Ngati matenda oyamba ndi mphesa m'mbuyomu sakadakumbutsidwa okha, tsopano vutoli likukula kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazomwe chinali matenda a mphesa a oidium, omwe amakhudza mbewu zochulukirapo kumadera onse amdzikoli, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito vinyo.
Kodi oidium ndi chiyani?
Oidium ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a fungal, omwe ali ndi mayina ena - ashtray kapena powdery hlobo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timangokhala ndi moyo komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Powdery mildew imapangitsa zipatso za mphesa kukhala zosayenera kumwa komanso kupangira vinyo kuchokera kwa iwo.
Miliri yayikulu kwambiri ya oidium imachitika nyengo yachisanu itazizira (kutentha sikuyenera kugwa pansi -30 ° C). Zomera zam'mimba zimapitilira pamakala amaso, ndipo matenthedwe akamakwera kufika + 18 ° C ... + 25 ° C, amayamba kumera. Imalimbikitsa kukula kwa bowa ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Koma mvula imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina, kusiya kufalikira.
Kuti muchepetse mwayi wokhala ndi matenda mu mphesa, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yomwe imalephera kuthana ndi matendawa, kuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo, kudula mbali zodwala zamasamba ndikuwotcha. Osagwiritsa ntchito feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri.
Zizindikiro za matendawa
Zizindikiro za oidium, zowonetsedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka, ndizosiyana.
Chapakatikati, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera:
- Kupaka utoto wachichepere ndi masamba ophimbidwa ndi utoto wonyeera, wofanana ndi ufa.
- Mphepete masamba amasuma ndikugwada.
- Pansi pa zokutira zoyera pazofiirira zofiirira zofiirira zimayamba kuwoneka. Ngati mungayesetse kufota, ndiye kuti kununkhira kwa nsomba zowola kumawonekera.
- Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, kukula kwa mphukira kumasokonezeka, ndipo minofu yawo imayamba kufa.
M'chilimwe, zizindikirozi ndizosiyana pang'ono:
- Maluwa ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono timaphwa, ndipo masamba a masamba amakhala osalimba.
- Akamakula, zipatso zazing'ono zimaphimbidwa ndi mawanga amdima, ndipo pambuyo pake mawonekedwe amkati amawonekera ndipo amayesedwa.
- Zipatsozo zimayamba kusweka ndi kuvunda. Kukula kwa matendawa kwa iwo kupitilira mpaka nthawi yokolola.
Kupewa ndi Kuletsa Matenda
Ngati ufa wa powdery unapezeka pamphesa - momwe mungathane nawo umakhala nkhani yofunikira kwambiri. Pali njira zingapo zochiritsira matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Kugwiritsa ntchito sulfure ndi sulfure kukonzekera
Pokhala mu mawonekedwe omwazika, sulufule imatengedwa kwambiri ndi bowa, pomwe amasintha kukhala hydrogen sulfide, yomwe imamupha. Sulfa imathandizidwa bwino kwambiri m'mawa kapena madzulo, chifukwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, kuwotcha kumatha kuchitika pamasamba ndi zipatso. Kukonzanso kumachitika tsiku lililonse 10-20. Popewa, ndikofunikira kupukusa 25-25 magalamu a sulfure mu 10 malita a madzi, ndi chithandizo 80-100 magalamu.
Asanalaze mphesa, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa sulfure amagwira ntchito kokha ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kupitirira + 20 ° С, pamunsi kutentha sikothandiza. Ngati kutentha kumatsikira pansipa, ndiye kuti akuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi colloidal sulfure kapena imodzi mwakapangidwe ka sulfure.
Mankhwala amakhudzana ndi
Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pakucha. Chifukwa chake, yankho la potaziyamu permanganate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achedwetse matendawa. Mankhwala, kukonzekera kovuta komwe kumaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakucha kumakhala bwino.
Njira yachilengedwe motsutsana ndi oidium
Njira zopezekera kwambiri pamitundu yonse ndikukonzekera saprophytic microflora kuchokera ku humus kasupe. Imachitika motere: gawo limodzi mwa magawo zana a lita zana limakutidwa ndi humus ndikuthiriridwa ndi madzi otenthetsedwa mpaka 25 ° C, kenako wokutidwa ndi burlap ndikudikirira masiku 6 mukutentha, ndikuyambitsa pafupipafupi.
Tsanulira zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha cheesecloth ndikuthira mu sprayer. Nthawi ya prophylaxis, imasalidwa kumiyala yamitsamba yatsopano. Chochitikacho chimatengera kulowerera kwa microflora pansi pamiyeso ya impso ndi kulumikizana ndi mafangasi a fungus, omwe ndi michere yake. Kusanthula kumachitika tsiku lamitambo kapena madzulo.
Kukonzanso kuyenera kuchitika patatha masiku asanu ndi awiri, ndipo umodzi winanso - usanakhale maluwa. Ndi kukula kwamatenda, kumapeto kwamaluwa, ndikofunikira kukonza chomera kangapo sabata.
Anthu a chitetezo
- Masana, tsitsani theka chidebe cha phulusa m'milita isanu ndi iwiri ya madzi. Pamaso kukonza, ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 1 ndikuwonjezera magalamu 10 a sopo wobiriwira. Ndikusowa kwa nthawi, phulusa limatha kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 20.
- Thirani udzu mu chiyezo cha 1: 3 ndi udzu kapena manyowa atsopano. Kuumirira masiku atatu. Chepetsa ndi magawo atatu amadzi ndikuchiritsa madzulo nthawi iliyonse.
