Madzi oyenda pansi amatha kudutsa pansi pa malo aliwonse, kukhala gulu laling'ono kapena rivulet yonse, ndipo tidzakulitsa mundawo modekha osadziwa za iwo. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha atanama kwambiri. Kodi mlimi angatani, pomwe pansi panthaka panafika pafupi dothi, kodi amatha kuwerama manja ndikungosiya malowo? Lero tikambirana za momwe mungadziwire bwino momwe mulili ndi mulingo wamadzi apansi panthaka, chiyani komanso momwe mungabzalire pamalowo.
Madzi okwera pansiMadzi apansi pansi ndi chiyani?
Mwachilengedwe, madzi apansi pansi ndi madzi wamba omwe nthawi zina amadziunjikira mozama ndipo nthawi zina osazama kwambiri pansi. Itha kukhala ndikuyenda kapena kuyimirira (ndiye kuti, osasunthika, ngati mawonekedwe a nyanja yaying'ono pansi pa tsamba lanu). Fomu, ndiye kuti, pangani mawonetsero amadzi, ndipo nthawi zina matalala ambiri. Zikuwoneka kuti chinyezi chazimeza ndipo zapita, koma zenizeni zimatha kutolera pansi, ndikukula ndi nyengo iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, omwe amatchedwa "madzi nthunzi condensate" amapanganso madzi apansi panthaka, omwe pawokha amapangika mu dothi ndipo, ayi, sitingapangitse mapangidwe ake.
Zachidziwikire, choyambirira, kuya kwa malo apansi panthaka kumadalira mawonekedwe anu, komanso kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje, ndiko kuti, matupi amadzi pafupi ndi nyumba yanu yachilimwe kapena nyumba. Pomwe dothi limakhala louma kapena m'malo otsika kwambiri, pansi pamadzi nthawi zambiri pamakhala nthaka, nthawi zambiri limakwera pamwamba pa theka la mita kuchokera pansi ndipo nthawi zambiri limatsika pansi mita imodzi.
Mitundu ya pansi panthaka
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa pansi pamadzi kumatha kusiyanasiyana ngakhale mchaka chimodzi. Nthawi zambiri, mulingo womwewo umakwanira nthawi yozizira, nthaka ikamazizira komanso kuti singathe kulowa m'madzi. Chapakatikati, chipale chofewa chikayamba, madzi pansi panthaka amadzuka, chifukwa nthaka munthawiyi imadzaza ndi chinyezi, ndipo chinyezi chambiri chimagwira ngati gwero lamadzi oyenda pansi.
Nthawi zambiri mumapezeka mitundu ingapo yamadzi apansi pansi - pamwamba, ndiye kuti, omwe amatchedwa madzi apansi panthaka komanso osapanikizika, ndiye kuti, nthaka yakunja.
Yoyamba nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuzama kuchokera pa theka la mita mpaka mamitala atatu ndipo imatha kupezeka m'malo, nthawi zambiri pamakomoka kapena pakati pa dothi. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pachilala, mwachitsanzo, pakati pa chilimwe kapena chisanu kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, madzi akulu amatha kusowa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu. Mwachilengedwe, mvula ikangobweranso, kapena matalala asungunuka, ndiye kuti chinyezi m'nthaka chimakwera, madzi apamwamba amabwerera kumalo ake akale.
Ngati madzi apezeka, ndiye kuti pamakhala madzi abwino okhala ndi mchere wambiri ndipo amatha kupweteketsa mbewu.
Njira yachiwiri ndi madzi osapanikizika, amatha kugona mwakuya mita imodzi mpaka isanu ndipo nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika, pomwe wosungayo sangathawe. Ndi madzi awa omwe amapatsa wamaluwa zovuta zazikulu, popeza zimadzazidwanso chifukwa cha chisanu chosungunuka, mvula, ngati nyanja, mtsinje, rivulet kapena ngakhale mtsinje uli pafupi (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa). Amatha kudyetsa madzi osasangalatsa komanso zitsime zaukadaulo, komanso makungwa am'madzi, omwe tidalembanso za iwo.
Malo wamba okhala am'madziMomwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa madzi apansi pa tsamba lanu?
Choyamba, muyenera kusankha molondola nthawi yoyenera kuti mudziwe madzi apansi pamunsiyo. Kumayambiriro koyambira, nthawi zambiri pansi panthaka pamakhala kukwana.
Ndikothekanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa madzi apansi panthaka, ndikokwanira kupita pachitsime chapafupi ndikuyang'ana mkati, ngati kuli kouma, zikutanthauza kuti pansi panthaka ndikuya kwambiri ndipo palibe choopsa, mutha kuwabzala, ndipo ngati chitsime chadzaza madzi, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kuzindikira. Nthawi zambiri, madzi pachitsime amatha kuchokera ku malo ena obisika. Mtunda kuchokera pagalasi lamadzi kupita kumtunda ungatsimikizidwe ndikuchepetsa muyeso wamatepi kapena mapasa pamenepo.
Njira ina yodziwira mulingo wamadzi apansi panthaka ndizomera zomwe zimamera patsamba lino. Tinene kuti malowo ndi owuma bwino, koma ngati yokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amasilira chinyontho komanso amakula bwino, izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi ambiri pansi pake amakhala pena pake.
Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuchenjezedwa ndikukula pamalowo nettle, sedge, hemlock, mabango, digito ndi zomeranso. Mwanjira iyi, kupezeka kwakukulu pamadzi a pansi kumakhala kofanana ndi mamita awiri (koma izi ndizabwino kwambiri).
Ngati pamalowa "spikes" chowawa kapena licorice, ndiye kuti mutha kupumira mwakachetechete: kwambiri mwina, mpaka mamita atatu pansi pamadzi, ndipo patsambali mutha kudzala chilichonse, bwino, kupatula kupatula mtedza ndi mtedza wa Manchurian.
Mutha kuwona kuyandikira kwa pansi panthaka komanso mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zikukula m'derali, pamenepo zidzakhala zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira bwino, popanda lingaliro labwinobwino losowa chinyezi m'nthaka.
Ma midges osiyanasiyana amathandizira kudziwa malo oyambira pansi m'deralo: ngati midges ikung'ambika ndikuzungulira malo amodzi tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti madzi ali pafupi kwambiri. Ngakhale amphaka, pakufunika, nthawi zambiri amasankha njira yodutsa mitsempha yamadzi, koma agalu, m'malo mwake, amagona m'malo ena okhala ndi madzi apansi kwambiri. Ngati madzi apansi ali pafupi, ndiye kuti m'derali simukuwona phiri, nyerere kapena bowo.
Samalani ndi malowo madzulo, ngati nkhungu ifalikira pamwamba pake, ndiye kuti pansi panthaka pali pafupi kwambiri, ndipo mamita awiri pankhaniyi ndi malire. Komanso m'malo okhala ndi madzi oyenda pansi, mame amadzisonkhanitsa mokulira komanso zochulukirapo.
Zachidziwikire, ngati mukufuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa malo oyambira pansi molondola momwe mungathere, mudzakumba dzenje kapena kukumba chitsime. Zotsalazo zimawononga ndalama, koma ndiye kuti simuyenera kuwononga nthawi yanu ndi mphamvu zanu kukumba dzenje lakuya kwambiri. Kubowola ndikukuwuzani, mpaka sentimita, mulingo wamalo apansi panthaka. Ndipo mutha kuwona chitsime chotsalira: ngati sichidzaza ndi madzi, ndiye kuti zonse zili bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Ambiri ndi osasamala poyesa kuchuluka kwa madzi apansi panthaka, ndipo wamaluwa angapo samalabadira kasamalidwe ka madzi. Komabe, ngakhale pamwamba pake kumatha kuwononga zipatso zonse zamwala, kusunga khosi lonyowa kwa miyezi ingapo. Izi zidzakwanira kuti zipse, ndipo mitengoyo nkuwonongeka.
Ngati mungasankhe kubzala mbewu panthaka yokhala ndi madzi okwanira pansi, ndiye kuti mubzale zitsamba ndi mbewu zomwe zimalumikizidwa pazomera zazing'onoting'ono, chifukwa mizu yomwe ili pafupi ndi nthaka komanso mita imodzi youma ingakhale yokwanira.
Komabe, musanayike dimba la mbewu za makangaza pamizu yodzala ndi zitsamba, pamadothi okhala ndi madzi okwanira pansi, njira zingapo ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse ngozi ya kufa kwa chomera.
Ndikofunikira! Osabzala mbewu m'munsi mwa malo otsetsereka, kwenikweni, iyi ndiye malo othandiza: pali chinyezi chambiri; musabzale mbeu pamalo otsetsereka osakhala ndi zopinga pakuthamanga kwamadzi; musanyalanyaze upangiri wa ogulitsa mbewu omwe amalimbikitsa kugula mbewu pamtunda wamtunda wamtunda wamtali komanso wapamwamba.
Kusintha dothi - kumanga dziwe lamadzi
Ngati malo oyambira pamadzi pa tsamba lanu adadutsa malo okumbika kapena gawo limodzi ndi dothi, ndiye kuti mutha kumanga nyumba yotulutsa chinyezi chambiri - dziwe lamayere. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga miyala kuchokera pamalowo, kuwaphimba ndi pulasitiki ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madziwo akutsikira pamalo amodzi osankhidwa kale, azikhala otsika momwe angathere. Ndipo pali mwayi kuti pansi pang'onopang'ono madzi adzasiya malo anu, osapanganso pansi, koma nyanja kapena dambo lakunja. M'tsogolomu, malo omwe adzakhalepo mtsogolo adzakutunga madzi kuchokera m'nthaka chifukwa chakufuma kokutira ku galasi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti malo okulirapo m'deralo, malo enanso ambiri mungawasinthe.
Ndikofunikira! Madziwo amayenda atapangidwa kuti apezeka pamalo otsika kwambiri osasokoneza oyandikana nawo.
Kusunthika kwa madzi pamwamba pamalo omwe pamapezeka madzi ambiri pansiTimakonzekeretsa njira m'munda wamtsogolo
Misewu yolowera imafunika maukonde onse, ayenera kuzungulira malowo, mutha kuponyera mabatani pamayendedwe awa ndikupita nawo ku malo akulu, omwe pang'onopang'ono amatulutsidwa.
Musanapange njira zamadzina, muyenera kudziwa njira yomwe tsamba lanu limatsamira. Pambuyo pakutsimikiza, yesani kuonetsetsa kuti njira zomwe zikuwongoleredwa zapita kutsata. Mukakumba, onetsetsani kuti mwawayika onse ndi filimu yakuda yamapulasitiki, iziteteza mayendedwe kuti achulukane. Pomaliza, njira zonse ziyenera kusinthana m'malo amodzi, ndikupanga china chake ngati dziwe, chomwe chitha kukhala chinyezi chambiri. Kuchokera pamenepo ndizotheka kutunga madzi othirira.
Ndikofunikira! Kuzama kwa njira zomwe mudakumba sikuyenera kukhala kochepera pakuzama komwe nthaka imakuzungulirani m'dera lanu, mwachitsanzo, pakati pa Russia, dothi limatha kuwundana mpaka mita imodzi.
Zikakhala kuti sizingatheke kumanga dziwe lamadzi, ndiye kuti pangani chitsime chatsopano, ndikuwongolera njira zonse kuchokera pamalowa. Koma pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pampu, yomwe nthawi ndi nthawi mudzafunika kupopera madzi kuchokera pamalowo, kukhetsa chitsime.
Kuwongolera nthaka
Nthaka yokhala ndi madzi oyandikira pansi, makamaka dothi louma, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosauka, ndipo ngati mutha kuyimitsa, mupitilirabe kuisintha musanabzale mbeu patsamba lino. Kuphatikiza apo, nthaka iyenera kuyesedwa ndi pH: ndikotheka kuti dothi lomwe lili m'deralo limadziwika ndi acidity yayikulu. Kenako nthawi yachisanu ndizofunikira kuwonjezera kuchokera ku 300 mpaka 400 g laimu pa sikweya mita imodzi kapena choko chomwecho, kukumba mosamala zonsezo, ndikuyezeranso mulingo wa pH m'chilimwe, ndikuchita izi mpaka nthaka itakhala yosalowerera.
Kenako, pamwamba pamtunda womwe mulipo, muyenera kudzaza dothi lomwe mwaloledwa. Chifukwa chake, mudzakweza malowa ndikuwonjezera chonde chake.
Kenako, malowa amafunika kuti akumbiridwe posakaniza dothi ndikuwonjezera ufa wa dolomite mu 300 g pa mita lalikulu lalikulu. Musanabzala mbande (ngati kubzala kumalimwe, ndiye kuti kuthira kwa nyundo kungokhala bwino), muyenera kupanga phulusa la 250-300 g pa mita imodzi, chidebe cha humus ndi supuni yokhala ndi superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate (zonsezi kuti mukumba , ngakhale mutayenera kukumba malowo kachiwiri).
Malamulo obzala mbande pachiwembu ndi madzi okwanira pansi
Tiyenera kunena nthawi yomweyo kuti simuyenera kudalira nthaka yochokera. Inde, imakweza malowa ndipo ngalande zamadzimadzi zidzathandiziranso nthaka, komabe, kuti mitengo yonse yazipatso (zipatso za mabulosi zibzalidwe bwino), izi sizingakhale zokwanira.
Pakadali pano, kubzala zipatso za pome ndi mwala ziyenera kuchitika osati mwamwambo komanso odziwika kwa tonse a ife, koma pamiyala yosinthika, yomwe imatha kutalika kwa mita, kutengera ndi momwe mmera udalumikizidwira: mtunda amatanthauza kutalika kwa chitunda Ikhale yofanana ndi mita imodzi, yapamwamba kwambiri - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti theka la mita yakwanira.
Koma simungathe kuchita popanda kukulitsa, chifukwa mizu ya mmera iyenera kukhazikika. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani dothi lakuya pafupifupi masentimita atatu, ndipo mulifupi ndi 35-40% kuposa kuchuluka kwa mizu.
Ndizodziwikiratu kuti mukudandaula kotero kuti mukufunika kuthira dothi, kukhala wathanzi momwe mungathere. Ungwiro ngati udzakhala dothi labwino, manyowa kapena manyowa, komanso 200 g phulusa ndi supuni ya potaziyamu.
Zitatha izi, mmera umafunikira kubzala pamuluwa, ndikupanga kuti mizu yake ikhale yotalikirapo kuti mizu isatulukire kumbali ina.
Malamulo okubzala, omwe ali ofanana pa knoll, omwe ali ofanana pa fossa yofikira - muyenera kuyendayenda komwe mizu imalowera kumtengowo, ndiko kuti, komwe kuli khosi la mizu. Khosi lomweli lomwe silikhala lakuzika konse: m'miyala yazipatso zamiyala imayenera kupitirira 2-3 masentimita kuposa kutalika kwa chingwe, ngati kuti limamera pamwamba pake, m'mitengo ya mbewu imathanso "kukankhidwa" masentimita angapo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakukula mizu ya khosi la mbewu za pome, pali chofunikira kwambiri pakubzala ndipo nthawi yophukira imayamba patapita nthawi pang'ono, mu zipatso zamiyala, kukulitsa khosi la mizu kumatha kubweretsa kuonongeka kwake, makamaka ngati dothi lanyowa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono - munthawi ndi pafupipafupi ndi kuthirira kapena mvula, kenako mtengo udzafa.
Kuyika ngalande yonyowetsera madzi m'chigawo chokhala ndi madzi apansi pamadziNdizo zonse zomwe ndimafuna ndikuuzeni zamadzi apansi panthaka, momwe mungadziwire mtundu wawo pamalowo komanso zomwe muyenera kubzala. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena ngati mukufuna kugawana nawo zomwe mwakumana nazo podzala mbewu m'malo ngati amenewa, lembani zomwe mwayankha.
