Orchids Dendrobium

Ngati mutanthauzira molondola dzina la mtundu uwu wa ma orchid, amatanthauza "kukhala pamitengo" ndikuwonetsa kuti mbewu zamtunduwu nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi moyo wa epiphytic.

Maluwa amenewa ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri, ndipo mwina ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya mabanja a orchid (mtunduwo uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 1,500). Zomera zamtundu wa Dendrobium zimasiyana kwambiri osati maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maluwa, komanso kukula kwawo ndi kapangidwe kake. Apa mungapeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yosangalatsa yachilendo.

Mphukira zamaluwa zimatha kukula, kupendekera pansi, ngati masango kapena mwachindunji. Maluwa onse amtunduwu amadziwika chifukwa cha milomo, yotchedwa "chin". Kukula kwa mbewuzo kumasiyana kwambiri: ma orchid ena ndi ofanana ndi mamilimita ochepa, pomwe ena amatha kutalika kwa 2 metres kapena kupitilira apo.

Mitundu yambiri ya dendrobium, monga Dendrobium Pierre kapena Mlimi Dendrobium asanafike maluwa amataya masamba awo. Mitundu iyi ndi yamtundu wa orchid wozizira kwambiri. Nthawi yopanda masamba, imawoneka ngati mbewu zouma, zosiyidwa, koma matenthedwe akamatha, maluwa amenewa amakhalanso okutidwa ndi msipu wobiriwira. Mitundu ina yamtundu, monga Dendrobium yabwino kapena Dendrobium bukesotsotsvesny amathanso kutaya masamba awo ngati gawo lopumulalo lifotokozedwa momveka bwino, koma nthawi zambiri izi sizichitika. Mitundu yotsala yamtunduwu imakhala yobiriwira nthawi zonse ndipo ili m'gawo lotentha lotentha. Pali zosiyana zazikulu pakulima kwa ma orchid a mtundu wa Dendrobium mwakuti mtunduwu utha kugawidwa m'magulu pafupifupi 15. Mwa mitundu ya maluwa okongoletsedwa, mitundu yachilendo kwambiri, yodabwitsa kwambiri inawonjezeredwa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavuta kusamalira. Mitundu ya Orchid ikukula kwambiri pakukula pazenera. Dendrobium Phalaenopsis ndi Dendrobium yabwino.

Kwawo: Sri Lanka, India, South China, South Japan, South Pacific Islands, Eastern Australia ndi Northeast Tasmania.

Dendrobium © Juni kuchokera ku Kyoto, Japan

Mawonekedwe

Kutentha: Dendrobium ndi thermophilic, nthawi yozizira kutentha kotentha kuli pafupifupi 22-25 ° C, usiku osachepera 15 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yopumula ikasungidwa m'malo ozizira ndi pafupifupi 12 ° C, kutengera mtundu wa mbewu.

Zowunikira: Ma dendrobiums ndi ojambula; mawindo akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo amawakwanira; pawindo lakumwera limafunikira maola otentha kwambiri masana.

Kuthirira: Kuchulukana pakukulidwa mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndizochepa, i.e. pafupifupi zowuma.

Feteleza: Munthawi ya kukula, budding ndi maluwa, amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wa ma orchid.

Chinyezi chamlengalenga: Dendrobium imafunikira chinyezi cha mpweya pafupifupi 60% ndi kupitilira, motero ndikwabwino kuyiyika pa pallet ndi madzi kapena timiyala tonyowa.

Thirani: Kuziika kumachitika pokhapokha mizu ya orchid ikayamba kutuluka mumphika ndipo mbewuyo imachepetsa kukula. Pafupifupi dendrobium amawazika pambuyo pa zaka 3-4, mphika suyenera kukhala waukulu kwambiri, apo ayi mbewuyo imakula bwino. Dothi ndi kusakaniza kwapadera kwa ma orchid. Mutha kuphika nokha - chifukwa ichi, peat yamahatchi ndi zidutswa zazikulu za makungwa a paini amatengedwa.

Ntchito: Kulekanitsa ndi kugawa mpweya.

Tizilombo, matenda: Scabies ndi pemphigi, mitundu ina ilinso ndi akangaude a kangaude - wokhala ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri. Ndi kudziunjikira kwachilendo, kuwonongeka kwa bowa ndikotheka.

Dendrobium (Dendrobium amabile) © KENPEI

Kulima ndi chisamaliro

Ma dendrobiums amalimidwa kutengera zachilengedwe zawo muzipinda zocheperako (18-22 ° C) kapena nyengo yozizira m'mabasiketi, pamipanda ya khungwa la mtengo wa thundu kapena mizu ya mtengo wa fern. Gawo laling'ono lomwe limalimidwa ndi khungwa la paini, masamba owola, makala ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 0.5).

Ma Dendrobiums owoneka bwino ochokera kumadera omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yabwino. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe amasungidwa nyengo yotentha (22-24) yonyowa, makamaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Pambuyo pakucha kwa tsinde, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira imayimitsidwa kwathunthu, amangokhala kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikusunga kutentha osachepera madigiri 15-17. Dendrobium Phalaenopsis, popeza ilibe nthawi yopanda mvula ndipo imachokera kumapiri amvula, imayenera kukhala yotentha komanso yonyowa chaka chonse. Mokulira, mbewu ndizithunzi, komabe, nthawi yotentha masana amafunikira pang'ono. Amakula bwino pang'onopang'ono.

Kufalikira pogawa chitsamba, tsinde kudula ndi apical mphukira - ana kupanga mlengalenga. Gawani tchire lisakhale lopanda zaka 3-4, pomwe mphukira za apical zimatha kuchotsedwa pachaka. Kubzala ndi kubereka zimachitika mu Epulo - Juni, kutengera mitundu, pamene mphukira zazing'ono zimayamba kukula.

Ma dendrobiums ndi mbewu zowoneka bwino, amakonda mpweya wabwino, koma osalekerera kukonzekera. Pachimake kwambiri, pafupifupi masiku 12-19. Mchigawochi, maluwa amtundu wina amasungidwa watsopano kwa masiku 4-6 (mpaka milungu 3 mu phalaenopsis dendrobium).

Pa kukula kwambiri 2 kawiri pamwezi, amadyetsedwa ndi yankho la 0,01% la feteleza wathunthu wamafuta.

Kukula kumatha, mitundu yokhazikika imalowa munthawi yovunda ndipo imafunikira zabwino komanso zowuma. Mitundu yopanda nyengo yopanda matalala, monga, mwachitsanzo, D. moschatum, imafunikira kuthirira kochepa pamene njira zokulitsa zimacheperachepera. Zomera zam'malo otentha (D. phalaenopsis, D. chrisotoxum) nthawi iliyonse pachaka zimafunikira kuthirira, ndipo kutentha pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira kumayenera kukhala osachepera 15 ° C. Panthawi yokhala matalala, chinyezi china chimayenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse, mbewu ziyenera kuthiridwa magazi nthawi ndi nthawi kuti tipewe kufinya kwambiri komanso makwinya a tuberidia.

Mitundu yonse ya maluwa okongola a genend Dendrobium amafunikira pang'ono. Mitundu yambiri ilinso yoyenera kuswana pazidutswa. Zomera zazitali zimafunikira kuthiridwa nthawi zambiri kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Mitundu ina ya Dendrobium, mwachitsanzo, phalaenopsis, imakonda kupanga "ana", omwe mitunduyi imavuta kufalitsa.

Dendrobium yabwino (Dendrobium nobile), komanso mitundu ina ndi masamba ophatikizira masamba, ziyenera kuyikidwa pamalo ozizira (10-14 ° С) ndi malo ouma mumdima (Novembala mpaka Januware). Masamba akaoneka bwino, bweretsani mbewuyo pamalo ake.

Dendrobium King (Dendrobium kingianum), Dendrobium ndi yabwino kwambiri (Dendrobium speciosum) ndi abale awo m'chilimwe amatha kuyikamo, ngati ma cymbidium orchid, kunja, m'malo owala, koma osati dzuwa. Ngati mulibe mwayi wotere, perekani chidwi makamaka kuti nthawi yozizira mbewuyo ili pamalo abwino komanso owuma.

Dendrobium Phalaenopsis (Dendrobium phalaenopsis), komanso mitundu ina yofananira ndi ma hybrids, ndikokwanira kuyika pamalo otentha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti usiku kutentha kumatsika, monga zimafunikira ndi zomera zamitundu iyi.

Malangizo: Mukamagula chomera cha mtundu wa Dendrobium, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu uti wa orchid wanu, popeza kuyang'ana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Dendrobium ndikosatheka kupereka upangiri wambiri posamalira mbewu.

Dendrobium (Dendrobium sulcatum) © Elena Gaillard

Mitundu

Dendrobium aloe tsamba (Dendrobium aloifolium)

Epiphyte, wodziwika ku Southeast Asia ndi Indonesia. Mphukira zowonda ndizophimbidwa kwambiri ndi masamba osakanika amitundu itatu, monga masamba abwino. Zovala zazifupi zimapangika kuchokera ku masamba apamwamba a mphukira, omwe alibe masamba obiriwira. Maluwa ndi ambiri (osachepera 10-12) komanso ochepa kwambiri, masentimita 0,2-0.4 zokha. Magawo onse a maluwa ndi oyera oyera. Limamasula nthawi yachilimwe komanso yophukira, kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala.

Dendrobium wopanda masamba (Dendrobium aphyllum)

Mitundu ya Epiphytic kapena lithophytic, yofalikira ku Southeast Asia. Pseudobulbs ndizitali, zodutsa, zopindika. Mitengo yofupikitsa imakhazikika mumitengo yomwe idatsitsa masamba a mphukira za chaka chatha ndipo imabala maluwa amodzi kapena atatu a pinki okhala ndi milomo yoluka. Duwa lililonse m'mimba mwake limafikira masentimita 3-5. Mtengo waukulu wa maluwa umapezeka m'mwezi wa February-Meyi, komabe, zitsanzo zamaluwa zikhalidwe zimatha kupezeka pafupifupi chaka chonse.

Noble Dendrobium (Dendrobium nobile)

Epiphytic orchid, lofalitsidwa kwambiri ku Southeast Asia. Mababu a Pseudo mpaka 60-90 cm, ophatikizika. Mitundu yayifupi yokhala ndi maluwa anayi kapena anayi kuchokera m'mimba mwake kufika 6 mpaka 10 cm, yomwe imakhala yokhazikika komanso imatha kuyimirira kwakanthawi. Maluwa a mithunzi yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kumaso amdima a lilac ndi ofiira okongola kufikira oyera oyera. Mlomo uli ndi malo akulu akuda. Pachikhalidwe, limamasula pafupipafupi kuyambira Januware mpaka Meyi.

Dendrobium nobile © Guérin Nicolas

Dendrobium -wiri wozungulila (Dendrobium bigibbum)

Epiphytic kapena lithophytic chomera ku North Australia. Pseudobulbs amanyamula masamba amtundu pamapeto. Zidendene zimawonekera kuchokera pa masamba a kumtunda kwapamwamba, ndipo onse mphukira zachinyamata za chaka chatha kukula ndi ma pseudobulbs akale opanda masamba amatha kuphuka nthawi yomweyo. Munthu aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito maluwa amakhala ndi maluwa owala 8-20 okhala ndi masentimita 3-5, lofiirira-rasipiberi kapena wofiirira-pinki, nthawi zina oyera. Limamasulidwa kuyambira mwezi wa August mpaka Disembala.

Dendrobium sole (Dendrobium unicum)

Dziko laling'ono la epiphytic ndi lithophytic dendrobium ndi Northern Thailand, Laos ndi Vietnam. Chomera chovomerezeka, ndipo chopanda masamba ndichaka chambiri. Pambuyo pake maluwa amodzi otulutsa maluwa atatu amodzi amawonekera pamasamba omwe adatsika masamba. Maluwa amatembenukira mozungulira, lalanje wowala, wokhala ndi masentimita 3.5-5.0. Milomo yake ndi yachikasu. Limamasula kuyambira Januwale mpaka June.

Dendrobium christyanum

Ma epiphyte ang'onoang'ono akuchokera kumpoto kwa Thailand, Vietnam ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China. Pseudobulbs imakhala ndi 2-7 internodes, iliyonse yomwe imanyamula pepala limodzi. Ma inflorescence ndi maluwa amodzi, afupikitsa, amawonekera kumtunda kwa mphukira. Maluwa mpaka mainchesi 5, oyera kapena otsekemera, translucent. Mlomo wake ndi wamanja atatu, wokhala ndi gawo lofiirira kapena lalanje kapena lalanje. Limamasula kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira.

Dendrobium lindley (Dendrobium lindleyi)

Mitundu ya Epiphytic, yofalikira ku Southeast Asia (India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China). Ma pseudobulbs ndi osagwirizana; zipolopolo zimakutidwa ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Masamba a inflorescence ndi ofananira, ozungulira, okhala ndi maluwa achikasu achikasu kapena amtundu wachikaso ndi mainchesi a 2,5-5.0 ndi mlomo wotseguka, wokhala ndi malo akulu a lalanje ndi achikasu pakati. Limamasula kuyambira Marichi mpaka Julayi.

Dendrobium loddiges (Dendrobium loddigesii)

Kwawo - Laos, Vietnam, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China, Hong Kong. Ichi ndi kakang'ono ka epiphytic orchid (10-18 cm) wokhala ndi masamba owonda kwambiri okhala ndi masamba akulu owala ndi masentimita 5. Ma inflorescence ndi maluwa amodzi, nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati masika kumapeto. Maluwa ali ndi manda ofiira, pamiyala yofiirira, komanso mlomo wofiirira wamtambo wokhala ndi malo akulu achikasu a lalanje pakati. Maluwa amatenga mwezi wa February mpaka June.

Mkango dendrobium (Dendrobium leonis)

Kwawoko - Cambodia, Laos, Malaya, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra ndi Kalimantan. Maluwa ochepa (10-25 cm) okhala ndi mphukira zopyapyala ndikuwaphimba ndi masamba osyanthika amiyala yaying'ono kuyambira 3.8 mpaka 5 cm. Ma inflorescence amakula m'malo opanga ma apical internodes omwe adatsitsa masamba. Chilichonse chodzitengera chimakhala ndi maluwa amtundu wamtundu wachikasu chimodzi kapena awiri obiriwira obiriwira okwanira masentimita 1.5-2.0. Amachita kwambiri pachilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira.

Odorless Dendrobium (Dendrobium anosmum)

Epiphyte, kufalikira ku Southeast Asia. Mwachilengedwe, mphukira zake zimatha kukula kwakukulu - mpaka 3 m, ndi chikhalidwe - 30-90 cm.Maguduwa ofota amawoneka ngati mphukira zomwe zatsika masamba ndikupanga maluwa akulu akulu awiri. Maluwa okhala ndi masentimita 7-10, opaka utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zomera zamtunduwu m'malo obiriwira zimatha kupezeka chaka chonse, pomwe nsonga zamaluwa zimawonedwa kuyambira Januwale mpaka Epulo

Dendrobium primrose (Dendrobium primulinum)

Mtunduwu wafalikira ku Southeast Asia. Chomera cha Epiphytic chokhala ndi masamba ataliatali okhala ndi masamba. Inflorescence ya maluwa awiri amodzi kuchokera ku masamba omwe amatulutsa masamba a internodes. Maluwa ndi mainchesi 4-8, amtundu wofiirira wokhala ndi mlomo wawukulu wachikasu loyera, womwe mkati mwa pharynx umapakidwa utoto wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Limamasula mwachilengedwe mu kasupe, mchikhalidwe kuyambira Januware mpaka August.