Ngakhale kubera kwa katsabola, sizotheka nthawi zonse kupeza mafuta omwe mukufuna. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndizambiri zomwe zimayambitsa bowa.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za zaka zambiri zowonera zochitidwa ndi akatswiri a minda yolima mbewu ndi kuswana, Powoy mphutsi, fomosis ndi cercosporosis ndi oopsa kwambiri pakubzala mbewu. Komabe, awa si mndandanda wathunthu wa matenda a katsabola. Ndichite chiyani ngati katsabola akutembenukira chikasu pabedi, kapena masamba ake atakhala lakuda ndi kupindika? Dziwani za matenda omwe amabzala m'munda ndikuzindikira njira zoyendetsera zingathandize kufotokoza kwa matenda ndi zithunzi za mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa.
Powdery mildew ya katsabola
Matendawa, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa Erysiphe umbelliferarum, amadziwika kwambiri m'madera onse mdziko muno ndipo samakhudzanso katsabola, koma mbewu zokhudzana kwambiri, monga kaloti, parsnips, udzu winawake ndi fennel.
M'malo otetezedwa, phula louma la poty umapezeka m'malo obisalako pomwe maudzu amapezeka, ndipo m'mabedi otseguka powdery mildew nthawi zambiri amapatsira mbeu nyengo yotentha.
Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi choyera, choyambirira chimawoneka ngati cobweb kenako ndikuwatsata ndi burashi kapena ufa, wopangidwa ndi mycelium wa bowa wa tizirombo. Masamba akuwonekera pamalo obiriwira obiriwira mpaka pamene matendawa amakhudza ziwalo zonse za mlengalenga. Udzu womwe umakhala ndi poyizoni wowonda, umataya kukoma kwake, kununkhira kwake ndi kukoma kwake.
Monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri amtunduwu, fungal spores nthawi yozizira m'malo zinyalala zam'mera zomwe sizinachotsedwe pamabedi, ndikutsalanso namsongole. Mitundu yamtchire yamtchire imakhala makamaka mwakufuna kwawo.
Katsabola peronosporosis
Zabodza za poty powder kapena peronosporosis, zofananira mawonekedwe ake, zimakhudzanso gawo la mlengalenga. Matendawa amatuluka kwambiri mu nyengo yonyowa, kutentha kwa 18 mpaka 20 ° C.
Matendawa akamakula, masamba a dill amatembenukira chikasu panja, kenako amakhala bulauni. Ndipo kumbuyo, utoto wokuyera woyera umawoneka bwino. Njira yofananira imayamba pa maambulera, mbewu ndi mphukira. Popita nthawi, mbewu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi peronosporosis imayamba kuwuma.
Zoyenera kuchita pamene katsabola akutembenukira chikasu pabedi? Gwero la matendawa lili m'zinthu zathanzi ndi zodetsedwa zamasamba, namsongole, ndipo matendawa amatha kufalikira kudzera m'mbewu zodwala kale. Chifukwa chake, sizoyenera kuti tisalole mawonekedwe a udzu ndi tinthu tosongoka pansi.
Fomoz katsabola
Chifukwa chomwe bulu limakhala wakuda pamabedi limatha kugona tiziwalo timene timakhudzidwa ndi causative wothandizira wa fomosis. Matendawa, kufalikira kuchokera ku Non-Chernozem Territory kupita ku dera la Krasnodar Territory ndi dera la Volga, kumabweretsa zowonongeka zazikulu m'minda yolimidwa komanso kubzala minda yamtundu wa anthu.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa kumatha kuwoneka pamtundu wachichepere limodzi ndi thunthu lakuda lomwe limakhudza zimayambira, kapena theka lachiwiri la chilimwe pamtchire akuluakulu.
Phoma anethi Sacc wowononga amakhalapo pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri, tomwe timafotokozedwa kunja kwa mawonekedwe, masamba, inflorescence komanso mizu yakuda ya mawonekedwe ataliatali ndi madontho akuda. Ndi gawo lofunikira la bowa ili lomwe lingakhale yankho ku funso loti chifukwa chiyani kutsabola mumabedi kumadetsa. Popeza kukula kwa bowa pachomera chobowola sikhala osaposa masabata awiri, nthawi yamatendawa imapereka mibadwo yambiri ndipo imatha kuyambitsa mafunde angapo matendawa. Spores ndi mphepo, mvula ndi tizilombo zimafalikira, ndikulimbikira m'malo akufa omwe agwera m'nthaka, mbewu ndi namsongole.
Katsabola akagwidwa ndi fomosis pamlingo wopanga ndi kupsa, omaliza amataya kumera ndikuyamba kukhala matenda.
Katsabolaercercorosis
Cercosporosis imafanana kwambiri ndi fomosis ya katsabola, ndipo, imayang'anira kukula kwa matendawa. Izi zikuwoneka pachithunzi cha katsabola, ndipo kulimbana ndi matenda kumatithandizanso kuchitapo kanthu. Kodi chifukwa chiyani katsabola amaderanso khungu? Kuchokera ku matenda omwe amafalitsidwa ndi Cercospora anethi fungi, ziwalo zonse zapamwamba za pansi pano zimavutika, pomwe mawanga amdima kapena a bulauni amawonekera pamalo omwe bowa umalowa, ndipo kenako amatenga gawo lalitali m'mizereyo.
Pamene kusasinthika kwa spore kumayambira, mawanga amaphimbidwa ndi zokutira, zokutira pang'ono. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimasungidwa nthangala zakhwima, komanso pazinthu zowuma zomwe sizidziwike pamabedi.
Mwendo wakuda wa katsabola
Kuwonongeka kwa mphero kuchokera kumiyendo yakuda nthawi zambiri kumapezeka m'malo obisalamo kapena pamene mukukula mbewu m'malo obiriwira pachokha.
Gwero la matendawa ndi mbewu yomwe ili ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Chifukwa cha kutseguka kwawo, kuzungulira kwa khosi la mizu kumayamba, chifukwa choti katsabola kamasanduka wakuda, zimayambira za mbewu m'masiku oyambira pambuyo poti ziwoneka ngati zochepa komanso zowuma. Kukula kwa mwendo wakuda kumapitilira mpaka pakuyamba kuwululidwa kwa masamba owona. Ndipo m'malo otentha kwambiri, mpaka 50% ya mbewu zimangokhala pomwepo ndikufa.
Kukula kwa mwendo wakuda kumathandizira osati kuthirira kwambiri, komanso:
- kusinthasintha kwa kutentha;
- kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino wobiriwira;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza nthaka yomweyo m'malo obisalamo nkhokwe ndi malo obisalamo, komanso mukamakula mbande;
- kusamasuka ndi kutumphuka kwa dothi lapansi;
- kuchuluka acidity nthaka;
- kuwala kochepa
- kuperewera kwa mbeu zosakwanira.
Ndiye chifukwa chake mphukira za katsabola zimasanduka zakuda pamabedi.
Chiwopsezo chofalitsa mwendo wakuda chimachulukitsa nthawi zambiri ngati mbewu zosasindikizidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa, mwina kachilombo ka phomosis ndi cercosporosis.
Fusarium wilting wa katsabola zomera
Fusarium pa katsabola imayamba ndi masamba apansi, choyamba amadyera a katsabola amatembenukira chikasu, kenako mtundu umasintha kukhala wamtundu kapena bulauni. Kufalikira, matendawa amagwira timiyala tambiri, ndipo mbewuzo zimayamba kutha. Kukula kwa matenda kumatha kuweruzidwa ndi gawo la tsinde, zotengera zomwe zingakhalenso ndi chikaso chofiirira, chofiirira kapena chofiirira. Ngati katsabola m'mundamo watembenukira chikasu, kodi mlimiyo azichita chiyani?
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Fusarium timadziunjikira ndipo nthawi yozizira m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, tizirombo ta dothi titha kukhala onyamula. Mafangayi amatha kulowa m'mizimba ya dill ndi kumasula mosasamala, komanso ndi nematode. Choyambitsa chiopsezo cha fusarium ndikutunga madzi kwakanthawi kwamdothi, komanso kutentha kwamtunda.
Ndi osafunika kwenikweni kulola chinyezi m'nthaka komanso kuchuluka kwa tizirombo m'nthaka.
Verticillus ikuchepa
Mafangayi, omwe amathandizira matendawa, amakhudza mitsempha ya magazi ya chomera. Zotsatira zakutukuka, matenda obwera chifukwa cha katsabola amalephera kulandira chakudya ndi chinyezi, ndipo minyewa yam'mimba imatsekeka. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zitha kuwoneka pakati pa Juni, ndipo chithunzi chathunthu chikukula theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, pomwe katsabola amatulutsa ndipo amapanga mbewu. Poyamba, katsabola wovala matendawa amatembenukira chikasu kokha nthawi yotentha, kenako masambawo amawonekera kwathunthu, ma curls ndi kutembenukira bulauni.
Magwero a matenda oopsa kutsabola ndi dothi loipitsidwa ndi fungus Verticillium dahliae, manyowa osavunda bwino kapena manyowa.
Njira Zowongolera Matenda a Dill
Popeza mbewu zobiriwira, kuphatikizapo katsabola, ndizowopsa kwambiri, mankhwala oopsa sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi bowa ndi tizirombo.
Ndipo monga mukuwonera pachithunzi cha matenda oyendetsa bizinezi, kulimbana nawo sikungokhala ndi chithandizo chanthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa pakupewa komanso kupewa kuteteza matenda oopsa kwa mbewu.
Pofuna kusiyanitsa kufalikira kwa matenda kudzera mu mbewu ndi kupewa bowa kuti asaphe mbande, ndikofunikira kusankha mbeu zotsimikizika zokha, komanso kupha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda musanabzale. Izi zitha kuchitika ndikunyowetsa mbewu m'madzi kwa mphindi 20-30 ndi kutentha kosaposa 45 ° C. Nthawi yomweyo, bowa amafa, koma mluza suvutika, womwe umakupatsani mbewu zabwino komanso zipatso zambiri zatsopano.
Pofesa, ndikofunikira kugawa malo abwino okhala ndi dothi lotayirira. Dothi lokhala ndi asidi limayikidwa. Siyenera kuloledwa kuti katsabola afesedwe kwa zaka zambiri m'malo omwewo. Ndikwabwino kusinthana mbewu zamtunduwu ndi nthangala, mphuno, mavwende. Popeza mbewu za maambulera nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo tokha, sizoyenera kuyanjanitsa mabedi a kaloti, katsabola kapena udzu winawake.
Kuchulukitsa kwa mbewu sikuyenera kuloledwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kufooka kwa mbewu ndikukula kwamatenda amtundu uliwonse.
Tizilombo ta dothi komanso touluka titha kufalitsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Chomwe chimapangitsa masamba a katsabola kupindika ndi phokoso lomwe limakhazikika pazomera. Koma ngati tizilombo titha kuchapa ndi madzi, ndiye kuti mafangayi omwe amalowetsa minyewa chifukwa chogwiritsa nthito amabweza. Ndipo apa ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti muteteze kutsabola osati kokha ma aphid, komanso nematode, wireworms, mothot ndi karoti ndi ogwira ntchito m'migodi.
Kubzala kumatha kutetezedwa ndikuchotsa udzu nthawi zonse, pamabedi pawokha komanso panjira yawo. Pakudula komanso mutakolola, zotsalira zomwe zimasunga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ziyenera kuwonongeka.
Nanga bwanji ngati katsabola amatembenukira chikasu pamabedi, amasandulika ofiira kapena masamba a chomera kupindika?
Kuvala pafupipafupi kwa maambulera ndi phosphorous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu kumathandizira kuteteza katsabola ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso matenda ena. Ngati kompositi kapena manyowa agwiritsidwa ntchito kuthira feteleza, momwe ma bowa ambiri amasungidwa bwino, ndibwino kuti m'malo mwake mukavala zovala zapamwamba zopangidwa mufakitale. Njira yabwino yothetsera mavalidwe abwino ndi kubzala masamba ena obiriwira opanda yankho labwino.
