndipo amapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
- Shrub aster ndi mitundu yayikulu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera kumtunda wamtali mpaka wamtali. Amakhala bwino m'malo otentha komanso dzuwa, koma sakonda chilala komanso kutentha. Amamera pamalo amodzi mpaka zaka 6.
- New English aster imasiyanasiyana kukula kwake (mpaka 150cm). Maluwa amtchire ndi ambiri. Chomera chonsecho chimagwidwa ndi iwo ndipo chimawoneka pandondomeko yobiriwira ngati mbewa yowala. Makatani amtunduwu ndi osiyanasiyana: ofiira, ofiira, ofiirira komanso amtambo wabuluu. Chifukwa cha izi, ndikosavuta kupanga maluwa okongola.
- Gold aster m'mwezi wotsiriza wa chilimwe adzakondwera ndi maluwa ake achikasu. Ma inflorescence ali ndi mawonekedwe a pineal ndipo amapezeka pamphukira zolimba.
- Bokotsvetnaya aster amasiyana mu mphukira yofanana ndi mpesa. Inflorescence yaying'ono poyamba imakhala ndi mtundu woyera kapena pang'ono wa pinki, ndipo kumapeto kwa maluwa kumakhala kofiirira.
- Heather Astra ndi tchire lotalika mita. Ma inflorescence ang'onoang'ono amatsegulidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala.
Asters okwanira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pathanthwe kapena m'malire.
Ngati muwabzala pa udzu, mumapeza chidwi cha "maluwa". Amayenda bwino ndi mbewu zamphesa kapena ma conifers otsika.
Mitundu yayitali ndi yabwino pakupanga maziko azomwe zimapangidwira, ndikupanga mawonekedwe azithunzi za "nyenyezi" zowala.
Mphukira zam'munsi zotsika zimatha kukhala gawo laling'ono: yophukira helenium, chrysanthemum yaku Korea, coriander conifer kapena Siebold.
Perennial Astra, omwe mitundu yake ndi yosiyanasiyana, imapereka mwayi wolota ndikupanga maluwa okongola omwe azikongoletsa tsamba lanu ndikusangalatsa okhala m'deralo.
Kodi kubzala mbewu?
Yambani ndikusankha malo okhalitsa. Kuti chikhalidwechi chimve bwino, chikule komanso kuphuka kwambiri, malowo ayenera kukhala otentha komanso dzuwa, ndipo dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lachonde komanso lambiri.
Osatha aster kufalitsa ndi mbewu, kudula, magawo chitsamba. Iyi ndi njira yomaliza yomwe ndiyosavuta komanso yosavuta. Zomera zimamera bwino m'malo atsopano ndipo zimayamba kuphuka chaka chamawa.
Mukagawa chitsamba, nthambuyo imagawikidwanso, ndipo chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi impso komanso mizu ingapo. Kubzala kumachitika mchaka, pomwe dothi ndi mpweya zimakutenthetsa bwino, chifukwa chikhalidwecho ndi thermophilic.
Potsika pang'ono, tsinde limatambasulidwa, liyenera kumangirizidwa. Zomera zidzafooka ndipo maluwa sakhala ochuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, ma asters sioyenera dothi la acid kapena alkaline ndi kusayenda kwamadzi. Ngati dothi ndilopanda madzi, manyani kapena kuwonjezera mchenga wowuma.
Nthaka amakonzedwa pasadakhale: amakumbidwa ndi kuphatikiza manyowa. Kuchokera feteleza wachilengedwe, humus, kompositi ndi peat zimayambitsidwa, ndipo kuchokera kwa feteleza wamamineral, superphosphates ndi feteleza wa potash. Ngati malowo ali ndi manyowa, ndiye kuti ma asters amasangalala ndi maluwa owala bwino.
Ndondomeko yoyambira:
- Chiwembu chodzala chimatengera kukula kwa chitsamba ndi mawonekedwe ake: Mitundu yotsika pang'ono imabzalidwa malinga ndi pulani 20 × 30 cm, yaying'ono-kukula - 30 × 50, wamtali - 50 × 80. Ndikwabzalira kubzala pafupipafupi, kubzala wandiweyani sikungatheketse mbewu kukula bwino.
- Aster amabzalidwa m'malo osatha ndikuthiriridwa kawiri: m'dzenje ndi pamwamba pa nthaka yophatikizidwa.
- Chomera chizitsitsidwa mchenje mosamala, osawonongera mizu.
Astra imamera malo amodzi kwa zaka 4-6, pambuyo pake chitsamba chigawika ndikugawidwa mudera latsopano. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kubzala ndi kusamalira aster osatha, onani vidiyo:
Kusamalira Maluwa
Astra osatha sikutanthauza chisamaliro chapadera. Njira zonse zopangira zabwino pazikhalidwe ndizosavuta komanso zachikhalidwe. Mulinso:
- kuthirira ngati nthaka ikumera komanso yochulukirapo pamene tchire limalowa mu nthawi yolimba;
- mulching nthaka ndikumasulira mosamala, momwe mungathere kukhudza mizu;
- kuvala pamwamba ndizowola ndi feteleza wa phosphate,
- kuyetsa nthaka, ngati ndi acidic;
- mankhwalawa imvi zowola ndi ufa wowuma poyenera.
Wofiirira komanso wokula mumtundu wamtali wamtali amafunika garter. Amafunika kuthandizidwa - zikhomo kapena mpanda pomwe zibzalidwe. Kuti chitsamba chizimera nthawi yayitali ndikuwoneka wokongoletsa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pafupipafupi inflorescences zomwe zidayamba kale kuzimiririka. Kutsina nsonga kumawonjezera mitundu.
Aspennial asters amaliza kukula ndi maluwa ambiri. Amawoneka owala bwino ndikuwoneka bwino kwa phukusi ndi utoto wautoto ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza. Chomerachi chidzakongoletsa dimba lanu la maluwa, ndipo chimawoneka bwino nthawi zonse.
