Ufulu wopeza mbewu zodabwitsazi ndi wa William Burchell, katswiri wazomera wazachingelezi komanso wachilengedwe yemwe adayenda mu Seputembara 1811 kudutsa m'chipululu ku Prisca, South Africa. M'buku lofalitsidwa pambuyo pake, wasayansiyo adalemba chojambula chomwe adapeza. Ngozi yodziwikirayi inathandiza woyendayenda kuti azindikire pakati pa miyala yofanana ndi mwala wozungulira;
Kodi kukula malupu kunyumba? Kodi kukonza ndikusamalira mbewu zachilendozi nkovuta?
Zinyalala - miyala yam'chipululu
Lithops zidatha kubisala kwa chidwi ndi pafupi ndi zaka zana, chifukwa dzina lawo lomwe limachokera ku "lithos" - mwala ndi "opsis" - zimawoneka ngati, mbewu zongolandiridwa mu 1922 zokha. Masiku ano, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yafotokozedwera ndikufotokozedwa, kunja, kwenikweni, kukumbukira kwamiyala yamitundu yonse yamitundu, m'dzinja ikuwulula maluwa achikasu kapena oyera.
Koma "mwala" wamtundu wa malupu ndikusocheretsa.
Ma sheet awiri okhuthala, ophatikizika pamodzi omwe gawo la mlengalenga limadzaziratu ndi chinyezi.
Uwu ndi mtundu wosungira komwe chomera chimasungira nkhokwe yamadzi mofunika kwambiri mchipululu, chomwe chimawonetsetsa kuti ukukula, kukhazikika kwa maluwa, maluwa ndi kubalanso kwa masitepe. Kukula kwa "mwala wamoyo" wodabwitsawu, ndizochulukirapo, zomwe mitundu yambiri imakhala yotalika masentimita 5. Masamba amatha kumangirizidwa ndi thunthu losakhalitsa, tsinde, ndipo mbewuyo imadyetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito muzu wa ndodo yayitali. Ngakhale zili choncho, kunyumba, malupu amalima nthangala, ndipo "timiyala" tating'onoting'ono tomwe takhala tili nawo kwa zaka zambiri.
Kuti ziweto zizimva bwino m'nyumba, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chisamaliro choyenera. Kupanda kutero, nkovuta kudikirira kuti "miyala yamoyo" izitulutsa, ndipo nthawi zina mbewu zimafa zonse.
Litchi amasamalira kunyumba
Ngati kusamalidwa ndi kukonza maloko ndikutengera kwawo, kumaphukira nthawi zonse, masamba awo amakhala olimba ndikusintha kwatsopano kamodzi pachaka. Mbewu ikalandira kuwala kokwanira, madzi ndi chakudya, imakhala pansi mwamphamvu pamtunda ndikupanga masamba awiri. Akamakula, amayamba "kuchepa thupi" ndikumauma, ndipo gulu latsopano limayamba kuwoneka kudzera pagawo.
Monga nzika ya m'chipululu, ma mashopu amafunika kuyatsa kwa chaka chonse. Kunyumba, miphika yokhala ndi mbewuzi imayikidwa bwino pazenera lakumwera, koma ngati sizingatheke, maloko amatha kubzala kunyumba kokha mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi magetsi oyaka.
Kutentha kwa chilimwe komwe kumapezeka pakatikati apakati, a dongosolo la 20-24 ° C, ndizovomerezeka kwa alendo ochokera ku South Africa, chifukwa amathandizanso kutentha kwa madigiri makumi anayi. Chachikulu ndikuti ziweto zomwe zimakakamizidwa kutentha kwambiri sizimagwa dzuwa. Kunyumba, zovala zokhala ndi nthawi yotentha kwambiri zimagwa ngati kubisala, ndikubwezeretsa zinthu zofunika usiku, pamene chipululu chimatha. Kodi kukula lithops mu nyumba?
M'miyezi yotentha, maloko amatha kupita kumunda kapena kukhonde, osayiwala kuteteza mapoto padzuwa. M'miyezi yotentha kwambiri, miphika imasungunuka ndi 20-30% masana. Nthawi yotsala, chitetezo ku dzuwa chimangofunika pokhapokha mphezi zikagunda mbewu. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yobisalirana imayamba kumera. Pakadali pano, kutentha kwa pafupifupi 10-12 ° C, koma osatsika kuposa -8 ° C, kumakhala bwino, apo ayi, madzi amadzimadzimawo amayamba kuwundana ndikuwononga maselo.
Kusamalira malata kunyumba sikuchita popanda kumuika mbewu zokulira. Pomwe mizu ya malupu imadzaza kuchuluka kwa iwo, chomera chimasinthidwa, ndikusankha miphika yayikulu pachikhalidwe ichi, mwakuya pang'ono kuposa kutalika kwa muzu waukulu wa duwa. Popeza ma lithops samalekerera chinyezi, malo okumbamo ayenera kupangidwa pansi, ndipo mutathilira mbewuyo kwa masabata 2-6, malo otenthetsa nthaka amalengedwa, kuyang'anira chinyezi chadothi, kusowa kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe owunikira.
Ngati ma lithop amakhala tcheru kwambiri ndikusowa kapena kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe amtundu wa nthaka amatha kukhala aliwonse. Ndikofunikira kuti gawo lapansi ligwire madzi ofunikira chomera, komanso kukhala athanzi.
Udzu wachitsanzo cha zolengedwa zamtunduwu ukhoza kuphatikiza:
- magawo awiri a land sheet;
- gawo la dongo;
- magawo awiri a mchenga wotsuka;
- kuchuluka kwa peat.
Pamwamba pa dothi mutabzala malamba ndikuwazidwa timiyala ting'onoting'ono, zipolopolo zokhomedwa kapena njira zina zopangira matope zomwe zimalepheretsa kuchepa kwa chinyezi komanso kukula kwa mosses ndi nkhungu pansi. Zingwe zitha kudyetsedwa kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri ngati chomera sichinasandutsidwe dothi latsopano panthawiyi. Pankhaniyi, chisamaliro, komanso kukonza ma mashopu, si kolemetsa komanso kosavuta.
Zolemba zamadzimadzi othirira
Ngati, ndikusowa chinyezi, ma litchi amatha kukhala kwakanthawi chifukwa chosungidwa m'masamba, ndiye kuthirira kwambiri, makamaka madzi osasunthika, nthawi yomweyo kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Kuti chomera chikhale momasuka nthawi zonse, muyenera kusankha boma loyenerera ndikothirira ndikusamala kwambiri za "mwala wamoyo". Ili ndiye gawo lalikulu posamalirira nyumba
- Zoyaka zikasintha masamba akale kuti zikhale zatsopano kapena kumatula masamba, zimafunikira kuthirira kwambiri.
- Koma nthawi yozizira, ndikayamba kwa nyengo yopumira, nthaka nthawi zina imangokhala yothinitsidwa kapena yothiriridwa.
Kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka Disembala, ma phukuta amatha kuthiriridwa patatha masiku 10, koma mmerowo womwe umatha kudziwa ukakhala wopanda chinyezi. Chizindikiro ichi chizikhala kukukutira masamba masana, chomwe chimapitilira m'mawa. M'masiku otentha kwambiri, kukonza ndi kusamalira zovala zophweka kumakhala kovuta. Zomera zimakhala ndi sopo yamadzulo, kupopera ndi madzi ofunda.
Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyimitsidwa. Imafunika kukonzanso mu february, nthawi yomwe mbewu zimatha kulandira madzi kamodzi pa sabata zitatu kapena pang'ono pokhapokha ngati njira yotsegulira kusiyana pakati masamba akale ndiyitali kwambiri.
Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kupewa chinyezi kuti chisalowe pakati pa masamba, ndikuti madontho amakhalapo kumbali zamatumba. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Ngati kuthirira nthawi zonse kumakhala koyenera, kamodzi pamwezi nthaka mumphika imanyowa, yomwe imayerekezera nyengo yamvula ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa mizu. Ikuthirira, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha mashopu osamalira banja, chomwe chimatsimikizira kukula kwa masamba akale ndi mawonekedwe a ma mashopu. Ngati chomera chimalandira madzi ambiri, chambiri chimadziunjikira mu mlengalenga, chifukwa chake, masamba omwe adachoka samafa ndikuwononga mawonekedwe a mbewu.
Kukula maloko kuchokera kwa mbewu kunyumba
Ngati mukufuna kutenga malupu ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku mbewu, kunyumba, kufesa ndibwino kuchitikira mu Marichi.
Musanakulire maloko, konzekerani gawo lapansi motengera:
- gawo limodzi la njerwa zofiira 2 mm;
- magawo awiri a dziko la turf;
- magawo awiri amchenga;
- gawo limodzi dongo komanso ofanana peat.
Kenako dothi limanyowa, kusakanikirana, kupukusidwa ndi kumasulidwa. Mukadzaza poto pa 25-30% ya kutalika, pangani dothi lamiyala yabwino, ndikudzaza dothi ndikufetsa.
Mbewu zoyambitsa kulumwa koyambirira zimanyowa kwa maola 6 ndipo, popanda kupukuta, zofesedwa pansi panthaka.
Tsopano, kukula kwa zovala zocheperako kunyumba zimangotengera kuwasamalira. Mutabzala, chotengera chimatsekedwa ndi galasi kapena filimu ndikuyikira kumera m'malo otentha. Kuti mbewu zimere bwino, ndibwino nthawi yomweyo kupereka zikhalidwe pafupi ndi zachilengedwe.
- Masana mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'chiwiya chonyamuliramo ayenera kukhala kutentha kwa 28-30 C, ndipo usiku ndi 15-18 ° C basi.
- Kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku, filimuyo imachotsedwa ndipo mbewu zimathandizidwa kwa mphindi zingapo.
- Dothi likauma, limasungunuka ndi mfuti yopopera.
Pambuyo pa masiku 6 mpaka 12, muyenera kuyembekezera mbande yoyamba ndikukonzekera gawo latsopano lazosamalira ma littu kunyumba. Zikamera tating'onoting'ono pamwamba pamtunda, zimafunikira kupakidwa mpweya mpaka kanayi patsiku, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi mpaka mphindi 20. Ndikofunikira kuti mpweya wozungulira ubweya wotentha usenthe pamwamba pa 40 ° C, ndikuwonetsa kuti dzuwa siligwera pa mbande. Ngati kuunikako sikokwanira, patatha masiku angapo mbewuzo zitazimiririka.
Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ndi mtola, kumtunda kwa dothi kumuphika kumadzaza bwino ndi timiyala tating'ono. Ndipo koyamba kufufuza nkhungu kapena moss panthaka, amathandizidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu yamitundu yokhazikika, miyezi isanu mutabzala, nthawi yakwana yoti masamba asinthe asinthe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewu ndizochepa kuthirira, zomwe zimapangidwanso pokhapokha masamba akale atatha. Ngati ma tinsalu ting'onoting'ono timakula bwino pakakhala mtunda pakati pawo, ndiye kuti "miyala yamoyo" yachikulire ibzalidwe pafupi wina ndi mnzake, nkusiyira mipata yoposa masentimita awiri ndi atatu. kukonza ndi kusamalira zomwe sizovuta.
