Mwa zolembera nyumba, okhala koyambirira a malo ouma kwambiri padziko lapansi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chikondi chapadera. Mbiri yoyenera ya nyenyezi zam'chipululu imafotokozedwa mophweka: palibe mbewu zina zomwe zitha kudzitamandira chifukwa cha chisamaliro ndi kupilira kotere. Ngakhale sizoyendera zonse ndi ma cacti omwe ali azikhalidwe zomwe zimapezeka zachilengedwe mumadambo komanso zipululu. Ngakhale zili choncho, kusankha pakati pamadambo owona m'chipululu kumakhala kotalika - kuyambira pa nyenyezi zowala bwino kupita pamiyala yochepa.
Kukula cacti kunyumbaMitundu yapadera yazomera yobadwira m'chipululu
Malo achilengedwe omwe ali mchipululu cha dziko lathuli ndiokulirapo kotero kuti ndi mitengo yolimba yokha yomwe idatha kuzolowera. Koma siching'ono ayi: mitundu yambiri ya zomera zolimba kwambiri imakula bwino kulikonse komwe kumawoneka kopanda moyo, kupikisana ndi chinyezi chamtengo wapatali ndi nthumwi za anyaniwo sikugwirizana bwino ndi chilala.
Chinyezi chotsika komanso chosasinthika komanso chosiyana kwambiri ndi mvula mkati mwa nyengo, chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, kutentha kwa dzuwa, kutentha kwambiri kwa ku Africa kapena kutentha kwapakati ku North America kudapangitsa kuti panthawi ya kusintha kwa mbewu, itasinthidwa kukhala m'malo achipululu, idapeza zinthu zapadera:
- kuthekera kokhutitsidwa ndi chinyezi chochepa, nthawi zina nthawi zosachepera kwa okhala nyengo yotentha;
- kutembenuka kagayidwe - kuthekera kuyamwa kaboni dayokisa usiku ndikutseka chitseko kuti tiletse mpweya wabwino;
- Kusintha kwakuthwa kwakanthawi kwamphamvu yogwira ntchito ndikupumula kwathunthu - munthawi yake, mukumasulira ntchito, ndikutsatira "kugona" kwambiri;
- kusowa kapena kuchuluka kocheperako kwa stomata; masamba achikopa otetezedwa ndi sera kapena mafuta.
Cacti ndi ma suppulents nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbewu zam'chipululu; kwa ambiri, mbewu zonse kuchokera m'magulu awa zimawoneka zofanana m'chilengedwe. Koma kutali ndi zikhalidwe zonse zabwino zimachokera ku chipululu komanso ngakhale chipululu. Inde, othandizira ambiri amasamukira kuchipinda kuchokera kumapiri, komwe vuto la kusowa kwa michere, chinyezi komanso kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha sikofunikira kwenikweni, ngakhale tikulankhula za nyengo zosiyananso.
Ma cacti otchuka kwambiri komanso pafupifupi theka la omwe amathandizira amakula m'matunda, m'mapiri komanso m'malo a nkhalango. Chifukwa chake, sikuti othandizira onse amabwera m'chipululu, koma mbewu zonse za m'chipululu zimakhala m'gulu la anthu omwe amathandizidwa. Amatha kusunga malo osungiramo madzi mu mphukira kapena masamba, amakhala ndi minofu yolimba yam'madzi komanso khungu lakuda, stomata yaying'ono. Zodziwikiratu, njira zonsezi zosinthira zimawonekera mu cacti.
Zomera zam'nyumba zam'chipululu sizinataye gawo limodzi la makolo awo akale, ngakhale tikulankhula za kusankha kwa mitundu yayitali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amakhulupilira kuti kuzolowera chipululu komanso madera ena owerengeka ndi kosatheka. Zomera zotere, ngakhale mkati, zimakhalabe anthu wamba m'mapululu, ozolowera kutali ndi chinyezi, kutentha ndi kuyatsa.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pazomera zam'chipululu ndi "kudziwa" pang'ono kwambiri. Zikhalidwe zoterezi adazolowera mpaka kufika pamavuto ena mzipululu zomwe sangathenso kuzolowera kumangidwa, atalephera kuyanjana. Zonsezi kagayidwe adapangidwa mwanjira yosiyana kotheratu kuposa ya mbewu yochokera kudera lina lanyengo.
Iwo omwe akufuna kulima mbewu zam'chipululu ayenera kuphunzira bwino zachilengedwe: kuti achite bwino ndikusilira nyenyezi zosagwira chilala kwa zaka zambiri, adzayenera kubwezeretsanso momwe adaliri. Kusamalidwa koyenera kwa mbewu zotere sikoyenera.
CactiPhatikizani mbewu zonse zamkati zomwe zidabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumadera achipululu, ndi zina:
- kulekerera chilala;
- dzuwa lokonda kufunika kokhala lowala dzuwa, kumverera kwakukulu pakuwunika kulikonse ndi kuwunika kosakwanira;
- thermophilic;
- kukonda kwambiri kutentha kwa usiku ndi usana;
- kufunika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso yolimba yam'madzi yopanda maluwa.
Kusamalira mbewu za m'chipululu kumafanana m'njira zambiri. Zomera zotere zimafuna kuthirira mosamala komanso kosowa; munthawi yokhala matalala, nthawi zambiri amatha kuchita popanda iwo. Chonde kwa nyenyezi zam'chipululu ndizosowa, ndipo gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala lolunjika - lopepuka, lamchenga kapena lamiyala.
Tiyeni tidziwe bwino nyenyezi zowala kwambiri zam'chipululu, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri mkati zamakono.
1. Star cactus astrophytum
Nyenyezi (Nyenyezi- - imodzi mwamipanda yopanda chidwi kwambiri. Awa ndi mbewu zomwe zimamera pang'onopang'ono zokhala ndi nthiti zazikulu, chifukwa chomwe zimapezeka kuti sizigwirizana ndi nyenyezi. Tsitsi zofewa limasonkhanitsidwa muming'alu yaying'ono, yomwe imapatsa "cacti" "mfundo" yapadera. Maluwa a cactus amatuluka m'malo otetezeka, modabwitsa ndi maluwa akuluakulu achikaso ndi khosi lofiirira komanso chubu yapamwamba.
Astrophytum stellate (Astrophytum asterias).
Malo ogawa: USA ndi Mexico.
Ichi ndi kakhalidwe kakang'ono kamene kamakula msanga kamene sikakonda kusinthidwa ndikukulitsa khosi lamizu. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi photophilousness, kukana chilala, kutsata kwachilengedwe pakupanga nthaka.
2. Ngale yolandirika
Amatha kupanga zithunthu zonse ndi zigawo zazing'onoting'ono, ngale zabwino(Wophunzira) mchipinda chikhalidwe ataya mkwiyo wawo. Ma cacti amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma pachabe akhala chizindikiro cha zipululu zaku Mexico. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tokhala tokhotakhota, timene timakhala ngati timiyendo kapena chowulungika, timakhala ndi timiyendo tating'ono, timabowo tovuta kutulutsa pakhungu chifukwa chodulidwa.
Kuthekera kwapadera kwa mizu komanso mizu yamphamvu kwambiri yopangitsa kuti ma cactus akhale odekha. Ndipo maluwa owala amodzi mu maluwa osachedwa maluwa amakumbutsa maluwa.
Opuntia (Opuntia).
Malo ogawa: Australia, Central ndi South America.
Kukula mapeyala prickly sikubweretsa zovuta zilizonse ngakhale kwa alimi oyambira kumene. Cacti imakula msanga, ngati kuthirira kambiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe, ndizosowa kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Mapeyala ooneka mochenjera saopa kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi kotentha, amatha chilimwe m'mundamo ndipo ali ndi zithunzi zambiri.
3. "Hedgehogs" echinocactus
Imodzi mwama cacti wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe amataya mawonekedwe awo pokhapokha ngati ali ndi zaka zikuluzikulu, amawomba ndi nthiti zambiri komanso ma spines agolide. M'nyumba echinocactus (Echinocactus) sikuti imangofika kukula kwake kwenikweni (mwachilengedwe, echinocactus imatha kupitirira mita ndi theka kutalika), komanso imakhala yophuka konse.
Koma kukongola ndi mawonekedwe a chomera, chokongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yokongola - golide, ofiira, lalanje kapena golide bulauni - minga, ndizapadera kwambiri kotero kuti kutchuka kwa "hedgehog" cactus sikuwoneka kodabwitsa.
Echinocactus, kapena Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocactus)Malo ogawa: zipululu za Mexico ndi USA.
Ndiosavuta kwambiri kukula echinocactus, koma muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti gawo lapansi ndilopepuka komanso acidic pang'ono, kuyatsa ndikowala kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yachisanu ndiyabwino. Echinocactus amathiriridwa ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira nthawi imodzi yokha pa sabata, koma katekesiyu sangalekerere kusintha konyowa ndipo angakonde kuthera chilimwe kunja.
4. Mitundu Yatsopano Yopopera Aloe
Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo aloe (Aloe) anali kukumana ndi nthawi yakusayidwa, koma lero adayikidwanso m'ndandanda wazomwe zimayendetsedwa bwino kwambiri. Mitundu yopanda mtengo komanso yopanda chithunzi wamba ngati zipatso za aloe - iyi ndi mbiri. Masiku ano, olima maluwa padziko lonse lapansi alabadira mitundu yazodabwitsa ndi mitundu ya aloe, omwe ali okonzeka kupereka zovuta kwa nyenyezi zoyambirira zam'chipululu.
Monga wokhala m'malo okonda nyanja yakuzama aloe marlot (Aloe marlothii), maluwa okongola ooneka ngati maluwa Aloe motley (Aloe anosgata), wapadera tsamba la aloe (Aloe polyphylla) Masamba ake ali ndi mizere yolumikizika m'mizere yotsika, etc. - awa ndi makonda atsopano. Koma, kupatula, aloe amakhalabe othandizira masamba ofunda omwe asungidwa mu rosette yoyambira kapena yowoneka bwino, yokhala ndi gawo, gawo lowoneka, mano owongoka m'mphepete mwa masamba ndi mitundu yoyera.
Aloe Marloth (Aloe marlothii).
Aloe anosgata 
Aloe multifoliate (Aloe polyphylla).
Malo ogawa: Zipululu za Africa ndi America.
Onse aloe vera - onse akale ndi atsopano - ali odzikuza modabwitsa. Amakonda kusinthana pachaka, mpweya watsopano komanso nyengo yachisanu yozizira. Monga nyenyezi zonse zam'chipululu, aloe ndi okonda dzuwa, koma kulolera kosawunikira pang'ono. Amafunikira kuthilira kwamalimwe kwambiri ndipo samakonda kuvala kwapamwamba.
5. Fan Gasteria
Zomwe zimayambira pamalonda awa, ofupikitsidwa kuti azitha kuwonekera, amakupatsani chidwi ndi masamba okha. M'mitundu ina Gasteria (Gasteria) amakhala m'malo owoneka bwino kwambiri, ena - pamizere iwiri, malo ojintcha, momwe ngati kuti anthu amawayika “matumba” kapena mafani owoneka okonda, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi lingaliro lozungulira.
Masamba akale a Gasteria amwalira, ndipo achichepere amatha kukhala owongoka. Zovala zoyera zimapereka masamba olimba amdima momwe zimakhalira. Ndipo ma rosette aakazi opangidwa mwaunyinji amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kufalitsa mbewuyo kapena kuilitsa "m'magulu."
Gasteria (Gasteria).
Malo ogawa: zipululu za Africa.
Gasteria ndi amodzi mwa othandizira omwe akukula mwachangu omwe amafunika kuwaika chaka chilichonse. Gasteria overwinter amakonda kupola. Koma ena onse amakhala osadzikuza, ololera mthunzi, wokhululuka mosavuta ndipo m'chilimwe amamwe madzi ambiri.
6. Chozizwitsa chamaluwa - choyatsira nyale
Mwa alimi a maluwa, mbewuzi zimadziwikabe ndi dzina lakale la mitundu - Oscular Deltoid (Oscularia amayamba), komanso oimira ena a genus Lamprantus (Lampranthus), komwe ma oculars adaphatikizidwapo, ayenera kuyang'aniridwa. Awa ndi maubwino apadera a shrub omwe ali ndi mphukira mwamphamvu zomwe zimakhala ndi zaka. Amapanga masamba enieni, ngakhale amadyera amawoneka osagwirizana. Masamba obiriwira, othinana, opindika, okhala ndi nthiti, masamba amapanga ma suppulents kukhala amodzi koyambirira kwambiri.
Koma chiwonetsero cha nyali yeniyeni chimayamba pokhapokha maluwa atayamba. Maluwa ochepa amaoneka ngati obiriwira a pinki kapena a lilac pachimake kwambiri kotero kuti pansi pawo nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kupanga mtundu wapadera wa oscularia.
Lampranthus (Lampranthus deltoides), kapena Osasmia deltoid (Oscularia deltoides)Malo ogawa: Zipululu zaku South Africa.
Mukukula kwoyimira magetsi, chinthu chovuta kwambiri ndikusankha kuthirira koyenera. Ngakhale m'chilimwe amachitika kawirikawiri komanso mosamala kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira amatsala pang'ono kumira. Izi zokoma ziyenera kukhala nthawi yayitali kuzizira, koma kuyatsa kowala ndikofunikira kwa mbewu chaka chonse. Popanda kupeza mpweya watsopano, ndizovuta kwambiri kukulitsa ma lampanti.
7. Wofinya kwambiri amawombera otton
Wapadera kwambiri kuposa amodzi otton (Zachikulu) - chomera chomwe chikhalidwe chenicheni cha m'chipululu sichovuta kudziwa ngakhale ndi mayeso pafupi. Kugona ndi kuwola mphukira zofiirira zowoneka bwino kwambiri zimaphatikizidwa mu chomera chapadera ichi ndi masamba atali ndi wandiweyani (kutalika mpaka 7 cm, tsamba limafikira 3 cm). Masamba adapangidwa m'magulu awiriawiri, yolukidwa bwino, yogonjetseka ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba (kapena lobate).
Gawo lozungulira masamba sichinthu chawo chachilendo kwambiri. Kupatula apo, sera wokutira pamitengo yama minofu imawoneka yapadera. Izi zabwino ngakhale limamasula, ndikulola mabasiketi ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu, pomwe zimawonekera kuti mbewuyo ndi ya banja la Asteraceae.
Ottona Cape (Othonna capensis).
Malo ogawa: Zipululu zaku South Africa.
Pa kukongola kwake konsekonse, otton ndi imodzi mwanjira zosavuta kwambiri zokulira. Ngakhale m'chilimwe, kuthirira chomera kumachitika nthawi imodzi pa sabata, kupewa kupitilira muyeso. Osangokhala zojambulajambula, koma otton wokonda dzuwa amakonda nthaka yopepuka, nyengo yozizira komanso mpweya wabwino.
8. Mitengo yozungulira ya Portulacaria
Fananizani portulacaria (Portulacaria) wokhala ndi mtengo wina ngati wokongola - mtsikana wonenepa - zingakhale zolakwika zazikulu. Inde, portulacaria ndi mbewu zapadera. Zitsamba, zomwe mkati mwake zimapangika mwanjira ya nthambi zanthete, zokongola modabwitsa, zimawoneka modabwitsa.
Masamba a Chubby amtundu wowala amakhala moyang'anizana ndi mphukira zazinyalala. Ndikosavuta kupanga chomera, kupangika ngakhale ma silhouettes amakumbukiranso bonsai, ndipo kupezeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongola kumakupatsani mwayi wosankha mbewu zomwe mukufuna.
Portulacaria africa (Portulacaria afra).
Malo ogawa: zipululu za Africa.
Portulacarias amakonda kukhala kunja kwa chilimwe ndipo saopa ngakhale dzuwa lamadzulo. Ndiosavuta kukula iwo, chifukwa ngakhale m'chilimwe mbewu imakonda kuthilira, ndipo kudyetsa ndikosowa kwambiri kwa iwo.
9. Chozizwitsa cha Guatemalan - Guatemalan Chechtia
Chimodzi mwazomera zachilendo kwambiri, osati mndandanda wa nyenyezi zam'chipululu, komanso pakati pa mbewu zakunja. Pesi lomwe linafupikitsidwa silikuwoneka pansi pa malo otulutsa ooneka bwino kwambiri. Mu "mabatani" akuda hechtiamu (Hechtia guatemalensis) atola masamba ataliitali komanso ochepa kwambiri omwe amatha kutalika mpaka theka la mita.
Mphepete mwachangu, utoto wonyezimira, pansi ndi chinsalu chofiirira ngati kuwala kowala kumatembenuza Guatemalan hachtia kukhala nyenyezi yowala. Koma zokoma izi zimadabwitsanso komanso zamaluwa - panicles of maluwa atatu oyera pet maluwa.
Wophatikiza Guatemalan hechtia (Hechtia guatemalensis wosakanizidwa).
Malo ogawa: Zipululu za Central ndi South America.
Kukula chikhalidwe choyambirira ichi ndikosavuta. Pofuna maluwa, amafunika kupereka nyengo yabwino yozizira, maulamuliro opepuka ayenera kukhala okhazikika, ndikuthirira - oyera kwambiri. Kupumula kwa hechtia ndi njira ina yopanda tanthauzo, yopatsa chidwi pakupirira kwake
10. miyala yayikulu ya pachyphytum oviparous
Chimodzi mwazomera zachilendo kwambiri komanso "zamtengo wapatali" zamkati, pachyphytum (Pachyphytum oviferum) zodabwitsa ndi kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe ake, ndi utoto wake. Mphukira zofupikitsidwa sizikuwoneka pansi pa obovate, ozungulira kapena chowulungika pamtanda, zokumbukira mwapadera miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena miyala yokongoletsera, yomwe masamba amafika kutalika kwa 5 cm kutalika kwa 3 cm.
Masamba amaso okhala ndi zokutira-ngati sera amapaka utoto wonyezimira, koma chifukwa cha kapangidwe kamthunziwo amawoneka siliva wowala, ndi kukhudza kwa golide wapinki pakuwala kowala. Zili ngati kuti zimatheka kapena zimabalalika pamapiri pansi, zikuwoneka zokongoletsera zamkati. Siliva pachyphytum imakhalanso pachimake, kutulutsa maluwa ofiira owala pamiyala yayitali ya pubescent.
Pachyphytum oviparous (Pachyphytum oviferum).
Malo ogawa: Zipululu za America.
Kukula zodabwitsa za siliva ndizovuta kuposa chodabwitsa chilichonse. M'chilimwe, pachyphytum sichingataye malo ake pa khonde, koma imakhala yokhutira ndi kuthilira kochepa, kukonda dzuwa komanso kukongola pa kutentha kulikonse. Amafunikiranso nyengo yozizira yokhayokha ya maluwa.
